帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群8%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

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CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

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近年、アラブ世界ではアメリカ合衆国に対する敵対感情が広まる傾向が見られる。特に2001年9月11日にニューヨークとワシントンを襲ったテロは、アラブ世界に存在する反米感情を強烈に印象づけた。この事件はアメリカ合衆国の歴史のなかでもっとも大勢の犠牲者をだした「アメリカ本土への攻撃」であったが、この事件の遠因となったアラブ世界における反米感情はどこからきたのか、また、事件後にその動向に変化はあるのか。アラブ世界における反米感情の原因の追究は、現在の国際関係研究の重要なテーマとなっている。反米感情が生まれた理由としては、文化や宗教や文明の違いによるものであるとする説や、政治体制や教育制度に関係しているという考えもある。しかしながら、このテーマの本格的な解明のためには、アラブ地域の国々が有する固有の論理から理解していく必要がある。また、反米感情の推移は、現地の世論の動向により把握されなくてならない。著者は、湾岸諸国会議(GCC)加盟国に含まれる9つの都市でアンケート調査を実施し、人々がアメリカ合衆国をどのように見ているか、反米的な感情が存在するのか否かのデータを収集した。その結果をふまえ、反米感情の背後にある理由を考察することが、本研究ノートの目的である。合衆国の中東政策の分析だけを重視し、アラブ諸国の人々の「感情」に踏み入ることのなかったこれまでの研究の欠落を埋めるのが、本稿の目的である。

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Antibody to hepatitis C virus (-HCV) in patients who are negative for HCV RNA in serum may indicate a memory of past infection of HCV. However, their clinical features have not been well understood. Fourteen -HCV-positive but HCV RNA-negative individuals were examined for serological and histological features. As a result, it was found that they had only antibody to HCV core antigen C-3 with or without antibody to nonstructural viral antigen C33c on a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), and that an concentration of -C was low. Liver biopsy showed two having no evidence of an obvious hepatic injury, two having a minimal change, and two having portal fibrosis. HCV RNA was not found in the liver. These results corroborate an idea that the -HCV in HCV RNA-negative individuals implies a past infection of HCV. Furthermore, it is suggested that a combination of an appearance pattern of antibody to HCV antigens on RIBA and -C titer are an useful marker to distinguish -HCV-positive individuals without viremia from those with viremia.

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The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

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Intracerebral injection of vegetative myxamoebae of strains of Polysphondylium pallidum caused 80 to 100% mortality in mice, whereas a 30 to 50% mortality occurred with strains of Dictyostelium giganteum and D. mucoroides. Death is attributable to an unidentified toxic factor. Histopathologically a giant cell formation was seen in the spleen of mice. This cell was different from Langerhan's or foreign body giant cell. Rats injected intracerebrally behaved similarly. Intranasal instillation of myxamoebae in guinea pigs caused transient pneumonia. Myxamoebae do not multiply in the brain tissues of mice or rats, or in the lungs of guinea pigs.
Intranasal instillation of vegetative myxamoebae is less pathogenic than free living amoebae like Hartmanella culbertsoni, H. rhysodes, Naegleria sp. (Culbertson strain HB-1), or Naegleria aerobia.

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The nd Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Science Education (JSSE) was held on July 29-31, 1998 at Tokyo Gakugei University in western suburb of Tokyo with about 290 registrants under the main theme of "Towards Implementation of Science Curriculum for Construction of Creation and Symbiosis." Number of papers over 210 were presented in both main sessions and general presentations. There were two symposiums, one lecture, one forum, one international forum, one workshop, three sessions of themes set by the steering committee and ten sessions of themes set independently by members of JSSE in main sessions. Also, there were many other general presentations. Many papers were presented coping with the main theme. They were a lecture related to learning and creativity based on advance of brain, and many presentations related to symbiosis such as relation between in-door and out-door school activities, school based research activities such as curriculum development, and way of finding new methodology of research on classroom, consistency of curriculum through elementary to high school, pre-service teacher education, and so on. Contents of claims and discussions in every presentation in main sessions are summarized in this paper.

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A financial market is a diversified dynamical system with many constraints, and price movements are modeled in terms of the micro properties of each transactions and the macro properties of dynamical systems. These two properties must be bridged by the multiplicity. The model forcuses on the size of tick and the number of transactions with the price movement compared with the previous transctions and explains stochastic nature of short-term volatilities and persistently stable long-term volatilities as a results of unique behaviour of heterogeneous market participants.

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DiGeorge syndrome (DGA), velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) are frequently associated with q11.2 deletion syndrome. We report two cases of q11.2 deletion syndrome. Two patients had cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to show deletion of chromosome q11.2. Palatoplasty was performed at about two years of age with the patients under general anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful in both patients.

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This article scrutinizes, firstly, the concept of ‘global governance,’ and by its elucidation, we illuminate the concept of ‘governance.’ In regard to this elucidation, we refer to some issues of global warming and its solutions, poor South dependency and its transformation, and analyze theoretical bases of dependency theory, world system theory, peace studies, neo-liberalism and constructivism in international relations theory. Through such a pathway, secondly, we analyze the different connotations of ‘globalization’ and ‘globalism’ in confronting with neo-liberal theorist Robert Keohane, and shed light on the ambiguity of his concept ‘globalism.’ After the unilateral ruling of the United States, its magisterial attitude has been blamed and it has been exposed the criticism of -. Globalization has been considered as Americanization, and it is the reason that - has occurred. However, Koehane and his co-editor Peter Katzenstein, a theorist of constructivism, are reluctant to admit such a present condition. Leaving behind the light of his own countenance of , we think about, thirdly, globalization has entered into another phase to promote ‘virtualization’ and governance by networks, and globalization has inspired a shift in activities away from the state, i.e. the ‘hollowing out of the sate’ in the globalized society. It is true that the age of anarchical society of state-centric framework was over, and the trilogy of multiple actors, such as nation states, TNCs and NGOs, is forming the governance by networks. However, among tiers of global, regional, national and local level, especially in the framework of national level, we cannot but think the state, i.e. the central government remains to be the administrative core and take an important role of governance. Accordingly, in our conclusion, the present governing framework is composed of ‘governance including government,’ instead of James Rosenau’s coinage of ‘governance without government.’

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We report three cases of q11.2 deletion syndrome (CATCH; cardiac defects, abnormal faces, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate and hypocalcemia with chromosome q11.2 deletion) with various complications including hearing loss and nasopharyngeal problems. All three cases we report here had congenital cardiac defects. Two of the three cases had cleft palate, one overt and the other submucoals. Although one of the three cases had a normal hearing level, the other two were almost deaf, one with and the other without inner ear anomalies. The former case was prescribed a hearing aid, and for the latter case, cochlear implantation operation was conducted at the age of three years and seven months. Both of these patients have successfully developed communication skills.
CATCH shows a variety of phenotypes, including hearing loss and nasopharyngeal malformations, either of which may disturb speech ability and thus, furthermore, mental development of the child. However, this condition may be improved by early and adequate intervention. Thus, otolaryngologists should be familiarized with the typical facial abnormality and most frequent manifestations of this syndrome, and be ready to treat patients with q11 deletion, providing them with intensive and individualized prescription at their early stages.

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目的:現在尿路上皮腫瘍のスクリーニング法としては尿細胞診が広く用いられているが細胞異型の弱い腫瘍の場合には検出感度が低く偽陰性が問題となる. 近年開発された尿中腫瘍マーカーのNMPは, 迅速に結果が得られ早期の尿路上皮癌を確認できるとされスクリーニングに広く用いられつつある. 今回われわれは, 尿中NMP値と尿細胞診結果を組織診断および膀胱鏡検査と比較し, 今後の尿路上皮スクリーニング法について検討したので報告する.
材料および方法:2000年7月から2002年4月までに当院泌尿器科より提出された外来自然尿675例について尿細胞診およびNMP (コニカMatritech UNMPテストキットELISA法) を比較検討した.
結果:臨床的および組織学的に31例の癌 (G1: 8例G2: 19例G3: 4例) が確認された. このうちNMPでは陽性が17例, 細胞診では14例, 陰性はNMPでは14例, 細胞診では17例であった. 細胞診では明らかな偽陽性症例 (+) はみられず, 疑陽性症例 (±) 17例に対しNMPでの偽陽性数は96例であった. これらの要因として細胞診で炎症や結石などにより細胞異型を示していたものがあり, NMPでは白血球成分の多い検体で高値を示していた.
考察:今回の検討で尿細胞診では検出感度は低いが特異度が高く診断には欠かせない検査である. 一方, NMPはG1の癌検出が細胞診に比べ優れているが, 膿尿などの白血球成分の多い検体では偽陽性結果が多く細胞診結果と乖離するためNMPと尿細胞診との併用が望ましいと思われる.

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本稿では，有機色材の発色性にかかわる量子化学的物性値を量子化学計算により精度良く予測する方法について示した。最もよく使われる密度汎関数法の特徴を，ほかの量子化学計算手法と比較した。精度が高い量子化学計算の計算条件（汎関数，基底，溶媒効果）を複数の色材の種類や量子化学的物性値に関して示した。ベンチマークを参照し，精度が高い計算条件を選択する方法についても示した。量子化学計算ソフトウエアを導入する際に考慮すべき注意点についても述べた。

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