本研究では,脳活動を入力信号とする- (BCI)の開発を行っている.本論文では黙読を入力信号に利用した簡易な言語活動BCIシステムの構築を目指し,近赤外線分光法(NIRS)を用いて文章黙読時の脳機能計測および脳血流量動態データのリアルタイム処理を行った.実験結果より,文章黙読時における脳血流量動態変化より簡易なON/OFFスイッチ操作が可能となったことから,言語活動BCIの実用可能性が示された.

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帯状疱疹に対するRo-8181の有効性, 安全性および有用性を検討するため, ヒト血清アルブミンを対照薬として, 二重盲検比較試験を行つた。皮膚症状の観察項目別の改善率では, 水疱·膿疱において投与開始後5日目でRo-8181群70%, placebo群50%で, 両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。皮膚症状改善度の推移を著明改善以上の症例についてみると, 投与開始後4日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群8%, placebo群0%であり, Fisherの直接計算法で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。また, 投与開始後5日目の著明改善率はRo-8181群15%, placebo群3%であり, κ² 検定で両群間に差(p<0.05)が認められた。主治医による有効性の判定ではU検定でRo-8181群が優れている傾向が認められた。主治医による安全性の判定では副作用発現率がRo-8181群83%, placebo群14%であり, U検定で両群間に差(p<0.001)が認められた。主治医による有用性の判定ではU検定で両群間に差は認められなかつた。以上の結果より, 帯状疱疹に対し, Ro-8181は皮疹のうち水疱·膿疱に対して有効であり, 主治医判定でも有効性が認められたが, 安全性については本薬剤の耐薬性が示されたものの副作用の発現率が高かつたため, 有用性は高くないと考えられた。

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CTAの行政上の取り扱い、歴史、投資戦略等をまず簡単に説明する。CTAとは金融先物、オプション、スワップを対象とした取り引きに関する投資のアドバイスやサービスを個人、ファンドに提供する個人、または組織に対する金融行政上の用語で、正式名はCommodity trading advisorである。CTAという用語は投資信託、ETFを含むヘッジファンド、プライベートファンドへの投資アドバイスにも適応される。CTAs は米国連邦政府による規制対象であり Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) への登録と National Futures Association (NFA) のメンバーになることが義務付けられている。また、CTAはヘッジファンドの投資スタイルのひとつ (Global Macro) でもある。

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We have developed a prototype optical - (BCI) system that can be used by an operator to manipulate external, electrically controlled equipment. Our optical BCI uses near-infrared spectroscopy and functions as a compact, practical, unrestrictive, non-invasive -switch. The optical BCI system measured spatiotemporal changes in the hemoglobin concentrations in the blood flow of a subject's prefrontal cortex at measurement points. An exponential moving average (EMA) filter was applied to the data, and then their weighted sum with a taskrelated parameter derived from a pretest is utilized for time-indicated control (GO-STOP) of an external object. In experiments using untrained subjects, the system achieved control patterns within an accuracy of ±6 sec for more than 80% control.

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The Japan Society for Occupational Health (JSOH) recommends the Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) as reference values for preventing adverse health effects on workers caused by occupational exposure to chemical substances, continuous or intermittent noise, impulsive or impact noise, heat stress, cold stress, whole-body vibration, hand-arm vibration and time-varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields and ultraviolet and ionizing radiation.

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Intracerebral injection of vegetative myxamoebae of strains of Polysphondylium pallidum caused 80 to 100% mortality in mice, whereas a 30 to 50% mortality occurred with strains of Dictyostelium giganteum and D. mucoroides. Death is attributable to an unidentified toxic factor. Histopathologically a giant cell formation was seen in the spleen of mice. This cell was different from Langerhan's or foreign body giant cell. Rats injected intracerebrally behaved similarly. Intranasal instillation of myxamoebae in guinea pigs caused transient pneumonia. Myxamoebae do not multiply in the tissues of mice or rats, or in the lungs of guinea pigs.
Intranasal instillation of vegetative myxamoebae is less pathogenic than free living amoebae like Hartmanella culbertsoni, H. rhysodes, Naegleria sp. (Culbertson strain HB-1), or Naegleria aerobia.

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Medical social informatics is a framework to solve public health problems, using the information technology based on the society needs. In the field of neurosurgical services as part of public health, we often find the traumatic injury (TBI) patient in Indonesia, due to traffic accident. Recently the number of neurosurgeon is still lack, roughly 150 neurosurgeons are working for 250 million population. Most of them are working in the big city, so that the TBI cannot be treated properly. To support the treatment, while there is no neurosurgeon, we have developed TBI supported information system, focus on the TBI graphic user (GUI), being employed by general surgeon, doctors and nurses under distance guidance by neurosurgeon. There are five basic data classification for TBI GUI, namely, 1) demography, 2) anamnesis history of disease, 3) treatment action and surgical guidance, 4) follow up data display and 5) teleneurosurgery for distance consultation. The human- simulation was performed using Lenovo T500 with finger touched mouse keyboard and Lenovo X201 using pen-tablet ThinkPad at department of neurosurgery Padjadjaran University School of Medicine Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung Indonesia. Patient admitted to the emergency room were the candidate on this simulation, by assessing and entry data into the system simultaneously, performed by general surgeon, doctors and nurses after login according to their qualification. The speed of understanding and entry data was almost the same using both of type , however the particular tablet PC was more convenient and faster for entry data compare to that mouse touched pad. Under neurosurgeon guidance, the other medical personnel were competent to provide treatment, to stabilize and surgical action for live threatened patient. Therefore this system likely will be useful for remote area that has no neurosurgeon for the future study.

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The nd Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Science Education (JSSE) was held on July 29-31, 1998 at Tokyo Gakugei University in western suburb of Tokyo with about 290 registrants under the main theme of "Towards Implementation of Science Curriculum for Construction of Creation and Symbiosis." Number of papers over 210 were presented in both main sessions and general presentations. There were two symposiums, one lecture, one forum, one international forum, one workshop, three sessions of themes set by the steering committee and ten sessions of themes set independently by members of JSSE in main sessions. Also, there were many other general presentations. Many papers were presented coping with the main theme. They were a lecture related to learning and creativity based on advance of , and many presentations related to symbiosis such as relation between in-door and out-door school activities, school based research activities such as curriculum development, and way of finding new methodology of research on classroom, consistency of curriculum through elementary to high school, pre-service teacher education, and so on. Contents of claims and discussions in every presentation in main sessions are summarized in this paper.

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In this paper, we will construct a new (BCI), for the purpose of analyzing human's investment decision makings. The BCI is made up of three functional parts which take roles of, measuring information, determining market price in an artificial market, and specifying investment decision model, respectively. When subjects make decisions, their information is conveyed to the part of specifying investment decision model through the part of measuring information, whereas, their decisions of investment order are sent to the part of artificial market to form market prices. Both the support vector machine and the 3 layered perceptron are used to assess the investment decision model. In order to evaluate our BCI, we conduct an experiment in which subjects and a trader agent trade shares of stock in the artificial market and test how the trader agent can forecast market price formation and investment decision makings from the information of subjects. The result of the experiment shows that the information can improve the accuracy of forecasts, and so the trader agent can supply market liquidity to stabilize market volatility without his loss.

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A financial market is a diversified dynamical system with many constraints, and price movements are modeled in terms of the micro properties of each transactions and the macro properties of dynamical systems. These two properties must be bridged by the multiplicity. The model forcuses on the size of tick and the number of transactions with the price movement compared with the previous transctions and explains stochastic nature of short-term volatilities and persistently stable long-term volatilities as a results of unique behaviour of heterogeneous market participants.

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An auditory - (BCI) which detects event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by selective attention to one of the tone streams was proposed. Two frequency oddball tone sequences with different tone frequency ranges were alternately presented to subjects, and were perceived by subjects as two kinds of segregated streams. Event-related potentials elicited by two kinds of deviant tones were classified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to find the stream subjects paid selective attention to. Experiments with six subjects have shown that this system could realize binary selection from two tone streams.

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DiGeorge syndrome (DGA), velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) are frequently associated with q11.2 deletion syndrome. We report two cases of q11.2 deletion syndrome. Two patients had cleft palate, and facial dysmorphism. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to show deletion of chromosome q11.2. Palatoplasty was performed at about two years of age with the patients under general anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful in both patients.

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- interfaces (BCI) enable direct communication between the and a or other external devices. They can extend a person’s degree of freedom by either strengthening or substituting the human peripheral working capacity. Moreover, their potential clinical applications in medical fields include rehabilitation, affective computing, communication, and control. Over the last decade, noninvasive BCI systems such as electroencephalogram (EEG) have progressed from simple statistical models to deep learning models, with performance improvement over time and enhanced computational power. However, numerous challenges pertaining to the clinical use of BCI systems remain, e.g., the lack of sufficient data to learn more possible features for robust and reliable classification. However, compared with fields such as vision and speech recognition, the training samples in the medical BCI field are limited as they target patients who face difficulty generating EEG data compared with healthy control. Because deep learning models incorporate several parameters, they require considerably more data than other conventional methods. Thus, deep learning models have not been thoroughly leveraged in medical BCI. This study summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of the BCI system over the last decade, highlighting critical challenges and solutions.

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Computers are less able to respond to human emotion during communicating to user. This study was to find to the systemic model of responsive to affective communication from the user using physiological parameters such as EEG (Electroencephalogram), HRV (Heart rate variability) and EDA (Electrodermal activity). 26 university students were exposed emotional stimuli and their physiological measures were determined for evaluating four emotions based on 2 dimensions: valence level and arousal level. The system model was defined for emotion imbedded by on-line evaluation and response process of user's emotion. The results of this study showed feasibility of constructing the interactive systemic model of for affective communication to users.

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This paper proposes a nonverbal system using bio-potential signals, such as EOG and EMG, measured by a - and investigates its possibility of application to control of a hands-free manipulation system. A simple gesture recognition algorithm is presented to estimate the user's thinking from the EOG and EMG signals. To evaluate the feasibility and the characteristics of the system for hands-free manipulation, moving control experiments in 3D virtual space are carried out and the effectiveness of the proposed system is confirmed.

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Recently we developed a non-invasive braincomputer (BCI) to allow an user to control an humanoid robot within a complex scenario involving locomotion and object handling. The main challenge lies in the limitations of such BCI: limited output commands, low bandwidth and possible interpretation errors. Thus we developed several techniques to overcome these limitations by taking advantage of the embedded autonomy of the robot and putting it to use within the user . In this paper we present two of these techniques. The first shows how the vision system can be used to allow the user to grasp objects using the robot; a task otherwise extremely difficult using non-invasive BCI. The second illustrates how the vision system can also be used to ease the steering of the robot. These techniques illustrate the way we aim to develop better solutions for humanoid control using a - .

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