比較作用に関する研究 (第6報告) 単一刺戟法及び相対法に於ける刺戟系列の役割に関する実験的研究

船津 孝行

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.25.181

比較作用に関する研究 (第6報告)

単一刺戟法及び相対法に於ける刺戟系列の役割に関する実験的研究

船津孝行

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1954 年 25 巻 3 号 p. 181-187

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.25.181

詳細

発行日: 1954 年受付日: - J-STAGE公開日: 2010/07/16 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文タイトル訂正内容: 訂正前 : 比較作用に関する研究 (第6報告) -単一刺戟法及び相対法に於ける刺戟系列の役割に関する実験的研究-
訂正後 : 比較作用に関する研究 (第6報告)

訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文サブタイトル訂正内容: 訂正後 : 単一刺戟法及び相対法に於ける刺戟系列の役割に関する実験的研究

訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: 訂正前 : 絶対法, 恒常刺戟一回法, 相対法の測定手続を, 相対法における恒常刺戟100gを中心にして「軽い方に」, 「相称的に」, 「重い方に」偏した刺戟系列に適用して, 次の事実が明らかにされた。
1) 恒常刺戟一回法において, 最初に唯一回だけ提示される恒常刺戟は比較過程において常に標準の役割を営むものではなく, 判断は刺戟系列の基底の上に営まれ, 相対法よりも絶対法に近い方法であると考えられる。
2) 絶対法においては, 判断は使用された刺戟系列の函数である。
3) 恒常刺戟一回法においても刺戟系列の基底の上に判断が営まれる。しかしその際にこの実験では有意とはいえないが, 相称系列において得られた判断対応値が, 他の二方法における判断対応値の中間に位置することは, なお恒常刺戟の機能が出現していることを物語つている。
4) 相対法においても, 使用された変化刺戟系列に従つて等価値が変動するが, 重い方に偏した系列におけるよりも, 軽い方に偏した系列において, その偏位が大きい。この事実は注目すべき現象で, 今後なお検討されなければならない。
5) 三方法を適用した相称系列の分析によつて, 絶対法における判断の相称点の偏りについての, Köhler流の絶対系列の沈降という仮説は支持し難いことが判明した。かゝる現象は刺戟が系列を構成する事態の特殊な効果である。この系列効果はまた選択法による選択値の過大視現象, 調整法における変化刺戟の過大視現象等にも認められる。

訂正日: 2010/07/16 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Right : The Absolute Method (M₁), the Method of Single Initial Standard (M₂) and the Relative Method (M₃) were used in lifted weight experiment. The materials used as stimuli in the experiment were hollow brass cylinders, 3cm. both in height and in diameter, each end of which were closed up. The Cylinders were weighted with solder, and plated with nickel. The stimuli were presented to the observer by means of revolving top-table which was regulated by the experimenter. In M₂ and M₃, the standard stimulus was 100 grams. In the three methods, the following variable stimulus series were used :
S₁ 79, 82, ........., 100, ........., 103, 106 gram
S₂ 85, 88, ........., 100, .........112, 115
S₃ 24, 97, ........., 100, ..........118, 121
The PSE's were calculated by tke modified constant method, and the following results have been obtained :
In the Method of Single Initial Standard, the presented constant stimulus does not play the function of the standard stimulus of comparison process, and the judgment given by the observers in response to the stimuli are those based on the used stimulus series, so that the method somewhat resembles the Absolute Method in its character.
2) It has been reascertained that in tbe Absolute Method tke judgments on the stimuli are formed on the basis of the used stimulus series.
3) In the Method of Single Initial Standard, also, the judgments on the stimuli are formed on the basis of the used stimulus series. Though statistically it may not be highly significant, the PS of the symmetrical stimulus series has shown middle value of the PSE and the PS of the other two methods. The fact shows that the constant stimulus presented first partly plays the function of the standard stimulus.
4) In the Relative Method, there also exist differences between PSE's of each stimulus series. The deviation of PSE of S₁ from 100 grams is more remarkable than that of S₃. This fact demands closer investigation.
5) The analysis of the PSE's of the symmetrical stimulus series (S₂) in the three methods, indicates clearly that it is not adequate to explain the deviation of PS from the middle point of the used series by means of the sinking absolute series. It is pointed out that the phenomenon is caused by the special effect of the situation in which the stimuli organize a series (Serial effects).

抄録

The Absolute Method (M₁), the Method of Single Initial Standard (M₂) and the Relative Method (M₃) were used in lifted weight experiment. The materials used as stimuli in the experiment were hollow brass cylinders, 3cm. both in height and in diameter, each end of which were closed up. The Cylinders were weighted with solder, and plated with nickel. The stimuli were presented to the observer by means of revolving top-table which was regulated by the experimenter. In M₂ and M₃, the standard stimulus was 100 grams. In the three methods, the following variable stimulus series were used :
S₁ 79, 82, ........., 100, ........., 103, 106 gram
S₂ 85, 88, ........., 100, .........112, 115
S₃ 24, 97, ........., 100, ..........118, 121
The PSE's were calculated by tke modified constant method, and the following results have been obtained :
In the Method of Single Initial Standard, the presented constant stimulus does not play the function of the standard stimulus of comparison process, and the judgment given by the observers in response to the stimuli are those based on the used stimulus series, so that the method somewhat resembles the Absolute Method in its character.
2) It has been reascertained that in tbe Absolute Method tke judgments on the stimuli are formed on the basis of the used stimulus series.
3) In the Method of Single Initial Standard, also, the judgments on the stimuli are formed on the basis of the used stimulus series. Though statistically it may not be highly significant, the PS of the symmetrical stimulus series has shown middle value of the PSE and the PS of the other two methods. The fact shows that the constant stimulus presented first partly plays the function of the standard stimulus.
4) In the Relative Method, there also exist differences between PSE's of each stimulus series. The deviation of PSE of S₁ from 100 grams is more remarkable than that of S₃. This fact demands closer investigation.
5) The analysis of the PSE's of the symmetrical stimulus series (S₂) in the three methods, indicates clearly that it is not adequate to explain the deviation of PS from the middle point of the used series by means of the sinking absolute series. It is pointed out that the phenomenon is caused by the special effect of the situation in which the stimuli organize a series (Serial effects).

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