Preparation and Photocatalytic Property of Phosphorus-doped TiO₂ Particles

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Phosphorus-doped titania powders were prepared by a sol-gel method using titanium (IV) tetrabutoxide and sodium hypophosphite as starting materials. The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM and UV-vis spectroscopy. The TiO₂ powders calcined at 400°C for 5 h in an N₂ atmosphere showed an anatase structure. The crystallinity of TiO₂ was improved by calcination both in air and in N₂ atmospheres. Furthermore, UV-vis spectroscopy analysis indicated that the absorption edge of the samples shifted to a longer wavelength after calcination. The XRD results suggested that phosphorus was doped into the crystal lattice of TiO₂. The electronic states of phosphorus were determined by XPS, which indicated that the phosphorus in the prepared titania powders was in a lower oxidization state than the pentavalent oxidation state of phosphorus. Also, the photocatalytic activity was tested by observing the photodecomposition of methylene blue.