The six
Bubalus species include the two species of anoa, the tamaraw, the Asian wild water buffaloes, and the domesticated
riverine and swamp buffaloes. However, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions of the
Bubalus species have few
published data and are still unresolved. Thus, this paper aimed to elucidate the relationship among these species of the genus
Bubalus using the variation of the control region of mtDNA D-loop. This study generated D-loop sequences from 17 riverine
buffaloes from India and Brazil that Philippine government imported. The analysis also included 836 D-loop sequences of
Bubalus
species from the Asia region that were retrieved from NCBI Genbank. Results revealed the highest genetic distance between
tamaraw and lowland anoa, while the lowest was between the tamaraw and swamp buffalo, which confirmed their taxonomic
assignment to belong to the same genus but different species. Moreover, a total of 853 sequences of 368 nucleotide sites from
Bubalus species included 61 haplotypes with 214 nucleotide sites. The branch supported two major groups, the first group from the
sub-species of anoa and the second group from tamaraw and domesticated water buffaloes. The genetic distance, phylogenetic, and
Median-Joining structure analyses highlighted that domesticated riverine and swamp buffaloes have distinct maternal ancestry and
showed the tamaraw's close affinity to the swamp lineage B. In addition, these results showed the shared common ancestry between
the tamaraw and swamp buffaloes, suggesting that the evolution of tamaraw occurred prior to the domestication of swamp
buffaloes.
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