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Article type: Cover
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Index
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Akira Takada
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Ichiro Hagiwara
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Shingo Iwami
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
82-84
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Shingo Iwami, Kei Sato, Yoshio Koyanagi
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
85-94
Published: June 26, 2012
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Recently, in order to investigate the fundamental phenomena in immunology and virology such as maintenance of immune memory, T-cell homeostasis, the relationship between aging and immunosenescence, the regulation of the adaptive immune response during viral infection, the pathogenesis of CD4^+ depletion in HIV infection, and the underlying mechanisms of leukemia, we successfully quantied lymphocyte kinetics in humanized mice through BrdUlabeling experiment. It is worth noting that our findings are the first to assess lymphocyte dynamics utilizing this technique. At first, we will briefly give an outline of the "Quantification system of lymphocyte kinetics in humanized mice" and then we will discuss about properties of the lymphocyte kinetics and utilities of our established system.
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Shuhei Miyashita
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
95-104
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Genetic bottlenecks facilitate the fixation and extinction of variants in populations, and viral populations are no exception to this theory. We recently reported the existence of genetic bottlenecks during cell-to-cell movement of Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic virus, by showing the spatial separation of two RNA2 vectors from initially coinfected cells. Our statistical analysis showed that the number of viral RNA genomes establishing infection in newly infected cells after cell-to-cell movement is around 5 to 6, indicating that plant RNA viruses may face narrow genetic bottlenecks in every cell-to-cell movement. Furthermore, our mathematical model suggested that plant RNA viruses are utilizing the repeated genetic bottlenecks as an essential element of their evolution system to select their adaptive variants in trans-acting genes or elements to respond to host shifting and changes in the growth conditions of the hosts.
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Yoshito Hirata
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
105-114
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In this paper, we review our recent developments of mathematical models for prostate cancer under intermittent androgen suppression. In the intermittent androgen suppression, androgen suppression, which is hormone therapy for prostate cancer, is intermittently stopped to delay the relapse of cancer. To optimize the protocol to each patient, we have proposed some mathematical models including ordinary differential equation models and partial differential equation models. Our most recent model is a three-dimensional piecewise linear model. One of the three variables of the model is for androgen dependent cancer cells and the other two variables are for androgen independent cancer cells. This piecewise linear model can not only fit clinical datasets of tumor marker called prostate specific antigen very well but also classify patients based on past time series of the tumor in a manner similar to medical doctors' classifications. We also discuss the future developments of mathematical methods for mathematical medicine including personalized treatment scheduling.
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Kensuke Aishima
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
115-127
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Matrix singular values play an important role in many applications. Accordingly, numerical methods for computing singular values are of great importance in practice. In 1994, Fernando and Parlett discovered an efficient algorithm, which is now called the differential quotient difference with shifts (dqds) algorithm. The dqds algorithm has received majority support due to its accuracy, speed, and numerical stability, and is implemented as DLASQ in LAPACK. This paper is concerned with convergence theorems of the dqds algorithm for singular values. Specifically, we discuss the global convergence theorem given by the present author and survey a variety of theorems on convergence rate of the dqds algorithm.
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Ryusei Ogata
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
128-131
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Toshiyuki Ogawa
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
132-137
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Junkichi Satsuma
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
138-141
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Yoshinori Morimoto
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
142-145
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Masakatsu Murakami
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
146-150
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Motoko Kotani
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
151-153
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Akiko Fukuda, Kensuke Aihara
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
154-155
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Hirofumi Notsu
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
155-
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Takashi Suzuki
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
156-157
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Katsumi Homma
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
158-159
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Atsushi Nagai
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
159-160
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
161-164
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
165-
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Article type: Index
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
167-
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
168-
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 22 Issue 2 Pages
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