Chikyukagaku
Online ISSN : 2188-5923
Print ISSN : 0386-4073
ISSN-L : 0386-4073
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Volume 11, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
  • Records of pollution in Tokyo Bay sediments
    Eiji MATSUMOTO, Setsuya YOKOTA
    1977 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 51-57
    Published: November 30, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.11.51
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The distribution of heavy metals and organic C and N has been determined in two Tokyo Bay sediment cores that have been dated using the 210Pb technique. The pollutant profiles reflect the history of heavy metals and organic C and N inputs since 1920. The present fluxes of heavy metals into sediments from Tokyo Bay are 3-8 times the natural fluxes before 1920.
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  • Chlorine, bromine and iodine as geochemical indicators for depositional paleoenvironment
    Hideo AKAIWA, Eisaku TAJIMA, Shoichi AIZAWA
    1977 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 58-62
    Published: November 30, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.11.58
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Chlorine, bromine and iodine contents were determined by neutron activation analysis on outcrop and borehole samples of the Tertiary marine and fresh-water mudstones in order to investigate the possibility of these elements as indicators for estimating the depositional paleoenvironment. The leachable halogen contents by aqueous and acidic solutions were also determined experimentally to clarify the mode of occurrence of these elements in marine mudstones. It is concluded that chlorine is not suitable as the geochemical indicator for distinguishing the marine mudstones from the fresh-water ones because the element is easily leachable from marine mudstones by the action of the meteoric or circulating waters near the earth's surface. On the other hand, bromine and iodine are considered to be promising as the indicators, since these elements are less soluble in water than chlorine. However, these elemental contents of the outcrop marine mudstones are in the same level as those of the borehole fresh-water ones. The fact implies that these elements are still questionable as the paleosalinity indicators for the depositional environment.
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  • The presence of p-coumaric acid and some other phenolic carboxylic acids in water-oat (ZIZANIA latiforia) and their ability of migration into water
    Takao KATASE, Takahisa HANYA
    1977 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 63-69
    Published: November 30, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.11.63
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Five phenolic carboxylic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids) and two cis-acids (p-coumaric and ferulic acids) were identified in water-oat by GC-MS, while four acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic and p-coumaric acids) were found in the exudate of the plant. The amounts of the acids determined by GC varied from 100 μg/g for vanillic acid to 580 μg/g for p-coumaric acid in the plant, and from 53 μg/l for p-coumaric acid to 140μg/l for syringic acid in the exudate. The comparison of the composition of the acids in the plant with that in the exudate showed that p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and syringic acids were more easily moved from the plant into water than p-coumaric and ferulic acids. It was suggested that the latter has an ethylenic double bond attached to the side chain.
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  • Sterols as indicators of fecal pollution in Suoh-nada, western Seto Inland Sea
    Jiroh ITOH, Ryo TATSUKAWA
    1977 Volume 11 Issue 2 Pages 70-74
    Published: November 30, 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: November 11, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.11.70
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol) and cholesterol in sea water of Suoh-nada, western Seto Inland Sea, were determined by highly sensitive analytical method, using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipped with multi-ion detector (GC-MS・MID). Average concentration of coprostanol was 2.7 ng/l (max. 6.3 ng/l, min. 0.9 ng/l) and that of cholesterol was 2 200ng/l (max. 3100ng/l, min. 1400ng/l). Concentration of coprostanol has high negative correlation with salinity (r=-0.71). These results suggest that coprostanol in the survey area came through the rivers. Population of man and domestic animals in coastal land were reflected on the concentrations of coprostanol in sea water. Cholesterol is not usable as an indicator of fecal pollution in the sea water, since marine plankton produce much more cholesterol than land-originated cholesterol. The evidence thus obtained supports the suggestion that coprostanol is available for an indicator of fecal pollution in marine environment. However, time factor in an indicator of fecal pollution (relationship between residence time of coprostanol and life time of fecal bacteria and fecal organic matter) remains to be studied.
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