Chikyukagaku
Online ISSN : 2188-5923
Print ISSN : 0386-4073
ISSN-L : 0386-4073
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Volume 12, Issue 2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
  • State analysis of selenium in sediment. I. Investigation of selenium in sediment by leaching method
    Yuzo TAMARI, Keizo HIRAKI, Yasuharu NISHIKAWA
    1978 Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 37-43
    Published: December 30, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.12.37
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Chemical techniques for studying chemical state of selenium in sediments are described. Selenium is leached from the sediments by shaking with acid and/or alkaline solutions. Chemical state of selenium in the sediments is inferred from the distribution of the element as well as of the indicator substances, such as iron and aluminum, in the separate fractions. A new leaching experiment on the sediments by the irradiation of ultrasonic wave is also investigated. This method is more convenient and effective for the state analysis of trace elements in the sediments.
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  • Nitrate concentration in spring water at the Nogawa basin and its possible source
    Kazuhiro YOSHIDA, Norio OGURA
    1978 Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 44-51
    Published: December 30, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.12.44
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Fluctuation of nitrate concentration in spring water at the Nogawa basin was studied during 1976-1977, and the possible source of nitrate nitrogen was discussed. Nitrate concentration in spring water at the station N-0 in Kokubunji, Tokyo ranged from 360 to 574 μg at/1 with an average value of 502 μg at/1. It seemed that the effluent of spring water at N-0 was influenced by rainfall within a short period. A laboratory experiment on production of nitrate in soil showed that ammonium nitrogen added to fresh soil was transformed quantitatively to nitrate nitrogen during 23 days incu- bation. Thd δ15N value of nitrate nitrogen in spring water (+8.9‰) was similar to that of ammonium nitrogen in sewage (+8.2‰) discharging into the Nogawa River. In the area near N-0, domestic wastes have been discharged into the Nogawa River by simple sewers or percolated downward through the soil. These results suggest that one of the main source of nitrate nitrogen in spring water is ammonium and organic nitrogen in domestic wastes.
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  • Partition of trace elements between hexagonal sodium nitrate-silver nitrate solid solution and saturated sodium nitrate aqueous solution –Effect of silver on partition coefficients of alkali metal ions
    Bokuihciro TAKANO
    1978 Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 52-58
    Published: December 30, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.12.52
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    Partition coefficients of Ag+, Li+, K+, and Rb+ between sodium nitrate and its saturated solution at 25°C were determined to be 0.33, 9.5x10-3, 3.6x10-3, and 1.2x10-4, respectively. A linear relationship was found between logarithms of partition coefficients of these elements (except lithium) and squares of differences in ionic radii. The calculated coefficients of these elements on the basis of Nagasawa's theory did not coincide with the observed ones as in the case of the partition between sodium nitrate and its melt. Partition coefficient of potassium varies with silver concentration of solid NaNO3. It takes a maximum value at the concentration of about 2 mol percent of silver. On the contrary, coefficient of potassium (and perhaps of rubidium) does not take any such maximum value, but shows only a small decrease in its value with an increase in the concentration of silver. The difference in partition patterns of these elements has been elucidated by an elastic model for substitution of trace elements in ionic crystals.
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  • A new explanation of the presence of excessive amount of radon in mineral spring by the δRn term calculated from the amounts of radium and radon
    Kimiko HORIUCHI, Yukio MURAKAMI
    1978 Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 59-70
    Published: December 30, 1978
    Released on J-STAGE: November 13, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14934/chikyukagaku.12.59
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A new simulaneous determination method of Ra and Rn in one water sample is proposed, consisting of extraction of Rn with toluene and application of integral counting method with a liquid scintillation counter. Based upon these results, δRn term is defined as (Rn-Rn(eq))/0Ra, where Rn represents the determined amount of Rn, Rn(eq), the calculated amounts of Rn supposed to be equilibrated with the actual amount of Ra, and 0Ra, the amount of Ra per evaporation residue of 1 g. The relationships between δRn term and water temperature of mineral springs and geothermal well were established and the characteristic nature of each group of them were clearly shown. A new explanation on the presence of exessive amount of Rn compared with that of Ra found was given by assuming that hot springs are mostly formed by mixing the original thermal water with the ground water containing high amount of Rn. The ground water, especially deep layer one, can easily dissolve and concentrate Rn by passing through the wide range of surroundings. Conclusively it can be said that Rn will migrate not only by recoil and diffusion but also by transportation of ground water over distance. The ground water is a main source of high amount of Rn.
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