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Volume 12 (1978)
- Issue 2 Pages 37-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 12, Issue 1
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
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Hideo AKAIWA, Eisaku TAJIMA, Shoichi AIZAWA1978 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bromine and iodine contents were determined simultaneously by neutron activation analysis on two boreholes of the Tertiary marine siltstones and marine tuffs collected from Tomioka, southwestern Gunma Prefecture, and the relationship between these elemental contents and the organic carbon content was investigated. The arithmetic means of the bromine and iodine contents of siltstone samples were 1.9ppm and 2.0ppm, respectively. Tuff samples gave averages of 0.69ppm for the bromine content and 0.75ppm for the iodine content. The positive correlations were observed between the halogen contents and the organic carbon content of the sedimentary rocks analyzed. This suggests that the bromine and iodine in the sedimentary rocks originate from marine plants and microorganisms incorporated during sedimentary processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
Reiko SUZUKI1978 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 5-8
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fluoride in calcareous sinters was colorimetrically determined by Sen Gupta's method, modified by Akaiwa. The fluoride content varied from 450 to 4400 ppm for aragonitic sinters, and from 150 to 1150 ppm for calcitic sinters. The amount of fluoride incorporated into the sinters depends on the crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and on the chemical characteristics of the sinter-depositing waters. A high pH of the waters results in decrease in amount of fluoride uptaken by the sinters.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Jiroh ITOH, Ryo TATSUKAWA1978 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFecal pollution of Osaka Bay was investigated by using coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol) as an indicator. Coprostanol in the surface seawater was extracted by n-hexane, and coprostanol and cholesterol in the surface sediment were extracted by alkaline digestion. Silylated coprostanol and cholesterol were determined by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipped with multi-ion detector. Average concentration of coprostanol in the surface seawaters was 53 ng/l (max. 150 ng/l, min. 9.3 ng/l). This level was about 20 times higher than those of other areas of the Seto Inland Sea. Average concentration of coprostanol in the surf ace sediments was 1.5 μ/g (max. 3.9 μg/g, min. 0.3 μg/g). This level was about 10 times higher than the level of eastern Hiuchinada, central part of the Seto Inland Sea. Dense population in the coastal land of Osaka Bay, Osaka, Kobe and other cities, and the insufficient sewage and feces treatment facilities in the urban area may be causes for the remarkable fecal pollution. Coprostanol in Osaka Bay comes from the coastal land through rivers. Particularly, the Yodo River, which was the biggest river flowing to the Seto Inland Sea, was the most significant fecal source of Osaka Bay. Comparison between the distribution of coprostanol in the surface seawaters and in the surface sediments suggests that in the estuarine area coprostanol, which is adsorbed in paticulates, precipitates rapidly, while dissolved coprostanol is transported through the surface sea- water to offshore and remains in seawater relatively for a long time.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
Takenori KODAMA, Haruhisa OGITA1978 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 18-26
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration and composition of PCB have been determined on various environmental materials, and the present study indicates the followings. Most of PCB in river and pond waters are adsorbed on suspended solids which are migrated and accumulated in surface sediments of river, pond and sea. The PCB dissolved in water is constituted by low chlorobiphenyl. The concentration and composition of PCB dissolved in rain water are similar to those in river water, but there are large differences between dust fall and air-born dust. PCB in rain water is probably derived from air, because the compositions of PCB in air and rain water are very similar each other. The following experiments have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of PCB pollution in environments: the amount and composition of PCB evaporated from water to atomosphere, and the adsorption on kaolin water. Some idea was proposed on the geochemical cycle of PCB from the present investigations and experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K)
Review
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Yoshiyuki NOZAKI1978 Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 27-36
Published: June 30, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe overall residence time of elements in the ocean water is controlled by a number of processes. In general, transport processes from source to sink as well as phase transformation within the ocean appear to control their oceanic residence times. Their relative importance depends on the residence time of the element in relation to oceanic mixing time. The dependence of residence times on the source and sink functions are derived using a diffusion-advection-phase transformation model. This model can be used to predict the oceanic response to the various types of source functions of materials; for example, supply of pollutants caused by industrialization. A particular application of the model is made for the distribution of 210Pb. The 210Pb residence time calculated in the surface and subsurface ocean depends on the thickness of the layer, i. e. the size of reservior. This can be best understood in terms of downward transport of the atmospherically derived 210Pb by settling of particles bearing 210Pb. In the deep ocean however, the dependence of 210Pb resideece time on the size of reservior becomes obscure due to in-situ production from 226Ra, possible regeneration of particulate 210Pb originated from the above waters and in-situ scavenging by settling particulate matter. Available data are insufficient to deduce the actual removal mechanisms, and hence to test the validity of several models presented by previous workers for the removal of 210Pb and the related trace metals in the deep sea. Information on age characteristics of reactive radionuclides present in the ocean and leaving out of the ocean should help to clarify them.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K)
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