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Volume 36 (2002)
- Issue 4 Pages 149-
- Issue 3 Pages 109-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
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Volume 36, Issue 4
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Review
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Kohei MATSUMOTO, Kimitaka KAWAMURA, Masao UCHIDA, Yasuyuki SHIBATA2002 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 149-159
Published: December 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of compound specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) has recently been developed. This method includes isolation of individual compounds by preparative capillary gas chromatography, preparation of graphite target for individual compounds, and 14C measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry. Since the first report by Eglinton et al. (1996), this CSRA method has been applied to various geochemical and environmental samples. In this paper, we review the principle and procedures of the new technique and the recent results obtained by the application of CSRA method to geochemical samples. We also discuss the significance and future perspectives of CSRA method in the fields of geochemical and environmental studies. So far, the CSRA method has been applied to marine sediments, oils, soils and atmospheric aerosols. Based on the CSRA studies, different geochemical processes have been discussed including an origin of individual organic compounds, the way microbes use the substrates in sediments, and a longrange atmospheric transport of aged organic compounds from source regions. Although the reports associated with CSRA are still very limited, we suggest that this method would become more important in the future geochemical and environmental studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K)
Original papers
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Yutaka KANAI, Masumi YAMAMURO, Yoshio INOUCHI, Takao TOKUOKA2002 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 161-178
Published: December 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study sedimentation environments and sedimentation rates of Lake Nakaumi, Shimane and Tottori Prefectures, the Pb-210 and Cs-137 radioactivities were measured in 14 cores taken on the September in 1996. The sedimentation rate varied in the range of 0.1-1.9 cm/y. Those of the western and southern areas are larger, because some rivers run into the lake at there. Detrital materials are transported through the Ohhashi river, the Iu (Ou) river and the Iinashi river and deposit near the estuaries. Such a high sedimentation rate is supported by the chemical components such as U and K (Pb-214 and K-40) in the sediments, because they suggest the provenance. The fluxes and inventories of radionuclides that indicate the rate and the amount of accumulation correlated with the sedimentation rates. The inventories of excess Pb-210 and Cs-137 are in good correlation with each other (R=0.87). However the ratios of excess Pb-210 inventory to Cs-137 inventory for the cores of Lake Nakaumi are about 11, between those for the Sea of Japan (about 38) and Lake Shinji (about 5). The sources of radionuclides are supposed to be terrestrial fallout, suspended particles carried from rivers and seawater. Although the terrestrial fallout may be the major source, it is considered that the others are more important in contrast to the case of Lake Shinji.View full abstractDownload PDF (1419K) -
Izumi WATANABE, Motohiko SHINOMIYA, Takashi KUNITO, Shinsuke TANABE, T ...2002 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 179-189
Published: December 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 11, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrace element concentrations (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, W, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi) in the liver, hepatopancreas and muscle of deep sea organisms including myctophid fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods collected from Suruga Bay and off Tohoku in the western North Pacific, Japan, were determined. Tissues and species specific accumulations of trace elements were observed in deep-sea organisms. From the results of comparison between both regions, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba and Hg concentrations in the organisms from western North Pacific were higher than those from Suruga Bay. By contrast, Co and Pb concentrations in the tissues from Suruga Bay were higher than those from western North Pacific. Vanadium, Co, Se, Sr and Ba levels accumulating in the muscle of deep-sea organisms were higher than those of shallow-water fishes collected from Japanese coastal waters, although Cr, Cs, Pb and Bi levels in deep-sea organisms were low. Vanadium, Se, Sr, Ba and Bi concentrations in the organisms might be affectable to habitat levels of these elements. On the other hand, almost all essential elements analyzed in the deep and surface sea organisms were likely to keep the stable levels by homeostasis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1165K)
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