In English, this/that modifying a proper name are typically evaluative or emotional, which is not acceptable in a factual statement. Such use is called affective use. The affective use is also observed in Chinese and Japanese anaphoric demonstratives. In both languages, the proximal demonstratives can be used affectively in dialogues; the demonstratives can occur with a noun phrase to create an exclamatory sentence, which conveys an emotional tone. Furthermore, in Chinese, (i)the distal demonstratives used in cataphora; and (ii)the demonstrative used in an apposition when referring to a single person are also affective.
At least three different chain shifts of finals occurred in the Cāngnán dialect which belongs to the Northern group of Eastern Mǐn dialects. Two were triggered by the influence of the nearby Ōujiāng subgroup of Wú dialects on the Cāngnán dialect. Simultaneously, the Cāngnán dialect underwent some phonological changes parallel to the two chain shifts. The two types of phonological changes should have a mutually reinforcing effect. The remaining one is completely independent of the Ōujiāng subgroup of Wú dialects.