This paper deals with the co-operative sector, in Laidlaw report at Moscow in 1980, and the history of the theme in Canadian school and French school. Laidlaw said that he was not only taught by the co-operative sector advocated Georges Fauquet, but also by ”four ownership types” inspired Moses Coady's view. In short, Laidlaw re-arranged the idea of predecessors ingeniously a la mode, adding his plentiful overseas experiences.

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Worker cooperative is viewed as an important tool that would change basic paradigme of an relation labor and capital, due to Laidlaw Report. While, after thirty years of Report, worker cooperative movement in Japan has achieved several progressive role in a society. However, we need more radical discuss, in cooperative research, on what should be done in a Japanese society to retain workers and civic soverignity. Cooperative sector must cooperate with each other in order to resolve social and economic problems.

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The intent of this paper is to unveil the reason of the growing insurance business of major Consumer Co-operatives, “Seikyo Kyosai”, from the perspective of their business models. They have a distinctive scheme of direct marketing based on the spirit of mutual help to induce their members to buy lower-priced and simple products. They also have a cost advantage of operation over insurance companies through economies of scale, scope and relationship. To adapt environmental change and establish sustainable advantages, commitment to community and involvement of members will be required increasingly as a nonprofit and co-operative organization.

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In a study of agricultural cooperative RPCs(rice-processing complexes)in the Gimjae region of South Korea, we performed an analysis focusing on the issues of profit and distribution in sales to agricultural co-operative vendors, because these issues have a major influence on RPC management. We found that many agricultural co-operative RPCs, including those in the Gimjae region, depend on sales to agricultural co-operative vendors, that there is fierce competition among RPCs, and that it is not easy for individual RPCs to sell as much as they wish. Furthermore, in these transactions with agricultural co-operative vendors, RPCs in rice production areas suffer losses. On the other hand, wholesale(agricultural co-operative grain centers)and retail vendors(Hanaro Mart)always make a sales profit. Sales profits therefore favor wholesale and retail and are unfavorable to RPCs in the production areas. Furthermore, agricultural co-operative in production areas, and their RPCs, focus on sales to agricultural co-operative vendors, and it is difficult for RPCs to make sales at the prices they want. This leads to a situation where it is easy for extreme price-slashing to occur. Responding to this will surely be an important issue from now on.

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This paper describes Sennan consumer’s co-operative as housing supplier which collaborates in house and medical business from viewpoint the social economy. In order to do so, we considered the concept of fiduciary in housing supplier first, and then investigated Sennan consumer’ s cooperative as housing supplier . In conclusion, we have clarified that Sennan consumer’s co- operative is the social enterprise where the corporate behavior in the market and the non-profit character are unified, and Sennan consumer’s co-operative which is recognized as fiduciary by the local community might contribute toward community development .

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