Drug Delivery System

Feature articles “Development of novel vaccine system for infectious disease” Editor : Shinsaku Nakagawa

Development of transcutaneous vaccine formulations based on DDS technology

Kazuhiko Matsuo, Naoki Okada, Shinsaku Nakagawa

2010 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 8-14
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.8

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Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) system utilizing skin immune function is a promising needle-free, easy-to-use, and non-invasive vaccination method instead of conventional injectable vaccination method. For effective TCI system, it is essential to establish the fundamental techniques that antigenic proteins were delivered to antigen-presenting cells in the epidermal layer.
In this review, we give outline of recent research trend about antigenic protein delivery techniques for TCI and introduce our basic and preclinical research about TCI using our original hydrogel patch formulation containing antigenic proteins.

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Development of intranasal influenza vaccine

Takeshi Tanimoto

2010 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.15

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Conventional influenza vaccine has been administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and the objective is focused on the prevention of becoming severe. On the other hand, in case the prevention of infection is emphasized, since the infectious route of influenza virus is mucosa, transmucosal (such as intranasal or oral) route is supposed to be promising. Intranasal route is particularly hopeful since the route is able to decrease the amount of vaccination because of the low risk for denaturation of antigen.

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Development of functional cytokines as novel mucosal vaccine adjuvants

Hiroyuki Kayamuro, Shin-ichi Tsunoda, Yasuo Tsutsumi

2010 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 22-28
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.22

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Mucosal vaccines administered either orally or nasally have been shown to be effective in inducing antigen-specific immune responses at both systemic and mucosal compartments. Because of this two-layered protective immunity, mucosal vaccines are thought to be an ideal strategy for combating both emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. There is, however, no mucosal vaccine to use in human due to the lack of mucosal adjuvant with high efficacy and safety. In this regard, we succeeded in augmentation of protective immunity to viral infection by applying a mutant tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), mTNF-K90R, that exhibits high bioactivity and resistance to proteases as a mucosal vaccine adjuvant.
In this review, we describe about the feasibility of functional cytokines as mucosal vaccine adjuvants in vaccine therapy for infectious diseases.

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Development of CTL-based liposomal vaccines

Tetsuya Uchida

2010 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 29-36
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.29

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The current vaccination strategy is aimed at eliciting neutralizing antibody responses against surface antigens of pathogens. Although antibody-mediated immunity to the surface of antigens reduces the probability of infection and morbidity, an antibody against one virus type or subtype can provide limited or no protection against another. We developed liposome vaccine which is capable of inducing CTL response against internal antigens of influenza viruses and removing virus-infected cells in the host. The CTL-based liposomal vaccine might be applicable for the development of vaccines against influenza and other viruses which frequently changes their surface antigenic molecules.

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Clinical development of malaria vaccine

Takahiro Tougan, Ken Ishii, Toshihiro Horii

2010 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 37-45
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.37

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Malaria is one of the most serious infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite tremendous scientific efforts, an effective malaria vaccine has not yet been realized and remains an elusive goal.
Here, we review recent clinical trials of candidate vaccines including our SE36 malaria vaccine as well as our second generation vaccine which combines CpG adjuvant, that was recently identified to stimulate innate immunity and protective epitopes in SE36 molecule.

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Current topics in AIDS vaccine development

Naofumi Takahashi, Tetsuro Matano

2010 Volume 25 Issue 1 Pages 46-51
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2745/dds.25.46

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Development of an effective AIDS vaccine is essential for control of HIV pandemic. Multiple clinical vaccine trials have failed and the importance of basic studies has now been realized.
This review describes current topics in AIDS vaccine development and summarizes its recent progress.

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