Armauer Hansen(1) in 1869 described the lesions in lymph nodes of leprosy patients. Later, Desikan and Job(2) reported the histological findings of lymph nodes in the leprosy spectrum. However, it was only in 1971 that attempts were made to correlate the immunological status of the patient with the hisological observations in the lymph nodes(3).
Improvement of immunological and various other techniques for morphological investigation has been changing the undestanding of human lymph nodes. Based no cellular components the lymph node is roughly divided into B cell and T cell regions(4). The follicle, a morphologically defined structure, including the primary and secondary follicles, belong to the B cell region, and the paracortical areas or tertiary nodules in T cell region(4).
Application of the PAP method to snap frozen cryostat sections, has made it possible to identity various lymphocyte subsets on tissue sections(5, 6)
Our study, reports the localization of the lymphocyte subsets in sixteen lymph nodes of leproy patients in an attempt to add to the detailed understanding of immunological mechanisms involved in leprosy patients.

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The twice-repeated total survey was carried out in three villages just near to the JAL-MA center, in the suburbs of the city of Agra, U. P. state, India, in the years of 1972, 1973 and after the interval of 12 years, in 1984. The house to house visit was repeated several times to observe all the people of the villages especially to observe the children. The lane and all the houses with their house number were drawn on the village maps which were always referred on visiting. The survey work was completed by the earnest helps of the assistants of the JALMA center.
In the first survey of 1972, two leprosy patients were registered in D-village (Deem kanagara) ; a 65 year old male lepromatous leprosy patient and a 65 year old female tubercu-loid leprosy patient. Further, in P-village (Nagara Pyarelal), also two patients were registered, a 70 year old male lepromatous leprosy patient and a 60 year old female tuberculoid leprosy patient. In the third B-village (Bangus kee ghari) any leprosy patients were not registered. Two patients in D-village were in the relation of cousin brother-sister from father side.
In 1972, the population of the villages was 235, 532 and 80 for D-village, P-village and B-village respectively. The prevalence rate for the villages was 8.5, 3.7 and 0.0 for one thousand population for D-, P- and B-villages respectively. As D- and P-villages seemed to form a local society due to their neighbouring situation in the field, so the prevalence rate for the small local society was calculated as 5.2 for one thousand population.
The value was lower than the value of five villages (16.7) of Ghatampur tahsil in Kan-pur district which is located in the central part of U. P. state. Generally speaking, in U. P. state, the prevalence rate is higher in the northern and eastern districts and lower in the western districts. The result fitted well to the conception for the distribution of the leprosy patient in U. P. state.
In the survey of 1984, it was discovered that all the patients had expired about three or five years before. The population in the second survey was 269, 606 and 163 for D-, P- and B-villages respectively. The rough increase rate was 15 % for D- and P-villages and it was higher to 104 % for B- village. The high value of the rate for B-village was due to total family immigulation to the village. The average increase rate for the rural area of Agra district was 23 % for the period of 1961-1971. The rough increase rate for D- and P-villages was less than the average value. Some grade of population decreasing was noticed in the age group of 0-4 years old in the villages and the influence of the family planning pro-pagation would not be neglected for the phenomenon.
In 1984, twelve years after the first survey, any leprosy patients were not living in the concerned villages and no patients were newly discovered there.

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This report presents a 49 years-old Japanese woman who suffered from acute renal failure after intermittent administration of rifampicin.
Since November 1949, she has been in Japanese National Sanatorium Oshima Seishoen, because she was diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy at April 1949. She was administrated with promin and DDS after the admission to the sanatorium. DDS was discontinued between January 1981 and October 1981, because her bacterial index was kept negative.
At October 1981, exanthema appeared on her face, and diagnosed as relapse of leprosy. Since 2 November 1981, she has been administered with DDS from 50mg to 75mg daily and rifampicin from 150mg to 450mg daily. But rifampicin therapy was stopped 5 times in the period from 2 November 1981 to 16 August 1983, because swelling of extremities and face, face-ache, iritis of left eye and left drop foot developed.
Her bacterial index being kept positive, she was administered with 1350mg (9 capsels) of rifampicin from June to 16 August 1983. An oliguria appeared at 15 August 1983, and at the morning of 16 August, an anuria with high fever, head-ache, nausea and edema on her face appeared suddenly.
Proteinuria and hematuria were observed by urinalysis. The value of s-BUN was 46.7mg/dl and the value of s-creatinine was 5.7mg/dl by biochemical examination. The anuria continuing, she was diagnosed as acute renal failure, and she was sent to Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, Department of urology. Immediately after the admission to Takamatsu Red Cross Hospital, continuous peritoneal dialysis was done.
Total amount of urine become about 500_??_1200ml daily and renal function was improved gradually at October 1983. The humoral and cell mediated immunities were examined at August 1983, and all of the data were within normal values. Renal open biopsy specimen was taken at 2 November 1983. Proliferation of the renal mesangial and endothelial cells and increase of the mesangial matrix were observed sligtly. Remarkable necrosis was observed in the tubulal epithelial cells by electron microscopic examination. Fibronecten was positive as diffuse mesagial granular pattern, but IgG, IgM, IgA or complements were not found by immunofluorescent examination.
According to the clinical course, laboratory data and histopathological findings, it wasconsidered that the acute renal failure was induced by ntermittent rifampicin therapy.

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Five patients with lepromatous leprosy who have been admitted to Suruga Leprosarium and treated for more than thirty years were clinically suspected as drug resitant.
They have been treated with promin, followed by dapsone for a long term. Rifampicin (RFP) was used for three patients after they were clinically suspected of dapsone resistance.
Bacillary specimens obtaind from these patients were examined at the Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University and the Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Hiroshima University.
The experimental results have shown that four cases out of five were strong degree dapsone resistant and one case was moderate degre resistant. urthermore two of three cases who were treated with RFP have been confirmed to be both dapsone and RFP resistant.

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