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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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To clarify the pattern of dry matter translocation from stover to grain during grain filling stage, a comparative study was carried out with japonica, indica and hybrid rice varieties in the paddy field in Nagano Prefecture. The amount of potentially translocationable matter was estimated from cellular contents (CC) obtained by enzymatic degradation analysis. In the hybrid and indica varieties, the rates of translocation from stover to grain were higher in the late stage of grain filling than that of the japonica variety. On the other hand, in the japonica variety, the rate was higher in the early stage than that in the late stage. The percentages of translocated matter from stover to total grain yield in the indica and hybrid varieties were significantly higher than that in the japonica variety. The dry matter translocation from stover to grain was affected by the balance between source and sink sizes. In the late stage of grain filling, the rate of grain filling was mainly influenced by the rate of dry matter translocation from stover.

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Cytokinin (t-ZR) content in the bleeding sap of paddy rice cv. Koshihikari was analyzed using ELISA method. The water temperature for agricultural use in Ina and Nyuzen was low compared with other area. t-ZR content in the bleeding sap of rice grown at the area of water outlet was higher than other value of water inlet area. This result was shown both in case of Nyuzen and Ina field. There was no significant difference in cytokinin content at the heading stage among no-phosphorus plot, non-potash plot and three major nutrients plot.

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Rb absorption rate from the soil layer was measured as an index indicating physiological root activities of rice. Ten ml of 0.4% gelatin containing Rb (40mg/ml) was placed in the soil layer 5cm below soil surface at the center of two hills or 20cm under the hill to estimate physiological root activities. Rb absorption rate in Nyuzen field was larger than that in common field in Neagari. Physiological root activity of rice grown in the former field was estimated to be higher than that in the latter. There was a significant negative correlation between Rb absorption rate from the soil layer 20cm below a hill and 1000-grain weight.

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Chinese indica cultivar "Hu Nang Zao" was found to have a dominant gene, which promotes regeneration of plants from calli. To apply advanced bio-technology to rice cultivar "Koshihikari", which is one of the best cooking quality cultivar with low regeneration ability, 19 putative isogenic lines derived from back-crossed progenies of "Koshihikari" and "Hu Nang Zao" were observed in field. Based on the evaluation of growth characters, yield and cooking quality, 3 lines were selected as promising candidates for isogenic lines of "Koshihkari".

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[in Japanese]

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Effect of gypsum (calcium sulfate) application on the root growth, yield and yield components of field grown soybean cv. Enrei was discussed. Three fields with different gypsum application were used in this experiment. There was no significant difference in the grain yield among the fields. The sum dry weight of fiber roots and branch roots per 1-m ridge in a consecutive three-year gypsum application plot was significantly larger than those of other plots.

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Effect of water stress during the flowering period on the yielding process from fertilization to ripening was investigated in common buckwheat variety Shinano No.1. Strength of water stress was evaluated by crop water stress index (CWSI). Fertilization percentage was not affected by water stress. Seed-set percentage and ripened-seeds percentage declined under stressed conditions, however, the rates were not correlated with CWSI. The number of ripened-seeds (R) declined when the number of set seeds (S) exceeded a certain level in control plot, suggesting that R was limited by the amount of photosynthate, while R in stressed plots was not limited due to the limited S.

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Antioxidant activity of Tartary buckwheat flour was evaluated by chemiluminescence (CL) using the H_2O_2-acetaldehyde system. Various flour fractions were obtained through a set of sieves with different pore size. Radical scavenging activity was evaluated by CL intensities. The scavenging activity in flour through smaller pore size was higher than that in flours through larger pore size. There was a significant correlation between the scavenging activity and rutin content in flour (r=-0.978, p<0.01). It was suggested that polyphenols and other compounds could have an important role for radical scavenging activity in Tartary buckwheat flour.

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"JN358" is a new sorghum selfed line developed in 2001 at Nagano Animal Industry Experiment Station. It was derived from the cross between "F_6-3A-5" and "74LH3213" by the pedigree method. "F_6-3A-5" is a homozygote retaining bmr-18 (brown midrib-18) and bm (bloomless) genes, which was released at National Grassland Research Institute. "JN358" belongs to the extremely early maturing group. It is a homozygous bmr-18, therefore its digestibility of stover is higher than "Senkinshiro" without bmr-18 gene. Furthermore, the superior characteristics of this line are combining abilities for yield, lodging resistance and disease resistance.

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"Akidachi" is a new sorghum variety developed in 2001 at Nagano Animal Industry Experiment Station. It is a hybrid variety from the cross between "Nakei MS-3A" and "JN358". Seed parent "Nakei MS-3A" is a homozygote retaining bmr-18 (brown midrib-18) and bm (bloomless) genes, which was released at National Grassland Research Institute. Pollen parent "JN358" which is a homozygote retaining bmr-18 gene was derived from the cross between "F_6-3A-5" and "74LH3213" by the pedigree method at Nagano Animal Industry Experiment Station. "Akidachi" belongs to the sorgo type, which is in the late maturing group in sorghum. "Akidachi" has several good characteristics such as high digestibility and palatability of silage, lodging resistance. In addition, it has high yielding ability considering bmr-18 gene.

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[in Japanese]

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