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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In the present paper, effects of foliar application fertilizer containing 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA fertilizer) on the percentage of ripened grains in direct-sowing rice plants were examined. The concentration and application volume of 5-ALA fertilizer in this experiment were 2000-fold solution and 200l per 10a, respectively. As a result, when the 5-ALA fertilizer was sprayed at the heading stage of cvs. Koshihikari and Tenkomori, the promotive effect on the yield increase of grains was found in both the cultivars tested. The yield increase amount of grains per 10a were about 120kg in cv. Koshihikari and 140kg in cv. Tenkomori. The high yielding effects were at least in part supported by the increasing of grain filling in inferior grains and superior ones. This was especially observed in inferior grains. From the results obtained in this research, the application of foliar application fertilizer containing 5-ALA was very useful in achieving high yield of direct-sowing rice plants.

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This experiment was carried out to clarify the effects of woody compost on the growth and yield in paddy rice 'Koshihikari' compared with the use of cattle manure. From the results of field test, the yield of the drift-woody plot decreased slightly compared with the plot that used cattle manure. However, the yield of the drift-woody plot was high compared with neighboring areas. Furthermore, there were no differences between the drift-woody plot and the cattle manure plot, except the percentage of whole grain and damaged grain. From these result, it is possible to use drift-woody compost as an autumn manuring method as much as cattle manure for paddy rice.

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The effects of temperature and humidity during the flowering period on spikelet fertility in japonica rice cultivar "Nipponbare" were investigated. Under high humidity at 35℃, spikelet fertility was reduced sharply. At 37.5℃, spikelet fertility, the number of pollen grains on the stigma and transpiration per spikelet were reduced with increasing relative humidity. Taking into account the cooling effect, we estimated the critical temperatures for induction of spikelet sterility and complete sterility in each relative humidity tested.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Simple estimation of water imbibition, especially water infiltration into cotyledon tissues, in soybean seeds was attempted using yellow-seeded cultivars Ginrei and Enrei. No significant differences in water absorption rate were found between the cultivars. In both cultivars, the amount of water evaporated from soaked seed during the drying treatment after soaking increased during the initial imbibition but decreased significantly when soaked for longer than 180min despite continued water absorption. The decrease of evaporation from soaked seeds is presumed to be due to lowered evaporating potential of water in a seed resulting from the water infiltration from seed-surface tissues into cotyledon tissues. Investigating water evaporation from soaked seeds was suggested to be a possible and simple method to estimate varietal difference in the speed of water infiltration into cotyledon of soybean seed, which is difficult to directly observe.

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[in Japanese]

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Effects of calcium sulfate (gypsum) application with deep and side application of fertilizer on growth and yield in soybean cv. Enrei were discussed. There were no significant differences on growth and yield between deep and side application of fertilizer and control cultivation. One hundred of grains weight and yield were increased by gypsum application with deep and side application of fertilizer compared to control cultivation. It was suggested that gypsum application is effective for growth and yield of soybean.

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A hard soil showed 1.85g/cm^3 of soil density was prepared using an oil-pressure machine compared to a soft soil one. Treatment involved digging a ditch in a v-shape in hard soil, and a gypsum application was used on the root system. Root growth decreased in the compacted hard soil, yet, the tap root dry weight increased in the hard soil that used v-shape grooving rather than in the hard soil. Root dry weight increased more by the gypsum application of 100kg/10a under hard soil conditions.

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In direct sowing culture, higher total pod numbers and seed yield and lower rate of marketable good yield of green soybean cultivar 'Niigatachamame' were observed in dense planting than in normal planting. On the other hand, a significant increase in good yield marketable green soybeans was observed in the plots of transplanting culture and direct sowing culture with 6.9 and 8.3 plants m^<-2> were grown. It was suggested that the high marketable good yield of direct sown green soybeans was obtained in proper planting density.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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We compared the responses to barley scald between a seedling test and field test using F_2 population and doubled haploid lines. In F_2 population, 15 out of 198 individuals were different to responses between both tests. On the other hand, all doubled haploid lines had the same response. These results suggested that selection of resistance in early generation using only a seedling test were not enough.

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The evaluation test of agronomic traits for 16 breeding lines of rye, which were bred in Shinshu University, was carried out. The new breeding lines were selected based on early maturity, short culm and number of tillers since 2005. Culm length of the 16 breeding lines were shorter than standard variety 'SUR-4' and the 2 commercial varieties, 'raitaro' and 'kingraimugi'. The number of tillers of 16 breeding lines increased compared with the standard variety 'SUR-4' and 2 commercial varieties. Furthermore, maturity of 16 breeding lines occurred later than the standard variety 'SUR-4'. However, these were 0-5 days earlier than the 2 commercial varieties. The Lodging resistance of selected lines was not clear. These facts suggest that it is possible to breed the rye which has early maturity, short culm and an increased number of tillers.

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The extremely early rye lines (SUR-1〜4) bred using 4 commercial varieties from 2005 were evaluated 2 times from 2008 to 2010. Average heading dates and lodging index were almost the same as commercial rye, 'Raitaro' throughout the 2 times. The dry yield of 'SUR-1' and 'SUR-3' in each year increased compared with 'Raitaro'. From these evaluation test, 'SUR-1' and 'SUR-3', were found to be useful as a commercial variety in semi-cold highlands.

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To obtain the basic knowledge of early growth in sorghum, we investigated the variation of early plant length using two F_2 populations, which were crossed by one maintainer 'NakeiMS-3B' and two Kaoliang varieties. These Kaoliang varieties had the same maturity but a different culm length. The plant length was measured three times at 32 days, 46 days, and 59 days after sowing. There were no differences in the frequency distribution of plant length at 32 days after sowing among two populations. On the other hand, the frequency distribution of two populations at 46 days after sowing was different in the point of width and peak. These results suggested that it is suitable to compare early growth between different populations at about 30-days after sowing.

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Genetic analysis of the degree of spikelet regression in sorghum was carried out using two populations, which were derived from 'MS21. R.S. 3048A: seed parent, the occurrence of the spikelet regression is remarkable', 'MS184. Tx624A: seed parent, the occurrence of the spikelet regression is slight' and pollen parent: F_1 hybrid of 'MS184. Tx624B×MS21. R.S. 3048B'. In the population of 'MS184. Tx624A×(MS184. Tx624B×MS21. R.S. 3048B)', the occurrence of spikelet regression was slight. On the other hand, in the population of 'MS21. R.S. 3048A×(MS184. Tx624B×MS21. R.S. 3048B)', occurrence was above 50%: occurrence under 50% was fitted to 1:1. From these results, it was thought that a recessive gene almost controlled the degree of spikelet regression.

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To clarify the harvest stage on genetic analysis of high sugar content, this examination was carried out using the F_2 and F_3 populations derived from NakeiMS-3B (low sugar content line)×SIL-05 (high sugar content line) for two years. The frequency distribution of the F_2 population harvested all at once in 2008 was not normal distribution. On the other hand, the F_2 and F_3 population harvested at dough-ripe stage in 2009 was normal distribution. The difference of frequency distribution between 2008 and 2009 was the effect of the low brix in early maturity plants in 2008. From these results, in the case of carrying out genetic analysis of sugar content using Brix, it is necessary to harvest considered the growth stage.

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The generation of club root disease was reduced using green manure. The cabbage of a green manure plot was heavier than compared to a continuous cropping plot along with the difference of the attack extent of the club root disease. From the results obtained, prevention of club root disease by the use of green manure (without agricultural chemicals) was observed.

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[in Japanese]

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Effects of light irradiation intensity and hour on flower-bud formation were investigated by fluorescent lamps to develop the flowering control technique on breeding of water spinach. Short-day treatment and PPFD 200μmol m^<-2>s^<-1> promoted flower-bud formation. Flowering was observed at 28 days after 10 hours irradiation per day and PPFD 200μmol m^<-2>s^<-1> treatments.

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