Sustainable diets are food patterns that can be practised as a climate mitigation strategy. Using a bibliometric approach, a sample of 133 papers was selected from 1239 identified articles on “Sustainable diets” and “Climate change” or “climate” or “mitigation” as the query from the Scopus database. The articles were examined to identify the growth and characteristics of this body of knowledge. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel for frequency analysis, VOSviewer for the visualisation of data, and Harzing’s Publish or Perish for citation metrics analysis. The first publication was in 2009, and the number of publications increased rapidly after that. Eighty-five percent of the publications appeared between 2019 and 2023. The United States was the highest contributor of publications, followed by the United Kingdom. The most common keyword used was sustainable diets, and the most prevalent theme was “climate change.” We conducted a thematic literature review by analysing the clusters of keywords listed by the VOSviewer. Based on the pentagram sustainability model, we identified four emergent themes: “environmental dimension of sustainability in dietary choices for climate mitigation”, “economic aspect of adopting a sustainable diet”, “policy pathways for climate mitigation through sustainable diet promotion”, and “the social dynamics in promoting sustainable diet”. The cultural dimension of sustainability was found to be still lacking in studies involving sustainable diets as a climate mitigation strategy. The findings suggest future studies should recognise the cultural underpinnings of promoting a sustainable diet as a climate mitigation strategy.

The current patterns of urbanization across the globe are characterized by rapid growth and development scenarios, often resulting in deteriorated urban environments. With the growing urban population, the pressure on infrastructure and services is elevated, resulting in stress on natural systems and poor health and well-being of citizens. In response to these challenges, the researchers are exploring approaches for urban planning leading to sustainable urban futures. The ecosystem's approach to urban planning was once such a concept, creating cities with high-quality urban life by managing the dynamics between social, economic, and environmental systems. Thus, a systematic literature review of 105 research papers using the PRISMA methodology to identify the most pertinent themes for applying the ecosystems approach in urban planning is conducted. In addition, a bibliometric analysis from 2007 to 2021 is performed using a VOS viewer to analyse the literature trends graphically. The articles were identified from the Scopus database, and the annual research publications trends, contributing countries, and the collaboration of keywords were retrieved. The review identifies three key themes: ecosystem services, socio-ecological systems, and biodiversity, forming the basis for applying the ecosystems approach in urban planning to strengthen sustainable city development.

Small islands have unique ecosystems and are vulnerable to land degradation and ecological threats. Integrating spatial and landscape ecology approaches greatly influences the effectiveness and efficiency of environmental monitoring and future environmental management planning. Uncontrolled land conversion, extreme climate conditions, high biophysical land constraints, and anthropogenic and political factors contribute to biodiversity pressures. This study aimed to measure the impact of land use and land cover changes on the LST, NDVI, and NDWI as well as changes in landscape patterns and structures for environmental monitoring and ecological sustainability on Kapota Island. The LST values in 1990 ranged from 21.50°C to 25.40°C, and from 22.63°C to 32.56°C in 2020. In contrast, the NDVI values in 1990 ranged from -0.765 to 0.754 and from -0.241 to 0.514 in 2020. The surface temperature increased in vegetated areas with low density, as well as in non-vegetated areas and settlements. Habitat fragmentation was relatively high, as indicated by the SHDI value closer to 1. Moving forward, future research should delve deeper into the specific drivers of biodiversity pressures, including uncontrolled land conversion, extreme climate conditions, biophysical constraints, and anthropogenic and political factors. Moreover, efforts should be directed toward maintaining a green cover exceeding 30%, enhancing vegetation density, minimizing land-clearing activities, and encouraging the cultivation of crops with good water storage capabilities. This research lays the foundation for a more nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics at play on small islands and sets the stage for informed conservation and management strategies.

This paper examines the potential of emerging immersive technologies like the Metaverse to promote the Silk Road cultural heritage within the framework of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The ancient Silk Roads facilitated vibrant pan-Eurasian exchange for over 1500 years, catalyzing early globalization. Modern connectivity initiatives like China's BRI focus extensively on infrastructure to revive these cultural linkages that defined the historic Silk Roads. However, realizing the tourism and developmental potential of the intercultural legacy tied to architectural sites, motifs, cuisine, beliefs, and artistic traditions diffused along these historic routes faces contemporary challenges around preservation, geopolitics, site deterioration, costs, uneven access, and cultural homogenization. This study explores the implications of Metaverse in revitalizing this heritage in situ and through digital channels. The paper provides a multi-disciplinary approach to aligning digital revitalization plans around the Metaverse for the future that reconnect modern societies with ancient linkages via immersive storytelling of the Silk Roads.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the most popular method in the transportation sector to decarbonize and reduce local air pollution. Due to urbanization and policy support, small and medium-sized cities have become favourable markets for promoting EVs. However, current research focuses on large cities and ignores the potential of small and medium-sized cities. This study aims to fill the existing knowledge gap by focusing on the medium-sized urban area of Luoyang. Using exploratory factor analysis, the study attempts to identify and examine the key factors that drive consumer motivation to purchase EVs in this specific city. The results show that the strongest influencing factor on purchase intention is the economic aspect, followed by EV attributes, satisfaction, and environmental awareness. Furthermore, the analysis of individual characteristics shows that the younger population and consumers with previous experience of driving electric cars have higher purchase intention. This study emphasizes the need to consider the safety and convenience of electric vehicles in addition to their economic attributes. It underscores the need to create a level playing field for EVs and to develop strategies that address the characteristics and interests of mainstream EV customers, ultimately promoting their widespread adoption.

Industrial heritage is a relic of industrial civilisation, and unlike other historical and cultural heritage, it has industrial properties. The value of mining and the promotion of industrial heritage are important for the promotion of a city's cultural status and the preservation of its historical features. However, the current situation is that the level of importance and protection of industrial heritage varies from country to country, and there is a lot of room for value extraction and improvement behind it. It is necessary to assess the value of industrial heritage. In order to assess the value of industrial heritage, it is necessary to select corresponding criteria. According to the sorting out of relevant standards, this paper proposes a standard value matrix for urban industrial heritage, including eight dimensions—history, art, society, culture, science and technology, economy, environment, and function—and establishes an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model of industrial heritage value assessment to evaluate the value of industrial heritage. The model is applied to the value assessment of the industrial heritage of Mawei Shipbuilding in Fuzhou, and the value convergence of relevant industrial heritage is found, so as to carry out classification analysis and implement corresponding suggestions for value improvement according to different types, which is expected to contribute to its protection and reuse.

Vegetation dynamic in river basins is significantly considered in environmental studies. However, the relationship between urbanization, vegetation change, and its driving factors are still lacking a connection in the previous study. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of urban development on vegetation dynamics in the Tama River from 1990 to 2021 to enable future planning. In this study, vegetation dynamics were quantified with the Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to provide information on the vegetation quality in the area. The regional climate and surface land uses were analyzed to determine the intensity of urban development. Regional Climate in spatial analysis can be computed with Land Surface Temperature (LST), whereas the surface conditions can be computed using Land Use Classification. The results showed that from 1990 to 2021, the NDVI trend continued to increase, whereas LST decreased. Furthermore, a positive and negative correlation was found between LST and NDVI in the Tama River Basin. This shows that changes in LST and NDVI are also influenced by other factors, such as seasonal change and socioeconomic factors. The overall vegetation trend shows an increasing trend in all seasons. This study's findings prove that the Tama River environmental management plan is a good example of a functional river rehabilitation plan. Thus, it is important to understand the spatial and temporal development of vegetation coverage and anticipate future patterns while comprehending climate shifts. This study will also provide recommendation recommendations for effective urban planning alongside rivers.

South Aceh and Southwest Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia, have been known since the 17th century as the best nutmeg production areas in the world. However, this area has no legally declared Geographical Indication (GI) for nutmeg. As a result, the world has yet to recognise this fact because there is no acknowledgment, and it is not recorded in the form of regional intellectual property rights, known as GIs. This paper analyses the requirements and the allocation areas based on the suitability and spatial planning of South Aceh Regency and Southwest Aceh Regency for GI determination for nutmeg. Land suitability and spatial planning, field data collection for existing nutmeg plants, and geographic information system analysis were employed for GI determination. The results show that the proposed GIs of Tapaktuan-Blangpidie nutmeg have actual land suitability as suitable, moderately suitable, and marginally suitable. The area is ideal with a small proportion being moderately suitable. From the spatial planning point of view, the proposed GI coverage is 69,469.21 hectares. The location of the nutmeg plants in Southwest Aceh Regency occupies 27.71% of Tapaktuan-Blangpidie's proposed GI area for nutmeg. The proposed GI nutmeg area matches 6.69% of the spatial pattern of South Aceh Regency and Southwest Aceh Regency. The determination of GIs of Tapaktuan-Blangpidie nutmeg is biophysical, and spatial planning is appropriate to fulfil the requirements for GIs of the area. The approach for determining GIs using land suitability and spatial planning of the regencies has shown the determination of potential GIs for the area.

Urban vegetation is an effective urban feature to protect citizens from urban warming. The aim of this study is to assess the temperature in the urban ‘cooling islands’ in Tashkent, Uzbekistan to keep them cool in summer. The area of the tree canopy, planting density, spatial structures and microclimatic data were observed in 30 green zones over three summer months to determine their thermal overheating. The observed data was then compared with the daily weather forecasts. The results show that while large tree canopies are crucial for maintaining a cool microclimate through shading, small shrubs, and lawns, which are popular in local landscaping, are not effective. Planting density is weakly related to a cool microclimate in green spaces. The best cooling results are achieved when the tree canopy shades more than 75% of the area. These results provide new insights for the development of more sustainable strategies and standards for the design and maintenance of cool green spaces in Tashkent and other Central Asian cities with similar climates.

In spatial econometrics, traditional spatial weight matrix (SWM) methods often fail to capture the complex spatial dynamics of large cities. This study optimizes SWM calculations within spatial econometric models, constructing Graph- Based Spatial Weight Matrices (GBSWM) through the Simple Shortest Path Algorithm by analyzing urban road networks, thereby capturing the intricate spatial relationships within the city. The methodology compares the performance of GBSWM with traditional Simple Distanced Spatial Weight Matrices (SDSWM) using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models. The results show that GBSWM significantly outperforms SDSWM in predicting minor crime events (e.g., 'summonses') in New York City. Improved p-values, Pseudo R-squared values, and model accuracy matrices attest to the improved predictive accuracy of GBSWM. These findings demonstrate the superior capability of GBSWM in capturing complex spatial relationships and interactions within urban settings. The integration of graph theory into spatial econometrics represents a theoretical and methodological advancement. The findings of this study are essential for improving the calculation of spatial weigh matrices, providing a more accurate tool for prediction and analysis in spatial econometric models. This result emphasizes the potential of applying graph methods in spatial econometrics, paving the way for implementing more detailed and practical urban spatial analysis.

A public space is an area that accommodates all the activities of city residents, both individually and in groups, and should be utilised optimally as a responsive, democratic, and meaningful space. Limited public space can pose a problem; thus, it is necessary to develop new public spaces to accommodate all community activities and needs. This research aims to analyse the forms of public space development for medium cities in Indonesia, with Palu City as the case study. The study employed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) methods to determine urban public spaces’ form and development using existing criteria and alternative potential spaces. The AHP method in this research is designed to calculate the criteria weights. Meanwhile, after the criteria weights were obtained, the COPRAS method was utilised to determine the best alternative from several existing alternatives. The study results indicated that the post-liquefaction area (memorial park) in the Balaroa sub-district can serve as a potential alternative for developing the public space. The development of public space in Palu city in selected locations based on AHP-COPRAS analysis was directed by a green design approach and local wisdom (genius loci). The expected impact of this design approach is to produce a better living environment that can support ecological and socio-cultural and provide economic benefits (welfare) for the surrounding community.

Some urban megaprojects are framed as a strategic move to achieve broader economic benefits. Project proponents often claim that adverse socio-environmental effects are mitigated accordingly and that all aspects of sustainability are integrated successfully. Using a case study of the Bali Mandara highway, this study drew upon the politics of scale to investigate multiple frames of these effects and mitigation efforts on various scales (and levels). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and secondary data sources were collected to explore and examine the variety and mix of the scale frames representing all sustainability aspects. Words and phrases related to scale-related issues were identified and tracked in the development phases (i.e., pre-construction, construction, and usage). The study shows that different stakeholders used specific preferred scale types to frame the effects and mitigation efforts, and these frames evolved throughout the project phases. Our findings substantiate that limited scale choices can occur from a lack of open process, resulting in a limited representation of all scale-related issues affecting the sustainability of the highway project development. This paper adds insights into the use of scale to explore the broad effects of urban megaprojects and calls for more transparent and accountable impact audits.

A city experiences a process of development and change, both physical and non-physical. Makassar grew through a long historical process and as a colonial trading base in eastern Indonesia in the past. At present, Makassar is growing as a metropolitan city with various complex urban problems, resulting in the emergence of threats to historical values. This study aims to identify the development characteristics of Makassar City from pre-colonial to modern times. The study was conducted through a literature study, observation, and interview. The study results show that the historical development of Makassar City has undergone a long transformation since the 17th century, which consists of three essential phases: the kingdom era (traditional city/kingdom city); the colonialism era (colonial city/fort city); and the development of Makassar towards a modern city after Indonesia's independence. After the collapse of the Gowa Kingdom, Makassar City grew from a colonial city formed around Fort Rotterdam, which grew from the Vlaardingen and Melayu villages in the northern part of Fort Rotterdam and Kampung Baru in the southern part of the fort. Unfortunately, the development of Makassar to become a world city has blurred the image of Makassar as a historical city, where historical sites are neglected and even displaced by the hegemony of urban development and trade areas. Therefore, a sustainable urban development strategy is needed by integrating the preservation of cultural heritage with the management of trade areas based on local wisdom. The findings of this study can provide information about the characteristics of the development of Makassar City from era to era and describe the impact of urban development on historical values and changes in urban spatial planning patterns, as well as provide input for city planners and a consideration for local governments in developing Makassar City that accommodates historical values and sustainability in the future.

The concept of sustainable tourism governance is needed to maintain economic, environmental, and socio-cultural balance. This tourism condition promotes capacity building and community leadership programs, manifests collaboration between stakeholders, safeguards cultural heritage, protects the environment, improves public welfare, and maintains social cohesion. According to previous research, the analysis of sustainable tourism is globally leading to a holistic approach, which recognizes broader sociocultural, economic, and political aspects. It also recognizes the critical success factors involved in developing sustainable destinations through effective governance. As a traditional settlement typical of the Batak Toba tribe, Huta Siallagan has been revitalized to maintain the physical aspects related to culture and beautification efforts. Therefore, this study aimed to review the governance process and the dynamics encountered by stakeholders during revitalization, using qualitative thematic analysis methods. Based on the results, the lack of equitable distribution and integration of tourism was the consequence of the revitalization process unequally carried out in Huta and its surroundings. This proved that the sustainable aspects of Huta Siallagan governance need to maintain the Huta autonomy and inclusiveness in a balanced pattern.

Coastal areas and their communities are one of the most vulnerable components of urban existence. The balance of the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural sectors is crucial to maintain their sustainability. This research focuses on assessing the level of sustainability of a coastal area, namely Kampung Sentra Bandeng Semarang, and its influence on the community's current economic activities. Data from field observations, interviews with the community, and secondary sources are components of this analysis. The Circles of Coastal Sustainability (CCS) method was used to assess the sustainability conditions at the study site. As a result, environmental and economic aspects are aspects that need special handling for future regional planning programs. There are many sustainability indicators that still need to be improved, especially in handling tidal flooding and land subsidence.