Objective: This study aimed to determine the interviewing skills of public health nurses during health examinations of children aged 1 year and 6 months.

Methods: Municipal public health nurses with extensive experience in maternal and child health care were interviewed. The focus and points to be considered while conducting the interview were on the parent and child. Qualitative descriptive methods were used for the analysis.

Results: Participants included nine public health nurses employed in local government, with an average experience of 23.0 years (SD=6.5). Of these 23.0 years, they spent 19.8 years (SD=5.4) in the maternal and child healthcare field. Healthcare workers’ interviewing skills for parents of children aged 1 year and 6 months who visited for health checkups comprised eight main categories and 31 subcategories: (1) identifying information that requires more detailed questioning through the first impression and information in the questionnaire and (2) determining the extent of information that is required about the health issues based on the mother’s facial expressions and tone and orienting their responses after the interview.

Discussion: The public health nurses’ interview skills focused on creating an opportunity for involvement and offering advice that would provide support, promote awareness about the mothers’ issues through conversation, especially for those requiring continued support, identify the line to enter through the interview, and direct them to the next stage of individualized health guidance.

Purpose: As more people quit work to take care of family members, it has become urgent to construct a support system so that they can continue their outside work. To meet that necessity for a system, this study clarifies the relation of working caregivers’ conflicts between work and family roles and clarifies their intentions to continue working.

Methods: This study examined 3,000 working caregivers. Anonymous, self-administered questionnaires were sent by mail. Analyzable questionnaires were returned by 696 respondents (response rate 23.2%). The questionnaire asked respondents about their basic attributes, jobs, work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW) using a Japanese version of the work-family conflict (WFC) scale, and their intentions to resign, change jobs, change employment status.

Results: The average respondent age was 57.2 (SD8.8) years; 79.3% were women. Those who intended to resign, change jobs, or change employment status were, respectively, 36.2%, 24.4%, and 41.4%. Logistic regression analysis results indicated that the group of respondents with higher WIF was more likely to have intentions to resign (OR=1.57，95%CI=1.09-2.27) , change jobs (OR=2.25，95%CI=1.47-3.45), or change employment status (OR=2.84，95%CI=1.97-4.10) compared to the group with lower WIF. The group of respondents with higher FIW was more likely to have those intentions than the group with lower FIW (OR=1.52，95%CI=1.06-2.17: OR=2.37，95%CI=1.57-3.58: OR=2.14，95%CI=1.51-3.04).

Discussion: Results suggest that working caregivers with high WFC intended to resign from their jobs, suggesting difficulties with continued working.

Objectives: To elucidate the characteristics of the local activities of nurses at community comprehensive support centers.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews of six nurses engaged in local activities at a contractor-style community comprehensive support center, followed by a qualitative descriptive analysis.

Results: From the analysis, we were able to derive seven categories: [Looking for a way of life that is suitable for residents], [Creating an environment in which the problems of residents are noticed quickly], [Searching for people and places that can solve the problems of residents], [Building resources for the continuation of living at home with multiple types of professions], [Considering initiatives for local problems together with residents], [Creating opportunities for fellow residents to support each other], and [Supporting resident activities related to preventative care].

Observations: Starting from the support needs of individual cases, community comprehensive support center nurses were raising awareness and collaborating with residents and related occupations while promoting the development of communities that allow patients to live at home in their ideal way. As they dealt with each unique case, the nurses recognized the need to support the community as a whole. Differences in people’s experiences and environments, however, suggests the need to create a framework for understanding the perspective of local activities.

Objective: We explored and clarified assessment perspectives for municipal public health nurses to determine “parents and children of concern” who need support in preventing child maltreatment, and to obtain suggestions for maternal and child health care activities.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 municipal public health nurses with at least 9 years of experience and at least 5 years of experience in maternal and child health in a municipality in prefecture A. Data were analyzed qualitatively inductively with reference to the content analysis in Berelson B.

Results: 18categories were formed as assessment perspectives, which could be classified into three perspectives for mothers, children, and fathers depending on the subject assessed. For the mothers, there were 12 categories, including clumsiness, ambiguity, and violent behavior when interacting with others. For the fathers, there were 2 categories, including uncooperative behavior in housework and childcare. For the children, there were 4 categories, including difficulty in interacting with others and a sense of distance from other children. The Scott,W.A. formula was confirmed to ensure the reliability of the categories.

Discussion: The researchers considered the assessment perspectives of mothers in terms of their own condition, and of fathers in terms of the fathers’ condition inferred from the mothers’ statements, involvement with their children, and lifestyle, of children in terms of their own condition. In addition, their assessment perspectives were characterized by the fact that they created their own internal “standards” through their experiences with parents and children, and made intuitive judgments in light of these standards.