Objective: The objective was to reveal the outline of elderly males’ participation in social activities and to discuss ways of support to help participation.

Method: An anonymous questionnaire survey of elderly males living in the city of A was conducted. The analysis focused on the relationship between the lower factors, which were selected through factor analysis, and personal aspects, physical and mental aspects, aspects of life, or social aspects.

Results: The questionnaires were distributed to 980 elderly males: 416 of them were selected as subjects of analysis. Three factors, “Interacting with locals”, “Personal amusement”, and “Continued learning”, were selected through the factor analysis of the question about social activities. The items showed the important relation with all the factors were “economic affordability”, “confidence in walking”, “Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology index of competence”, and “Community Commitment Scale”. The items showed the relation of “Interacting with locals” only to be people with no disease and the advanced elderly. The item which showed a relationship only with “Personal amusement” was the young elderly.

Discussion: In order to facilitate elderly males’ participate in community services, mobility support, using ICT, and support for prevention of frailty would be effective. To help their continuous participation in social activities, supporting all generations’ participation in the activity, “Interacting with locals” would also be effective.

Objective: To clarify the concept of employee health literacy and to obtain suggestions for improving employee health literacy among occupational health nurses.

Method: A concept analysis was conducted using Rodgers’ evolutionary method in which 25 articles (23 Japanese, 2 English) published between 2008 and 2021 were analyzed.

Results: The following six attributes were identified: Utilizing health examinations as understandable and effective health information; Understanding the health of current workers by linking work and family; Practicing behaviors that harmonize health, work, and family; Obtaining support from internal and external experts; Getting help from partners and colleagues; and Contributing to the health promotion of colleagues; Furthermore, six antecedent factors and three consequences were identified.

Discussion: Employee health literacy entails using health examination results as effective health information, promoting understanding of one’s own health by linking work and family, and creating harmony among health, work and family. It is a feasible practice of healthy behavior implemented with the support of experts, colleagues and partners inside and outside the workplace. As a result, it contributes to the improved health of colleagues. In so doing, we improve the self-care ability of individual workers, improve their health, and promote healthy workplaces, to create healthier organizations and companies. Thus, in supporting occupational health nursing, it is important to utilize the opportunity for the health examination and promote the resolution of issues through labor-management collaboration.

Objective: This review clarifies the violence type, research design, and factors associated with violent victimization of adults with severe mental illness (SMI) living in a community in foreign countries and obtains suggestions for future activities of Japanese public health nurses (PHNs) and research issues.

Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL in September 2021 with keywords related to adults with SMI and victimization. Based on the quality evaluation of studies, we screened studies, had published since 2015, that have collected empirical data on violent victimization of adults with SMI in a community. We summarized details of the 15 studies in a table to synthesize the characteristics descriptively.

Results: Physical, sexual, and psychological violence were addressed in almost all of the studies, while fewer studies addressed financial exploitation, neglect, violence from family members, and community violence. The factors associated with overall violent victimization and violence from family members were consistent with previous reviews while refraining from reporting victimization, female gender, and non-employment were new findings. As study design, cross-sectionals, cohorts, and randomized control trials, and a qualitative study were employed.

Discussion: Future research needs to take a comprehensive view of violent victimization, including psychological violence, financial exploitation, and neglect, and to investigate community violence. Employment support aimed at financial independence is recommendable for preventing violence from family members. The trend in research design has been changing from factor analysis to practical intervention. In Japan, it is possible to take a research approach targeting PHNs or statistical data.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between high risk of undernutrition and increased risk of physical and psychosocial health problems among older adults living alone.

Method: We conducted a questionnaire survey of older adults who were living alone in A-city and who attended a luncheon. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses based on nutritional status, as evaluated by the Nutrition Screening Initiative, with responses to various items about physical and psychosocial health as the independent variables.

Results: Overall, 31.8% of participants were classified to be at high risk for malnourishment. Risk factors associated with malnutrition included “diabetes outpatient” (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.41–7.52), “awareness of difficulty swallowing” (OR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.79–9.09), “non self-rated health” (OR = 4.91, 95% CI: 2.32–10.40), “meeting friends less often than once a week” (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.23–4.64), and “asking family members to shop for groceries” (OR = 10.96, 95% CI: 1.06–113.82).

Discussion: About 30% of our participants were at (high risk for) undernutrition, which is as high as or higher than patients requiring long-term care in previous studies. Because malnutrition is associated with a history of diabetes, clinicians should ensure that patients attend diabetes appointments, and encourage them to attend health consultations. To mitigate malnutrition and related risks, older individuals living alone should receive support in shopping for groceries; it would also be helpful to expand social resources related to food.