The Japanese Association for Coastal Zone Studies proposed a newly drafted millennium appeal in 2000. It wished to establish a coastal zone management framework by outlining a desirable future coastal zone management plan in Japan. The appeal was one of the major milestones for Japan's coastal zone management history because the association consisted of a wide variety of scholars and practitioners interested in coastal zone studies. This research reviewed the appeal in order to evaluate the accomplishments and characteristics of the appeal. The results of this study clearly indicated that the appeal adopted the latest research developments from the international coastal zone management community. It was also suggested that the appeal could be a unique advisory opinion for Japan's coastal community and associated authorities.

The rapid industrialization and urbanization in Osaka Bay Area have produced many serious water pollution problems since the 1960s. About 14% of the total bay area has been reclaimed, and the natural coastline is only about 5.5% of the total coastal line. Many environmental countermeasures are positively implemented toward the environmental conservation.

Under such circumstances, the present study aims at clarifying what kinds of images of Osaka Bay the people in Kansai Area have, what kinds of environmental elements they think important, and how much money they can pay for the environmental conservation of the bay. The last one is investigated by CVM (Contingent Valuation Method), which is used for evaluation of environmental value, and its questionnaire surveys are conducted on the Internet. These results show that 73% of people have bad images, and these images would be preconceived. The result of CVM corresponds to the construction cost of the artificial wetland of 250m width and 6.4km length per year. The effect of the construction is examined by 3D water quality model. It leads to the conclusion that the recovery of COD is to be limited in the narrow area around the wetland.

In January 1995, port of Kobe was severely damaged by the Hanshin-Awaji disaster. After the earthquake, all of port facilities have been recovered by the end of March 1997. Since then, various measures have been applied to achieve the most effective/efficient use of port facilities, such as reduction of handing costs, simplification of formalities and to making the Kobe port easier to use. However, container cargo activities in Kobe port have not been recovered as that before the disaster. In the present paper, "the development process of Kobe port" , "the model of container cargo activities through Kobe port" and "the overseas deployment of Japanese companies" are studied. The authors show, after numerical simulations, that the cargo activities in Kobe port have been closely related with the industry and economy activity in hinterland of Kobe port And then, the authors suggest that "the overseas deployment of Japanese companies" is one of the opportunities for revitalization of Kobe port.

This study examined the traffic flow pattern of foreign-trade container trailer trucks (hereafter "container trucks") in the Hanshin coastal area and the specific traffic measures involving those trucks, with the aim of improving environmental problems. This study is based on data 伝oman OD (origin-destination) survey of truck drivers, conducted by the authors in 2000. In this study, we first showed the characteristics of foreign-trade container cargo handled at the ports of Kobe and Osaka Second, we classified the flow of container trucks by OD pattern and identified differences in the use of major travel routes in the Hanshin coastal area. Finally, we examined immediate traffic measures to reduce the number of container trucks and improve the environment along trunk roads.

In the coastal fishery in Japan, fishermen have solved problems by mutually cooperating and creating agreements under the common law. This main structure of the problem-solving has not changed. Now, however, problems have become too complicated and too uncertain to solve by fishermen alone and so that collaboration among stakeholders is required. This paper aimed to explain the problem-solving process in the coastal fishery, and to clarify the relationship between fishermen and public administration, stakeholders in this process by examining the two cases of sandfish resource management in Akita Prefecture and the brand building of "SEKIAJI SEKISABA" at Saganoseki-cho in Oita Prefecture as successful collaboration between fishermen and public administration, focusing on knowledge creation in the process .

From the two case studies, moreover, this paper presents the process and actor models of problem-solving as theoretical implications and three practical implications: (1) benefits of knowledge creation; (2) the importance of dialogues among stakeholders; (3) the utilization of practical and scientific knowledge.

This study presents results of questionnaire surveys to estimate a monetary value of sandy beaches and to examine attitudes toward beach preservation. The surveys using contingent valuation method (CVM) are conducted against both beach attendances of the major berthing beaches and ordinary citizens of five communities located in Fukuoka prefecture. To measure "use" and "non-use" values associated with sandy beaches, respondents are asked willing-to-pay (WTP) values for an admission fee to use beaches and for taxes each year to preserve the sandy beaches. The most proper WPT values for beach use values and non-use values are estimated to be 313yen and 3,520yen, respectively. A relationship between characteristics of the respondents and willing-to-pay values is identified and methods of a willing-to-pay question are discussed.

Since remoted islands have various restrictions, it is very difficult to have the same life conditions as a mainland. This research aims at proposing the network intensive method by building the relation compensated mutually with the island which approached. The object of research was considered as the group of islands. The core island used as the reference point of a network was defined from evaluation of the degree of fullness of each institution and the analysis result by the gravity model which asks for the number of expected population flow. By arranging a city-function, without destroying the present living environment, it was enabled to propose the local promotion measure in which the peculiar nature of each island was respected.

The important factors for an evaluation of coastal environmental potentials were investigated through questionnaire survey at many kinds of beaches along the coast of both Miyazaki and Fukuoka prefectures. The coastal environmental potentials can be expressed by various items that are correlated to natural environment, coastal utilization and disaster prevention. Fifty -five items were questioned at the beaches and high scored beaches were selected. The plotting positions of high scored beach on a plane with orthogonal axes were shown by the principal component analysis. And then, six important factors related to the evaluation of the coastal environmental potential were cleared with using the factor analysis. The most dominant factor was a coastal amenity for beach utilization. The second factor was a natural environment such as shelter-belt seen behind a sandy beach. Another factors were a landscape, shore utilization and natural environment near the shoreline. The correlation between a beach width and questioned items was also discussed in this paper.

Reclamation has strong impacts on coastal environment systems. Commonly, its environmental impacts are assessed on condition that reclamation plans are given. Although impact scales depend on reclamation scales, the economic and geographic backgrounds of reclamation are scarcely analyzed. Hence, properties of reclamation in Japan' s port districts completed and planned are investigated, for deepening our knowledge of coastal environment systems including human activities. The analysis on the reclamation completed shows that the area newly reclaimed in a year, which is mainly for industrial site, has trended to downward since the first oil crisis, while the speed of the decrease dropped after FYl 984. Next, the increased area of reclamation planned in FYl989-1991 and FYI 996-1998 is examined. The distributions of the area of reclamation planned in both periods against the water depths have one or two peaks owing mainly to island type reclamation. And its peaks sift the locations to deep side.

The flow of the coral reef region is an important environmental factor affecting growth and distributed structure (regional characteristics) of the coral.

In spite of the 1998 worldwide coral bleaching, Sekisei lagoon (radius of 20km, spreading between lshigaki island and Iriomote island Okinawa prefecture), which is the largest coral reef region in Japan, suffered only 30% of whole area, which is less than the other coral reefs. Why was the influence of coral bleaching weak in Sekisei lagoon?

In this study, we will provide a synopsis of the relation between circulation (water exchange process) in Sekisei lagoon and coral distribution, based on the result of short-term observation such as current direction, current velocity, and coral cover.

Circulation in Sekisei lagoon is predominated along the flow affected by bottom topography and water exchange occurs throughout some channels in the lagoon. Therefore, coral reef region is classified into an open area, a semi-closed area and a closed area due to bottom topography effect and flow environment. There was good correspondence between each defined area (the superscription) and coral distribution.

In recent years, the water quality of coastal area has been deteriorating by inflow of the nitrogen and phosphorus, which cause eutrophication problem. Moreover, the seaweed, which lives in the shore, decreases in number according to aggravation of transparency. In this research the uptake function of nitrogen and phosphorus by the leaf and root of Zostera marina was studied under various conditions of water temperature or illumination. The release of the nitrogen and phosphorus from dead Zostera marina was also examined. As a result, the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by the leaf and root of Zostera marina increased with the increase of water temperature, or the light intensity. Especially, the uptake rate of nutrients by the root was higher than that by the leaf. The NH4-N was uptaken preferentially rather than N03-N by the leaf, though the root uptake both NH4-N and N03-N in the same rate. Moreover, release of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increased of water temperature.

In inner bay and coastal area, water pollution due to eutrophication has been regarded as a most serious problem for a long time. Ecotechnology, which is the environment restoring technology using natural purification function of ecosystems, has been expected to control eutrophication. To develop ecotechnology using a function of seaweed bed, we carried out a preliminary study of the nutrient uptake characteristic of Sargassum horneri living widely in Japanese coastal area. The results obtained from the laboratory experiment showed that the nutrient uptake rate of S. homeri became the highest from May to June in which the growth rate was also the highest. We could make the equation of the nutrient uptake rate which was the function of growth stage, nutrient concentration, illumination intensity and temperature. The field enclosure experiments made it clear that the nutrient uptake rate of S. horneri in actual sea area could be estimated by the obtained equation. The nutrient uptake rate, which was estimated by the production amount of S. horneri in actual sea area, was compared to that of calculated value. The result indicated that density effect occurred in actual sea area.

A sediment oxygen demand, which indicates an activity of bacteria decomposing sedimentary organic matters , is one of the important factors of water and soil qualities in an enclosed sea area The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to measure the sediment oxygen demand on site , and to estimate the decomposition rate using these data The sediment oxygen demand is obtained by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) of water just above sludge in a sealed core sampler. The measured results show that the sediment oxygen demand increases exponentially with the water temperature. The seasonal variation of sediment oxygen demand is estimated as functions of the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen which are measured at the same site every month. The estimated results demonstrate that the sediment oxygen demand mainly depends on the water temperature except when dissolved oxygen is too small for the aerobic decomposition.

When a big structure will be built in a bay, it is needed that environmental prediction must be carried out. In the prediction of a water quality or an ecosystem for the purpose of environmental assessment, simulation models must be managed to use. Here, tidal current simulation is taking sufficient part in these simulation models for prediction. However, technical skill is especially needed in tidal current simulations, since horizontal and vertical (depth direction) geographical features are complicated, input data is difficult and large in quantity, and calculation technique is also expected. The people without technical knowledge are difficult to use this simulation. On the other hand, geographic information system (GIS) has been applied to various fields by the powerful ability. In this paper, our object is to develop the simulation system which is applied GIS to a tidal current simulation program. Our major points of this developed system are to be able to execute a tidal simulation efficiently and simply. And also, we can easily grasp the phenomena in target area by visualized simulation results as output.

In the harbor construction, the ocean wave greatly affects the work situation of the work-ships. Therefore, a site representative carries out wave forecasting by some methods for accurate construction management and safety control in each harbor construction field. But it is a difficult situation to carry out wave forecasting accurately in many harbors without the information service of the wave forecasting. In this study, by making wave prediction model which applied Quantification Theory in the site with the wave gage and by adding examination for the !imitative wave height of the work-ships and examination for the wave forecasting method in the site without the wave gage, the wave forecasting technique that is simply predictable in each field has been developed and the safety control system for the harbor construction works was proposed.

In the structural design of oceanic architectural buildings, uncomfortable motions caused by oscillation or vibration in vertical and horizontal direction has to be considered. The object of this paper is focusing on the study of habitability limit state on oceanic architectural buildings, especially to establish calculation method of 1-year expected value based on maximum wind speed at daily intervals, monthly and yearly. Some of our conclusions are following. 1) Calculation method of 1-year expected wind speed reads it from approximation line by Gumbel's method on maximum wind speeds at daily intervals from observation data for 10-year. 2) 1-year expected wind speed in Tokyo Bay area gets 14-20 (m/s) from South or North.

The holding ability of two types of anchor was investigated in terms of physical properties of seabed. Experiments were performed using two stockless type anchors (VDR type, VDH type). These anchors were pulled using the Research Vessel, DAINI-HOKUTO(19t). The tension force was measured using a Ioadcell connected to the towing rope. Sand content was chosen as an index property, and was correlated to the holding ability. The experimental results indicated that the VDR type-stockless showed highest resistance against pulling for sandy and clayey soils and sandy clay soils. The VDR type-stockless anchor can be used for anchoring of small vessels less than 20 tons.

South Korea is blessed with a huge economic oceans and coastal areas where we have developed human activities and present economical progress. The total length of coastline, 17200km, is large enough as compared with land area, When comparing the example in the major countries of the world with those in Korea. Especially, the tidal flats along the west coast of South Korea are one of the five biggest tidal flats in the world. The coastal areas in oceans, wetlands and tidal flats are reduced owing to the increasing reclamation. The United Nations conference on environment and development, following the earth summit, integrated coastal management as a central concept in the management of coastal zone and oceans. The future policy of organizations related with utilization and conservation of coastal areas are introduced with the example of integrated coastal management.