Coral reefs that surround Okinawan Islands and that have sustained the life of people are at risk. Biological and physical parameters of Okinawan coral reefs have been monitored by a number of research institutes. To ascertain whether the information collected through such studies have met the needs for conservation and wise use of the coral reefs, I compared the types of information that reef managers demand and the existing information that research institutes have collected. I found that needed information, especially that on socio-economic variables, has not been collected sufficiently and that a long-term strategy for coral reef monitoring is urgently required. For the management-oriented monitoring, researchers, managers and the public should interact to clearly prioritize monitoring objectives. It is then necessary to make an appropriate sampling design, establish appropriate methodology, formulate data management system, visualize data using GIS, and share and disseminate information,

This study has proposed a model to evaluate coastal environment value varying with distance from coast, measured by WTP and WTW, and evaluated separately in each value; use value, option value, bequest value, vicarious value and existence value. The result indicates that both of WTP and WTW decrease with distance from coast, and that the values which increase with distance from coast are the option and the vicarious values in the WTP measure and the option, the bequest and the vicarious values in the WTW measure.

Coastal zone management is seen as one of the best solutions to achieve sustainable use of relatively undisturbed local coastal environments. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to why and how successful coastal zone management has developed in a particular region. This study attempts to analyze the development of regional coastal zone management in Amino-cho in Kyoto. The authors propose a circuit model that can explain transformational changes in the coastal zone management system by focusing on knowledge creation. The model can provide a useful evolutionary design for the adaptive management of coastal zones by introducing, sharing and creating knowledge autonomously. The authors believe that the model is unique and can be a useful tool for designing a local coastal zone management system. This study may be the first to describe an appreciation of knowledge creation to the development of a coastal zone management program.

Based on investigation and analysis of environmental cognition, this research clarifies image structure by the local resident for which it waits, analyzes the relation nature of physical environment and a spread of a local resident's life act and action, consciousness, and a cognitive space, and considers territory formation of complex in the coastal fishing village areas in wide area.

Specifically, the settlement in the coastal fishing village areas is regarded as a knot of the relation which it is not as an isolated simple substance and the circumference settlement followed in the areas, and a spread of residents' cognitive space and the relation nature of local space are considered. Now, it has actively a discussion which reorganizes such as a consolidation of municipalities in areas. This research, based on such a time situation. aims at the construction to the planned methodology in complex of areas.

Geographic Survey Institute, Japan, recently developed a database of the coastal landforms along the Japanese coastline for three different periods from Meiji Era. In this study, the distribution of coastal geographic features and their transitions were analyzed for Meiji, after World War II, and Heisei periods using this database. Though natural coasts such as sandy beaches and cliffs were predominant in Meiji and after WWII periods, Japanese coastline has become artificial in a large scale since mid 1950s. One of the most significant changes was that a segment of coastline with the same landform became remarkably short. This tendency means that the natural cell of sediment transport has been segmented resulting in problems of erosion and abnormal deposition along the coast. Such segmentalization of the coastline is a barrier for coastal management plans.

To gain suggestions on how open spaces should be allocated in coastal regions where urbanization has progressed in recent years, this study sought to understand the Tokyo Bay coastal zone in terms of the percentage of open spaces and access distance to open spaces for the land use conditions according to the population density and distance from the coastline, and from this, a comparison and assessment was made of the allocation characteristics of open spaces in the coastal and inland areas. These results revealed the allocation characteristics showed that for open spaces in the coastal area, (1) the access distance was larger in areas with low population densities; and, (2) for high population density areas, the percentage of open spaces was lower than inland areas at a population density of 250 to 300 people/ha, and the same trends as inland areas(high percentage of open spaces and small open space access distance) were observed at population densities of 300 or more people/ha. It was pointed out that when studying the allocation of comprehensive open spaces for the entire coastal area, a plan is needed for utilizing and supplementing the strong and weak points between each other in the open space allocation characteristics of coastal and inland areas.

It was aimed in this study to obtain bases for improvement of the environment of tidal flats by understanding the relations between the characteristics of the bottom soils and the living situation of the benthoses there. The following results were obtained principally.

I) The bottom soils in Ariake Sea, Yatsushiro Sea, and Tokyo Bay are classified to seven types by the characteristics.

2) Index of richness (IR) was proposed to evaluate the environment of tidal flats, which is the product of the wet mass density and the diversity of benthoses.

3) The bottom soils of I -A, ill-A, ill-B showed high values of IR in order.

4) It was expected that IR was risen by increasing of WMD or H'depending on the type of bottom soils and the present group constitution of the benthoses living there.

The principal objective of this paper is clarifying the present condition and the subject of the education program for marine environment by "SANBAN-ZE" which is one of a few tidal flats which remain in Tokyo Bay. Since many teachers seldom had the knowledge about activity in the sea, the consciousness (knowledge about a dangerous living thing, consideration to a heat disorder and others) to a safety control suited low tendency.

Inland navigation had played a key role for physical distribution in earlier times. As railway and road had developed, however, inland navigation had declined. Recently, inland navigation draw renewed attention from the aspects of reduce of physical distribution cost and global environmental problem.

In this study, possibilities of inland navigation on the Ishikari River about Transport cost, route of navigation and measures of ice formation are considered.

Ship waves in a shallow and narrow channel like a river are greatly different from those in deep open water. In the present paper, the actual characteristics of ship waves in the channel restricted by vertical walls have been studied on the basis of field observations. The channel line is nearly straight for the length of900m. The width of channel is 50m, the mean water depth is 4.4m at the right bank and 1.9m at the left bank. The ships targeted in the observations are two kinds of waterbus with the length of 28m and 24m. The observed maximum wave height in a train of ship waves ranges from 0.13m to 1.26m in front of the left vertical bank. Ship waves are greatly influenced by current. The depth-Froude number relative to the river current ranges from 0.47 to 0.76. It has been observed that ship waves are magnified when the relative Froude number exceeds 0.6. Numerical simulations on the basis of Boussinesq type equations have been also carried out.

This paper focuses on details of work, the physical load, and causes of the load on four types of fishing practices-trawling, round haul netting, shell dredge netting, and fixed gill netting-in five fishing ports. Then, the working postures on inland areas of fishing ports are analyzed and evaluated, where workers who have diverse physical abilities work.

In results, according to the characteristics of fishing practices, the load of working postures and the required improvement are clarified by OWAS. Also, for all types of fishing practices, the waist and lower parts of a body support most heavy load. Main causes of the load are the weight of fish pails and the vertical and horizontal distance between fishing boats and quays. The more the fishing port has fish catches and the frequent use of vehicles, the more there are the danger and the difficult movement.

The Akashi-kaikyo Bridge completed in 1998 and the Shimanami Expressway completed in 1998 followed the Ohnaruto Bridge and the Seto-ohasi Bridge. These changes in transportation networks have had strong effects on the truck transportation between the Honshu and the Shikoku regions. The purpose of this study is to show effects of truck transportation between Honshyu and Shikoku after the completion of the Akashi-kaikyo Bridge and the Shimanami Expressway. This study is based on a questionnaire survey to truck operators.

Firstly, we briefly introduce three connection routes between Honshu and Shikoku, the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway (the Akashi-kaikyo Bridge and the Ohnaruto Bridge), the Seto-Chuo Expressway (the Seto-Ohasi Bridge) and the Nishiseto Expressway (the Shimanami Expressway). Secondly, we explain the outline of the questionnaire survey to the truck operators which was carried out by the authors in July 2000. Thirdly, the present situation of the transportation routes by trucks between Honshyu and Shikoku is made clear. Fourthly, we show the differences between truck tran sportation routes before and after the completion of the Akashi-kaikyo Bridge and the Shimanami Expressway. Finally, we analyze effects of the opening of these bridges on the business condition of truck operators in these regions.

Numerical models are used in many environmental assessments and/or managements. However, they have many uncertainties. To use such imperfect numerical models properly in decisioning process of environmental management, we study the case of the estuary model in the Chesapeake Bay Program in which numerical models are used for actual decision-making. We found that the estuary model of the Chesapeake Bay was developed by the collaboration among different technical teams, advancement of computer system, establishments of technical teams divided functionally, and the existence of a neutral team for promotion of collaboration and information exchange. The neutral team held a workshop to promote the Communicaton among many kinds of investigators and performed an external review of the Water Quality Model. Based on these findings, effective uses of the numerical models are discussed the special reference to adaptive management.

Recently, it is exposing coral reef region in Japan to the crisis of the extinction by effects of breaching with the rise in the seawater temperature and effects by the artificial load from the land, etc. Especially, high water temperatures resulted in damage to the coral in Japan's Okinawa prefecture during the worldwide coral bleaching event of 1998. Therefore, it has been indicated that died out coral reef must be artificially recovered. Coral reef region has the important role as an environment (growth field of egg and larvae and tourist attractions, etc.) in the coastal zone, as well as seaweed bed and tidal flat.

In this study, it carried out the analysis long-term fluctuation of natural and social environment which surrounds coral reef regions, on Sekisei lagoon (around Ishigaki Island) and Okinawa Island (around Sesokojima Island), using the existing data, and it examined response and relevance between they environmental factors.

This report describes the present situation of the historical port facilities based on the research results on "The Historical Port Facilities in Japan" that was conducted in 2000 under the cooperation of Port and Harbors Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. It is found that there are 895 historical port facilities at 266 ports including fishing harbors. The historical port facilities are characterized by facilities are mainly distributed in western region, especially in Inland Sea, most of them are categorized as facilities to maintain port environment, and majority were constructed in Edo era.

The nationwide research on the historical port facilities were conducted in 1981-1982, and 803 historical port facilities were found in the research. Compared the research in 1981-1982 with the research in 2000, 26 facilities have been diminished and 115 facilities, which have been contemporarily constructed, are newly found.

This research employs the land use allocation patterns at the coastal zone in the metropolitan areas, focuses on the land use clusters in the land use allocation patterns, where the differences between coastal and inland areas are most striking. By doing this, we aimed to develop a calculation system, build an evaluation system, and understand the current status of the metropolitan coastal areas. The results of this study indicated that (1) overall , land use clusters were large in coastal areas and inland areas that were 10 km or more from the coast; (2) overall, land use clusters tended to be small-scaled and diversified; (3) cluster separation was observed in areas with large land use clusters, namely, coastal areas and inland areas that were 10 km from the coast; and (4) industrial site clusters, open space clusters, and public site clusters were large in the coastal areas and small in the inland areas. On the other hand, clusters for commercial sites, agricultural sites, and residential sites were small in the coastal areas and large in the inland areas.