A condominium is a complex of rights of shared lot and ownership of divided units. It was only after numerous condominiums appeared in the market when the laws were enacted in Japan to take control of them. Since then they experienced a variety of ad hoc and ineffective amendments.
 The biggest reason the government has to responsibly intervene into the management of condominiums lies in the transaction cost involved in it, which is one of the market failures. The condominium is a club good which is expected to be managed by a congregation of the owners of complex rights while a single decision is the only possible resolution at its rebuilding.
 Although the law is responsible for minimizing the transaction cost of decisionmaking in which involves many people, the Japanese laws on the contrary have lots of erroneous interventions to make it costly. A condominium, the ultimate offspring of the divided paddy fields, is a defective good as it necessitates huge transaction costs in decision-making.
 While the proposed amendments of the laws related to the condominiums submitted to the Diet in 2025 include some meaningful provisions such as the relaxation of the requirements for rebuilding resolutions, the termination of leases with rebuilding, and the sale of the lots and other properties after the dissolution of the divided ownership, they do not sufficiently reduce the transaction cost of owners. More drastic amendments thus are required to make it acceptably low.

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Four laws relating to condominiums, including Act on Building Unit Ownership, are to be amended. This paper reviews the background and content of these laws and outlines the tasks to be undertaken in the future in line with the amendments to the laws.

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This article examines the key points of the 2025 Amendment to the Condominium Act. The recent revisions aim to encourage active involvement of unit owners in the management of condominium buildings, thereby preventing their deterioration. Additionally, provisions concerning the reconstruction, renewal and termination of condominium buildings have been organized.

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In Japan, approximately one million condominium units fail to meet current seismic standards. Rebuilding efforts have traditionally relied on unused floor-area ratio （FAR） to ease the financial burden on owners. However, as surplus FAR becomes unavailable and construction costs rise, viable regeneration strategies are increasingly difficult　to implement. This paper examines a legal framework that facilitates the revitalization of aging condominiums by enhancing their market value and enabling regeneration through sale.

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Examining from a legal perspective whether the proposed amendments to the Condominium Ownership Law will be effective in regeneration and managing condominiums.

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The recent amendment to the Act on Building Unit Ownership （Kubun Shoyu Law） is expected to bring certain positive effects on the regeneration of aging condominium buildings, including their reconstruction. Notably, the legal inclusion of various regeneration methods beyond just reconstruction deserves recognition. However, given the extremely challenging current socio-economic conditions surrounding condominium regeneration─such as surging construction costs─it is anticipated that further legal frameworks to strengthen the management foundations of condominium associations, as well as diverse support measures beyond legal systems, will be necessary moving forward.

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The current revision the law also requires attention to the procedures for reconstruction when a condominium is damaged in a disaster. In this article, we will discuss the issues with the current law and overview of the review law, and consider the remaining issues regarding the reconstruction of damaged condominiums.

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It is expected that the amendments made in line with the Amendment Bill for Facilitating the Management and Regeneration of Condominiums will further promote the management and regeneration of condominiums. From the urban planning perspective, the impact on surrounding areas and society is important. While improper management of condominium exteriors and waste, obstruction to views and scenery, and obstruction to sunlight are all negative impacts, there are also positive impacts such as commercial demand and effective land use. It is hoped that the amendments to the law will lead to more appropriate management and regeneration, as well as promote the management of condominiums to contribute to the local community.

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This paper presents an overview of the recommendation system for mismanaged and hazardous condominiums, and discusses issues involved in implementing the system.

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Explains the impact of legal reforms on practice.

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This study examines the “building renewal” of condominiums. As a result, the following three points were clarified.　 (1)The meaning of <main structural parts of a building< in the explanation of “building renovation” is vague. (2) “Building renovation” is difficult to implement, just like rebuilding. (3) In order to revitalize a condominium, “building renovation”that excludes exclusively-owned area is effective. Taking these things into consideration, it is necessary to consider methods for regenerating condominiums.

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Through appropriate management and repair reserves, condominium stock can be effectively utilized over the long term. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between information from the condominium management evaluation standard and market prices, and between the reserve for repairs and depreciation over time. We discuss the importance of appropriate management and reserve for repairs being evaluated in the market.

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