The purpose of this study is to examine a process of the entrepreneurial networking in the seedtime. In this study a case of Anicom International Co., Ltd., which entered into the animal insurance industry and attained rapid growth, is investigated. Based on our empirical evidence, new principle of the network formation is developed. Although previous studies discussed the formation of entrepreneurial networks from an entrepreneur-centered view, our findings show that the selection by the cooperator is a key factor in explaining the formation of an entrepreneurial network. Then the validity and limitations of two exiting concepts, Ba and the informal hierarchy, are discussed in detail and theoretical implications are presented.

View full abstract

The study of balanced scorecard in the existing research has been focused on large, multinational and multi-divisional companies. Study on balanced scorecard on small and medium-sized business has been hardly done. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine what kind of small and medium-sized enterprise has introduced balanced scorecard and what is different in the enterprise that doesn't improve earnings with the enterprise that improves. This study indicates that the small and medium-sized enterprise that introduces balanced scorecard has two characteristics. First, the business domain is clear and second, top management has various sources of information. On the other hand, characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprise that introduces balanced scorecard and improves earnings are found three types. First, at the time of balanced scorecard is introduced, top management has own intention for balanced scorecard introduction and advocate high aim. Second, new project is able to assign exclusive duty and talented person. Third, top management has various sources of information.

View full abstract

The purpose of this paper is reconsidering for cultural perspective in entrepreneurship research. This paper reviews preceded research from cultural perspective, taking notice of two viewpoints, culture as a source of motivation and culture as legitimacy for resource mobilization. Culture understands as source of motivation and viewed informal system of entrepreneurial organization or region, in psychological study as MaClleland（1961）, corporate entrepreneurship research as Pinchot（1986）, and studies of Collaboration with industries and universities as Gupta（2002）. In the other side, studies of culture as legitimacy for resource mobilization, Culture is viewed as tool for entrepreneurs. For instance, in ethnic entrepreneurship research, ethnic entrepreneurs embedded in ethnic culture can mobilize resources from ethnic market through ethnic network. In addition, institutional entrepreneurship research insistence on changing of culture as institutional strategy. Entrepreneur can mobilize resources to acquire legitimacy, but they can legitimate themselves for constructing new culture. However, Institutional Entrepreneurship research didn’t pay attention to “Why are people motivated changing culture?” To solves motivation for changing culture, our studies proposes emerging entrepreneurship of embedded entrepreneur（Guard e al. 2007）. In recent study, Embedded entrepreneurs can emerge entrepreneurship through internal conversation against discontinuities（Much, 2007）, like as obstruction of labor market. Accordingly, they are motivated to reconstruct their identity and change culture. In this paper, we analyze Chinese entrepreneurs in Kobe-Motomachi, to understand emerging entrepreneurship of embedded entrepreneur. To understand emerging entrepreneurship of embedded entrepreneur is an important research agenda in entrepreneurship research and practices.

View full abstract