The studies of career in existing research have been focused on personal career development of employee and career management by the companies. However, it is important to take notice of the career outside the organization like career changers and entrepreneurs under current diverse of career. Most of entrepreneurs have work experiences for many years in the company and their career should have large influences from the work experiences in the organization. The influences of the work experiences to build the vocational career and to get skills for the job have been studied from the view point of psychology, business administration and economics. However, these past studies examined not entrepreneurs but professionals and managers in the organization. Also, the learning attitude and motivation to develop personal career could increase the impact of learning effect. In case of entrepreneurs, awareness of entrepreneurship could be assumed to encourage the learning effect. This study intends to examine how the awareness of entrepreneurship and the work experiences affect to the performance of newly created enterprises by secondary analysis of entrepreneur survey. This study indicates that the awareness of entrepreneurship and differences of work experiences i.e. the size of company, manager experience influence to the performance of business.

Ours is changing from a society oriented on manufacturing to a society oriented on knowledge, one that values the integration of various information and findings. This study investigated color standards as intellectual property, focusing on market monopoly achieved as a result of standard status attainment, and domination as a process leading to monopoly. The concepts of communication and general standardization are addressed. The characteristic differences between color standards and digital devices are then elucidated. Subsequently, a comparison and analysis is done of DIC and Pantone, colorguide (color communication tool)-based national and global color standards, respectively. Pantone is exclusively committed to color standards, and advocates the creation of a new color standard. Although their business model is simple and undiversified, their business, founded on the basis of intellectual property, sees a high possibility for growth. In today’s increasingly competitive market environment, it is necessary to reduce the number of business domains and achieve specialization. In dominating the color standard market and gaining monopoly, specialization achieved through centralized business domains and flexibility, free from attachment to existing lines of business, is the key to successful standardization. This study reveals the presence of definite strategic intent in that process. Today we see a wealth of products and services. In such an era, knowledge, experience, expertise and information are becoming important business resources as intellectual capital. Whether or not one can recognize the value of, and utilize, the ability to earn profits from software, services and other intellectual property, rather than from tangible goods, has become an important factor in creating competitive advantages.

In respect of the revitalization of the local economy in Japan, the creation of a locally-based industry on the basis of local products has vital importance. In this context, the food industry which processes indigenous agricultural products is one of the promising areas. The rice-based food manufacturing industry in Niigata Prefecture presents an excellent example of how to create a competitive business through the extension of the incubation support, which was mainly technological one from the public research institution in this case. In the process of their development, the rice product producers in Niigata built competitive advantage over the producers of other areas, and this success of them can be explained by adopting the so-called Diamond Model advocated by Professor Michael Porter. Through the case study on this Niigata rice product industry, this paper intends to induce a model which can be of value for the same kind of serious trials being undertaken in many areas in Japan with the hope of regaining the energy of the local economy and the society. In Niigata’s case, the rice-based food industry has not only shown its strength by occupying a remarkably high market share but also started a trial of expanding its business coverage to such fields as health care and geriatrics, using the research results produced through the close cooperation among businesses, university laboratories and the relevant public bodies.