This paper explores entrepreneurship and selfrenewal of regional specialization in the traditional craft production center based on a study for Arita porcelain production center in Japan. Arita, successfully diversified its product categories and tried to make progress for the self-renewal of its regional specialization, which were driven by entrepreneurship of a leading group of the frontier porcelain producers and wholesalers that are predominantly family businesses historically. This paper insists that the frontier porcelain producers' and wholesalers' entrepreneurship stimulated self-renewal of regional specialization. It argues the unwritten competition rule, preventing cut-throat competition, served as a catalyst to keep the region as a production center alive.

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Leadership succession is a critical challenge for NPOs, particularly in overcoming the founder's syndrome, where the founder's lingering influence impedes generational transitions. While the boards are tasked with addressing this issue, their effectiveness in alleviating founder's syndrome remains unproven. Prior succession research has not adequately identified the key actors enabling successful transition processes. On the other hand, governance studies have recently introduced the concept of a multi-governance system, but the empirical evidence is scarce. This study employs a single-case analysis within an international cooperation NPO, SHAPLA NEER=Citizens' Committee in Japan for Overseas Support, to identify the entities, functions, and mechanisms that constitute a multi-governance system enabling successful generational leadership transitions. The findings reveal that the multi-governance system is a mechanism of “trust-based control and collaboration” where diverse entities beyond the board play four key roles: monitoring, supporting, partnering, and representing. This system facilitates multi-generational leadership succession, through mechanisms such as multiple principal relationships, a multilevel open system of human resources circulation, collective collaboration, and a diverse pluralistic stakeholder voice.

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In this paper, we examine about 3,000 startup companies and analyze how the multiple types of corporate venture capital (CVC) programs affect the growth of investee companies. We found that direct investment by the company itself or CVC has a positive impact on the realization of IPO. On the other hand, we were unable to find any evidence to suggest that investments from dedicated funds (ninin-kumiai funds) increase the probability of an IPO or shorten the time to IPO.

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Our research question is what policies can increase national entrepreneurship? This research aims to demonstrate the impact of language diversity and immigration on national entrepreneurship. We used the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. We conducted multiple regression analysis using a random effects model with 130 data from 26 countries over five years from 2015 to 2019. The results showed that countries that actively accept immigrants harm entrepreneurial intentions. However, when the language diversity of immigrants is high, this relationship is reversed, and it was also demonstrated that the more immigrants there are, the higher the entrepreneurial intentions of the host country's citizens become. This research not only makes a theoretical contribution to entrepreneurship research by demonstrating the mechanism by which the entrepreneurship intentions of host populations of immigrants are improved but also makes a practical contribution to entrepreneurship policy and immigration policy.

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[in Japanese]

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