Serum Uric Acid of four hundred and fifty five arteriosclerotic patients have been measured and compared with that of one hundred and fourteen normal male and female subjects.
It has been clearified that hyperuricemia has been found in ischemic heart disease, cerebral infarction and gout.
Hyperuricemia may be one of risk factors in arteriosclerotic vascular accidents and it may be clearified by the prospective study.

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Plasma aldosterone (PA), hematocrit value (Ht), plasma protein (PP), blood water content (BW), plasma water content (PW), blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV) were measured on 6 patients suffered from cerebral infarction. Blood was drawn at immediately, 24 hours, 48 hours and 2 weeks after the stroke. The results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 16 patients without cerebrovascular diseases.
There is a statistically significant low value of plasma aldosterone in the patients at immeadiately after the stroke compared to the control group. (P<0.01) The slight elevation of Ht, PP, BV, and PV were seen. These results suggest that the pronounced low value of plasma aldosterone may play an important role in the development of cerebral infarction.

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Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of lipoprotein in sera of 123 cerebrovascular patients and 138 non-cerebrovascular controls was carried out by means of the prestaining method developed by Narayan et al. and Wada et al. and ameliorated by authors. Glass column with a length of 100mm and internal diameter of 7mm was used. Polyacrylamide gel solution was prepared by Tris-HCl buffer. Concentrations of polyacrylamide of lower and upper separating and spacer gel solution were 7.5%, 3.75%, and 2.5% respectively, and pH of separating and spacer gel solution were 8.8 and 6.7. Amounts of the gel solution pipetted into the lower and upper separating and the spacer layer were 0.5ml, 0.6ml and 0.1ml. The sample layer was not prepared. Lipoprotein was stained over night at 4°C by mixing serum with a half volume of 0.5% Sudan Black B solution in ethylene glycol before the electrophoretic procedure. Thirty μl of the sample, the mixture of prestanned serum with equal amount of the solution prepared by adding one volume of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.7) to three volumes of 20% sucrose solution, was pipetted into the sample layer. Electrophoresis was performed in Tris-glycine buffer (pH 8.3) for about 70 minutes by 4mA per a column.
Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in subjects with presence of mid-bands were higher than in those with absence of the bands. Higher pre β-lipoprotein and lower α-lipoprotein concentrations in the cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis were indicated in subjects with presence of mid-bands than in those with absence of the bands. In all subjects examined, mid-bands were detected in 88 of 123 patients (71.5%) and in 60 of 138 controls (43.5%), the incidence in patients was significantly higher than controls. Mid-bands were found more frequently in patients with cerebral infarction, with abnormal ECG findings and with impaired renal functions than in those with cerebral hemorrhage, with normal ECG findings and with normal renal functions. In controls mid-bands were found in 17 of 24 hyperlipidemics (70.8%) and 43 of 114 normolipidemics (37.7%), the significantly higher incidence in the hyperlipidemics than the normolipidemics was indicated. In patients the difference in these incidences was not found. In normolipidemic subjects mid-bands were found in 66 of 98 patients (67.3%), the incidence in patients was significantly higher compared with the value of 37.7% in controls, and mid-bands were also significantly more frequently found in patients with clinical findings manifested by atherosclerotic changes than in those without the findings.
In recent papers mid-bands are regarded as intermediate products in the metabolic process between pre β-, and β-lipoprotein which is formed from pre β-lipoprotein. Our data indicating the close relation of serum triglyceride level and pre β-lipoprotein concentration to mid-bands support these concepts. Significantly high incidence of midbands in normolipidemic patients suggests the close relation of the band to atherosclerotic disorders and the existence of abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in cerebrovascular disease. Although many papers representing the low serum lipid levels and the minor role of hyperlipidemia in cerebrovascular disorders in Japan have been published, it is not satisfactory to estimate the serum lipid levels in the investigation of lipid metabolism in cerebrovascular patients. The results obtained show the importance of qualitative observations of serum lipids in cerebrovascular disorders, therefore, studies on lipid in cerebrovascular disorders should be never disregarded.

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Such hypolipemic agents as Nicomol, 1-1-bis-(4′-(1″-carboxy-1″-methylpropoxy) phenyl) cyclohexane (S-8527) and Oxandreolone were administered for 16 weeks to 56 outpatients with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.
The blood was taken 2 weeks before and just before the treatment, and on 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week after the treatment.
1) There is an obvious difference of the effects among Nicomol, S-8527 and Oxandrolone, from the viewpoints of both serum lipids and glycoproteins.
2) Free fatty acid (FFA), β-lipoprotein (β-LP) and total cholesterol (TC) were decreased in the serum by Nicomol administration; triglyceride (TG), β-LP and TC were decreased also by S-8527 administration; phospholipid (PL), TC, TG and β-LP were decreased also by Oxandrolone administration.
3) Serum glycoproteins were obviously decreased by Nicomol or S-8527 administration, though increased by Oxandrolone administration.
4) These 3 agents, usually understood as hypolipemic and effective for arteriosclerosis as a whole, must be used in consideration of the characteristic effects of each agent on both serum lipids and glycoproteins.

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Postheparin-plasma triacylglycerol lipase (PHTGL) and postheparin-plasma monoacylglycerol lipase (PHMGH) activities in diabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridemia and non-diabetic subjects were measured. The subjects' age ranged from 61yr to 73yr in the diabetics and from 70yr to 77yr in the non-diabetics. Of 4 diabetics, one had type IIb hyperlipidemia and the others had type IV. After fasting in the morning 10U/kg of heparin was repetitively injected i. v. 3 times at 30 minutes intervals and on a separate day, 15U/kg/hour of heparin was infused i. v. by constant delivery pump for 2 hours. In some studies, postheparinplasma was preincubated with 3mg/ml of protamine sulfate and then protamine-resistant PHTGL (hepatic PHTGL) activity was measured according to the method of Krauss et al. Furthermore, protamine-inhibited PHTGL activity (mainly of adipose tissue origin) was calculated by subtracting protamine-resistant PHTGL activity from the total PHTGL activity.
Following results were obtained:
1) Effect of the repetitive i. v. injection of heparin on PHTGL and PHMGH activities; Total and protamine-inhibited PHTGL activities were significantly lower in the diabetics than in the non-diabetics. Protamine-resistant PHIGL and PHMGH activities were not significantly different between these two groups.
2) Effect of the long-term i. v. infusion of heparin on PHTGL and PHMGH activities; At 120 minutes after the infusion of heparin, protamine-inhibited PHTGL activity was significantly lower in the diabetics than in the non-diabetics, but total and protamine-resistant PHTGL and PHMGH activities were not significantly different between these two groups. These results suggest the possibility that the hypertriglyceridemia in the diabetics was caused by the decrease in PHTGL activity of extrahepatic, mainly of adipose tissue origin.

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For the purpose to estimate total lipids and lipoprotein constituents in serum, an internal standard was introduced to electrophoresis on agarose gel. The internal standard was prepared by the procedure as shown in Fig. 1. Obtained dyed carbamylated human albumin (DC-Alb.) has similar color of lipid staining dye, Sudan black B and faster mobility than albumin as shown in Fig. 2. For electrophoresis, DC-Alb. solution was mixed with each serum sample with a definite ratio. The mixture was applied on agarose gel plate and electrophoresis, fixation and lipid staining with Sudan black B was performed as usual. Percent distribution of lipoprotein fractions and DC-Alb. was obtained by densitometry at 570nm. Percent density of DC-Alb. was correlated significantly with total lipids content determined with Fring's method (r=0.91). From regression equation obtained, total lipids can be calculated from densitometric scans of DC-Alb. and lipoproteins. The lipoprotein content estimated by multipling total lipids calculated as above and percent density of lipoprotein fractions on electrophoresis were correlated with those determined by analytical ultracentrifuge (r=0.84) as shown in Fig. 3. Thus, electrophorectogram with the internal standard can be used not only to estimate total lipids content but also to analyze lipoprotein constituents in the serum quantitatively, and is useful tool for investigation on lipoprotein metabolism in clinical practice for atherosclerosis or other lipid metabolism disorders.

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The extent of elevation in the serum cholesterol level in dietary cholesterol intake are varied among the subjects. In order to investigate the importance of the role of HDL to such variations of cholesterol elevation, following preliminary experiment has been performed. Five cases of healthy males without liver diseases, renal diseases and endocrine diseases, etc. were subjected. Six egg yolks daily (cholesterol value 1.5 grams) for seven days were administered to the subjects. Before and after the cholesterol loading, blood samples were drown from the subjects in the morning after the overnight fasting. Then, the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids and the three major lipoproteins classes (VLDL, LDL, HDL) have been determined.
One case in the subjects was with type V hyperlipoproteinemia. The remaining four cases were classified into two groups by the changes in serum HDL concentration after the cholesterol ingestion. The first group including two cases, in which serum HDL level increased after the cholesterol ingestion, showed small increase in serum cholesterol level and little change in VLDL and LDL levels. While, the second group in which serum HDL level decreased after the loading, revealed larger increases in both serum cholesterol and LDL levels than those of the first group.
From these results, it may be suggested that there exist two groups of subjects which show the differrent metabolic reaction under the dietary cholesterol administration. Namely, in the first group, the HDL level increases and reaches to the range of the normal value and the serum VLDL, LDL and cholesterol levels show little changes after cholesterol ingestion. In second group, the HDL level decreases and reaches to the normal range and the serum cholesterol and LDL levels elevated more than those of the first group after six egg yolks ingestion.
In the case of type V hyperlipoproteinemia in which serum HDL level was lower than that of normal subjects, decrease of HDL concentration and increase of LDL and VLDL concentrations were observed after the cholesterol administration.
Precise mechanism of above mentioned phenomenon is remained unknown. Further study should be required to investigate the mechanism.

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Silver et al. reported that the intravenous injection of arachidonic acid (A. A.) caused sudden death in rabbits (Science 183: 1085, 1974); Injection of A. A. (1.4mg) caused death within 3 minutes and histological examination showed platelet thrombus in the microvasculature of the lungs.
On this paper, authors investigated whether A. A. induced the platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo as Silver et al, reported. Although A. A. did not aggregate the human platelet in vitro, A. A. exposed to ultraviolet rays for 3 hours induced the platelet aggregation. The former, nontreated A. A., did not cause sudden death in rabbits, but the intravenous and/or intracarotid administration of the latter, treated A. A. (2mg/kg), caused death in rabbits.
There existed some relation in the treated A. A. between the toxicity for rabbits and the induction of platelet aggregation in vitro. All rabbits, which were given treated-A. A., showed platelet aggregation in the microvasculature of the lungs (per intravenous) and in that of brain (per carotid). The pulmonal arteries showed the increasing of vascular permeability and the degenerative changes in arterial walls.

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The purpose of this report is to observe the detail of platelet aggregation in case of maximum aggregation induced by usual ADP concentration. It was recorded two aggregation curves induced by high (10^-5) and low (0.2×10^-5) concentrations of ADP in same platelet rich plasma, and classified them into four types. Dissociation after aggregation was found by both ADP in 95% of normal, and this normal pattern classified into types I and II. Type III consisted of case that had the difference of more than 40% between aggregation rates after three minutes obtained by both inducer. Type IV consisted of no dissociation observed by both inducer.
In diabetics, the percentage of types I and II as normal pattern decreased to 70.5% compared with 95% in normal, type III increased to 20.5% compared with 5% in normal and type IV present at 9.1%. Only 46.2% in group with retinopathy belonged to normal type, 25.6% to type III and 28.2% to type IV. According to the progress of retinopathy, the percentage in group with increased platelet aggregation rose significantly. With complacation of macroangiopathy, type IV that showed maximum platelet aggregation increased to 20.5% as normal type decreased to 40%.
Transformation of platelet aggregation pattern was observed after a week aspirin ingestion of 1.5g. In type IV, 8 of 10 cases remained unchangeable and others transformed into type III after ingestion. In type III, 13 of 15 cases improved and others remained unchangeable. In type II, 8 of 12 cases transformed into type I. It was found that aspirin was effective for moderatly increased platelet aggregation.
Although platelet aggregation of acute myocardial infarction showed normal pattern immediately after attack, they began to increase in many cases 2 days later and lasting for 10 days.
As above, new classification was made on platelet aggregation pattern that obtained from inducing by both of high and low concentrations of ADP and its clinical significance was studied.

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Clofibrate (ethyl α-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate) has been known to reduce the level of serum cholesterol and triglycerides in rat, dog, monkey and man. In the case of rabbit, however, the lipid lowering activity in serum are uncertain, and its effect on the fatty acid composition in the serum and arterial esterified cholesterol has been less explored. We have examined the effect of clofibrate on cholesterol accumulation in the aorta of rabbits.
In the present study, clofibrate caused a reduction of cholesterol and an increase in the ratio of linoleic to oleic acid of cholesteryl ester in the aorta. In the serum, there was no significant difference in cholesterol level between experimental and control groups. Concerning the composition of esterified fatty acids, however, a decrease in the proportion of oleate and an increase in the proportion of linoleate were observed. Reduction in accumulation of aortic cholesterol might be interpreted as follow from these results. It might be possible that a relatively high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cholesteryl ester was induced in serum lipoprotein after Clofibrate treatment. Smith and Slater reported that lipids in aortic plaques might be derived from lipoprotein in serum. Consequently, an increase in the ratio of linoleic to oleic acid in artevial wall was derived from serum lipoprotein. Polyunsaturated fatty acid of cholesteyl ester could be hydrolyzed predominantly due to the specificity of cholesteryl ester hydrolase. Cholesteryl ester accumulated in the aortic wall after clofibrate treatment therefore, might be easily eliminated by the enzyme.
It seems to be likely that clofibrate might modify the composition of fatty acids of cholesteryl ester in serum and arterial wall, subsequently the relative decrease of aortic cholesteryl ester might be observed.

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The experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of pantethine on the atherosclerotic process.
Rats were fed on a normal or a high cholesterol diet with or without pantethine for 4 weeks in the following manner: 1) Normal diet, 2) Normal diet plus pantethine (200mg/day), 3) High cholesterol diet which contains 1% cholesterol-0.5% cholic acid and 4) High cholesterol diet plus pantethine. The following items were studied; effect of pantethine on 1) Plasma lipid level, 2) Free fatty acid metabolism in arterial wall, 3) Cholesterolester synthesis in arterial wall, and 4) Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration in arterial wall.
1) Pantethine lowered serum cholesterol level of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. 2) An addition of pantethine in vitro increased acyl-CoA synthesis in arterial wall which in turn decreased free fatty acids that had inhibitory action of fibrinolysis. 3) Cholesterol-ester synthesis from (1-¹⁴C) palmitic acid in arterial wall was considerably increased high cholesterol diet. The increase was inhibited by administration of pantethine. 4) Pantethine lowered TBARS concentration of arterial wall of rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Above these results, effects and those mechanisms of pantethine on inhibition of progress of atherosclerosis were discussed.

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