Patients with inshemic heart disease and non-ischemic heart disease were examined before, during and after Master's double two step test using radioelectrocardiography in order to study relationship between changes of heart rate, ECG findings and other clinical data. Myocardial infarction (18 cases), intermediate types (8 cases), effort angina (27 cases), ischemic heart disease without pain (12 cases) an non-ischemic heart disease (31 cases) were included in this study. Incidences of anginal attack during and/or after exercise were 28 percent in cases of myocardial infarction and 22 percent in cases of effort angina. Heart rate before exercise and heart rate increment after exercise were illustrated in individual disease groups. In cases of myocardial infarction, increment of heart rate was greater in positive exercise test group than in borderline exercise test groups. This tendency was dominant in cases of myocardial infarction. In cases of intermediate types, heart rate increments after exercise were lower than the other disease groups, as well as no anginal attack was induced by exercise test in all cases. In patients with effort angina, exercise revealed 10 positive tests out of 14 recent cases and 5 positive tests out of 13 old cases. Up to date no significant relationship was found between the results of exercise test and several clinical data such as age, sex and blood pressure, suggesting necessity of a further detailed study.

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Clinically, the circulation in the lower extremities in patients with ischemic disorder due to arteriosclerosis obliterans was evaluated by arteriography. The level of vascular obstruction and the secondary development of collaterals did not correlate well with angiographic studies after the legs were amputated. The latter showed more abundant blood vessels than those prior to detachment of leg from the body. In order to evaluate the peripheral circulation, dye dilution technique, and radioisotope methods were used.
These results revealed that the microcirculation in patients with vascular disorder was impeded, but it responded to the intravenous administration of Esberiven and Solcoseryl. In general, these drugs accelerated the blood flow, which showed vasodilatory effect.
From the above findings, in case of arteriosclerosis obliterans, the study of microcirculation may give better information about the status of peripheral circulation.

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The determination of cholesterol concentration in corb shell (shijimi), bloody clam (akagai), shortneck clam (asari), clam (hamaguri), and oyster (kaki) has been described. Colorimetric, enzymatic, and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) method are employed for the determination. Results could be summarized as follows.
1. Color of the extract was yellow and its maximum absorption was shown at 450 to 460nm.
2. Concentration of cholesterol was determined by Liebermann-Burchard reaction, Killiani reaction, OPA reaction, and enzymatic reaction. The results were 216mg/100g for shijimi, 160 for akagai, 115 for asari, 113 for hamaguri, and 153 for kaki by Liebermann-Burchard reaction and 174, 124, 100, 93, and 154mg/100g by Killiani reaction and 191, 114, 112, 99, and 169mg/100g by OPA reaction and 147, 100, 95, 89, and 107mg/100g by enzymatic reaction respectively.
3. The extract of each shellfish was streaked on a preparatorythin-layer chromatografic plate and developed in a solvent system of chloroform and acetone (90:10). Four compounds were visualized under UV light for shijimi and three for other shellfish. Five compounds were stained with Liebermann-Burchard reagent for shijimi, and three for asari and akagai, and two for hamaguri.
4. Analysis of GLC showed that each shell-fish contained C₂₆-sterol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, brassicasterol, 24-methylenecholesterol and C₂₉-sterol besides cholesterol. Kaki was found to contain campesterol and β-sitosterol.
Cholesterol content for all sterols in each shellfish was 70% for shijimi, 56% for akagai, 61% for asari, 55% for hamaguri and 44.5% for kaki, and fairly high concentration of brassicasterol and methylenecholesterol was found in each shellfish.

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Determination of serum uric acid and lipids of 2404 adults (1761 males and 643 females) who visited Keio Health Counselling Center in 1973 was performed. The levels of uric acid were 4.6±1.3mg% (mean±S. D.) and 3.5±1.3mg% (mean±S. D.) in male and female subjects respectively. Uric acid levels correlated positively with triglyceride (p<0.01), cholesterol (p<0.01) and phospholipids levels (p<0.01). The incidences of hyperuricemia (uric acid level>7.0mg%) were 1.7% in normolipidemic, 3.0% in type IIa, 8.6% in type IIb and 7.3% in type IV Group. Type IIb and IV groups showed higher incidence of hyperuricemia than normolipidemic and type IIa groups. Uric acid levels in hypertriglyceridemic subjects were elevated compared with those in normotriglyceridemic subjects, even when their obesity indexes were adjusted on the similar level.

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A 47 year-old man who had cerebellar ataxia and low plasma lipids and lipoproteins was reported. Neurological examination revealed ataxic movements of the hands, inarticulate speaking and trembling gait. His tendon reflexes were hyperactive and pathological reflexes were present in the lower limbs. The sensory systems and nerve conduction velocity were normal. There were no abnormal findings on hematological examination. Total lipid (380mg/dl), total cholesterol (106mg/dl), free cholesterol (74mg/dl), triglyceride (58mg/dl), phospholipid (124mg/dl), and free fatty acid (303μEq/l) were generally decreased. On lipoprotein electrophoresis, prebetalipoprotein was very faint and migrated more slowly than normal. Betalipoprotein and alphalipoprotein were moderately reduced in concentration but migrated normally. The concentration of isolated VLDL was only one-tenth of normal subjects and it migrated as slow prebetalipoprotein. Although the lipid composition of VLDL was similar to those of normal VLDL, subunit analysis of apo VLDL on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was somewhat different from normal apo VLDL. The concentration of isolated LDL was about one-half of normal subjects and HDL was almost normal. Lipid composition and subunit analysis of LDL and HDL were normal. The disturbances of lipid absorption and chylomicron formation were also shown on fat absorption test, but jejunal biopsy revealed intact endothelial cells with normal microvilli. In spite of mild elevation of serum bilirubin and marked retention of bromosulfouhthalein, serum GOT, GPT, Al-Phos. and γ-globulin remained in normal ranges. Liver biopsy specimen disclosed localized infiltration of round cells and swelling of the hepatocytes like the foamy cells suggesting steatosis of the liver cells. Only two of his relatives had low cholesterol levels although all were free from neurological disorders. According to these results, he was considered to have hypobetalipoproteinemia with abnormal prebetalipoprotein. Abnormal composition of apo VLDL seems to be responsible for reduced concentration and mobility of prebetalipoprotein. Reduced synthesis of beta and prebetalipoprotein may contribute to the developments of neurological symptoms and hepatic involvement.

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One hundred nine elderly patients (average age 73) were divided into euthyroid (61), latent hypothyroid (36) and overt hypothyroid (12) according to the clinical signs and the serum TSH and T₄ values. The frequency of myocardial infarction in these three groups of patients were compared. Those patients who are asymptomatic with no previous history of thyroid disorders, and with normal serum T₄, but with elevated TSH level were defined as latent hypothyroid. On the other hand, patients who are symptomatic and with lowered serum T₄, but with markedly elevated TSH levels were defined as overt hypothyroid.
It was found that the frequency of myocardial infarction in latent hypothyroid was approximately three times as high as that in the euthyroid patients. On the other hand, the incidence of myocardial infarction in overt hypothyroid was zero.
Since the age, the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesteremia are not significantly different in those three groups, it is possible that latent hypothyroidism could be a new risk factor of myocardial infarction.

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The relation between lipid accumulation and lysosomal enzymes activity in atheroma was investigated. The aorta of the rabbits fed with cholesterol-rich diet showed foci of intimal thickening and the lesions gradually develoved accorded with the degree of hypercholesteremia. The foamy cell appeared in the intimal layer showed fatty droplet, as well as increased lysosomal enzyme activity like acid-phosphatase, beta-glucronidase and so on. Fatty droplets in the cytoplasma appeared to be surrounded by lysosomal enzyme like acid-phosphatase. When the animals were fed with cholesterol-rich diet added by cortisone, no intimal thickening of rabbit aorta was noted in spite of hypercholesteremia. Microscopically, there was neither fatty deposit, nor increased lysosomal enzyme activity of intimal layer.
Electron microscopic study revealed that the macrophages took up lipid material by phagosome, which was then fused with the lysosome, forming phagolysosome. In addition, the transformation from medial smooth muscle cell to intimal macrophage was observed. The same process was also noted in human cases. Based on these findings, the fundmental process of atherogenesis is as follow, hypercholesteremia can stimulate lysosome and enhance its activity of the so-called intimal myocyte, which take up actively and accumulate the fatty material in the intimal layer.

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A complete serial section of the occluded arterial segments from twenty-one cases of thrombosis of the large branches of circle of Willis was made. Twenty-three thrombi were found in these cases and all the thrombi were precipitated on the atherosclerotic or fibrosed arterial wall.
Fifteen cases out of 18 cases of which blood pressure was examined during life showed persistent hypertension and 11 cases out of 18 cases showed hypercholesteremia (>200mg/dl) before the onset of cerebral thrombosis.
The characteristics of thrombosed arterial wall were as follows: intimal hemorrhage in 17 cases, superficial edema of fibrous cap in 2 cases, rupture of the atheroma in 1 case, superficial foam cell accumulation in 1 case and intimal thickening or atheroma in 2 cases.
Many intramural capillaries were present in the atheroma or thickened intima in 13 cases with intimal hemorrhage. It was considered that intimal hemorrhage was resulted from the rupture of these capillaries, not from the backflow of blood through intimal defects, and that these capillaries were derived from the main arterial lumens. In most cases with hypertension the capillary wall were thickened and occasionally showed fibrinoid necrosis associated with hemorrhage and infiltration of hemosiderin-laden macrophages.
Only one thrombus was developed over the break of the atheroma, from which many foam cells, cholesterin crystals and a little fatty gruel were escaped into the arterial lunina.
Two cases showed no intramural hemorrhage, rupture of the intima nor other specific findings except atherosclerotic change of the arterial wall. Clinically these two cases had severe persistent high blood pressure.
From the obervations in these series it appears that intimal hemorrhage from the rupture of intimal capillaries derived from the arterial lumens is the main cause of cerebral thrombosis and that persistent hypertension is the imminent danger of rupture of the intimal capillaries.

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In our previous pathological study of the common carotid arteries of autopsy cases in various diseases, we conformed the fact that the sclerotic changes were stronger in following order, myocardial infaction, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis.
In this study, we selected 10 cases of cerebrovascular diseases, 10 cases of diabetes mellitus with vascular complication and 19 cases of liver cirrhosis. Then we compared of blood aggregation and fibrinolysis from the following items hepaplastin test (II, VII, X), platelet aggregation, platelet factor 3, platelet spreading test, serum phospholipid, plasma fibrinogen, fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), plasminogen and antiplasmin activity (lysin sepharose affinity chromatography).
1) Hepaplastin test was 93.5±18.5% in the normal controls and elevated in the patients with arteriosclerotic groups, (cerebrovascular disease 137.0±19.0%, diabetes mellitus 105.5±15.5%) and decreased in the liver cirrhosis (60.0±9.3%).
2) Platelet aggregation increased in the patients with arteriosclerotic groups, (cerebrovascular disease 63.0±13.0%, diabetes mellitus 65.1±10.3%) but decreased in the liver cirrhosis (45.1±21.4%).
3) Platelet factor 3 level was in normal range, but highest in the diabetes mellitus (86.8±27.7%) and lower in the liver cirrhosis (41.5±20, 0%) and diabetes mellitus (36.7±10.0%). Phospholipid contents in serum, which had a correlation with platelet factor 3, was higher then diabetes mellitus (248±73mg/dl) than other two groups.
4) Fibrinogen level in plasma was 188±11.3mg/dl in the normal controls and elevated in the patients with cerebrovascular disease (305±125.0mg/dl) and diabetes mellitus (281.9±56.2mg/dl).
5) Fibrinolytic activity, considered from FDP, Plasminogen and antiplasmin was elevated in the all three groups. From these findings, local f ibrinolysis was suggested in the case of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus.
6) Platelet mosphological study by means of platelet spreading test showed differences among these three groups.
These finding from the stand point of blood aggregation and f ibrinolysis were compatible with previous pathological findings.

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The significance of thrombus formation in atherogenesis was experimentally studied. The mural white thrombus on the aorta of rabbits induced by insertion of polyethylene tubing was subsequently organized by modified smooth muscle cells and incorporated into the aortic intima, resulting in the localized fibrous thickening of the intima similar to “fibrous plaque” seen in man. Some of these lesions further developed the atherosclerotic lesions resembling “atheroma” found in man without any cholesterol feeding.
A combination of cholesterol feeding with this experimental model enhanced the lipid deposition into the lesion. Degree of lipid depositions correlated closely with the level of serum cholesterol.

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The role of thrombosis on the genesis of early atherosclerosis was discussed on this paper.
Forty-four human aortas were dissected respectively into 30-50 step sections, and were studied morphologically about the existence of thrombi and, if they existed, about their types, and the relation to intimal surface on which they grew.
569 thrombi were found histologically in 1500 sections taken from 44 aortas about mentioned, and the results were as follows:
1) Thrombus formation of human aortas were the findings which could be seen very frequently. The frequency of thrombus formation is 7% in young age group under 30 years old, and with advancing age, its frequency increased; 8% in 3rd decade, 9% in 4th decade, 13.5% in 5th decade, 10.5% in 6th decade, 25.5% in 6th decade and 33.5% in over 80 years old.
2) Thrombi were morphologically classified into three types: microthrombus, membranous fibrin thrombus and organizing thrombus. These thrombi could be found not frequently ever on intimal surface where no sclerotic lesion was seen (“no lesion”).
3) In the section of “no lesion”, the frequency of thromosis was 11%, and almost all of them were microthrombi. The areas of “cloudy thickening” (early lesion) revealed 47% in its frequency, and 6% of all of them were “membranous fibrin” and “organizing” thrombi.
The frequency of thrombus formation on atherosclerotic plaque was 42%. It was remarkably high in comparison with others, and 32% of them were “membranous fibrin” or “organizing” thrombi.
4) Electron-microscopically, endothelial change such as increased cytoplasmic density, lipid droplets, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, detachment of endothelium and subendothelial edema were found in varying degrees.
These changes were frequently observed in normal intima and increased with aging.
These findings were also observed in the intima beneath the thrombi. It was suggested that the change of intima, especially that of endothelium would contribute to thrombus formation. In this study, “no lesion”means the classification of macroscopic level.
5) The trasformation into elevated fibrous lesions or fibrous intimal thickening from microthrombi and membranous fibrin thrombi was demonstrated in serial sections.
6) Though early atherosclerosis could certainly result from the organization of throbus, “cloudy thickening” as an early atherosclerotic lesion would be originated also from tissue reactions occured by hemodynamic or chemical stimili.
These early intimal changes would offer the base for thrombosis and is followed by the development of fibrous plaque and atheroma. It seems doubtful, however, that all of the microthrombi could be organized and transform into fibrous lesions.
Some of them, at least, will disappear by detatching or fibrinolytic activity.

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Fibrinogen derivatives in the cryoprecipitable portion of Blombäck's fraction I-O from 50 patients, mainly with atherosclerosis, were studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No discernible stabilized fibrinogen-fibrin complex could be detected in the electrophoresis. Although stable fibrinogen dimer, probably made by disulfide linkage, were detected in all cases of atherosclerosis and also in normal controls, fibrinogen dimers having γ-γ diads could be observed in only two cases; one with acute myocardial infarction one day prior to the study and the other five months prior to the study. Fraction I-8, clottable derivatives of fibrinogen degradation, could also be found in all cases and in controls. Serial dilution protamine sulfate test showed negative for all plasma samples except one which had acute myocardial infarction one day prior to the study and showed γ-γ diads in the electrophoresis.
Plasma of the atherosclerotic patients showed the increments of plasma fibrinogen concentration and fibrin degradation products together with the shortening of the euglobulin lysis time. Concentration of the plasma fibrin stabilizing factor had no relation to the aging nor to the plasma fibrinogen concentration. Levels of plasma fibrin stabilizing factor in two cases with γ-γ diads remained normal.
Plasma fibrinogen could suppress both the polymerization and crosslinking of fibrin produced in the circulation. Increased plasma fibrinogen may accelerate the suppression of the polymerization and crosslinking of fibrin produced more under the hypercoagulable state of sclerotic patients.
Possible roles of fibrinogen derivatives in the mechanisms of the deposition of insoluble fibrinogen derivatives in the aortic intima (by Shainoff, J. R.) were discussed.

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Phthalazinol, EG 626, has been shown to inhibit the primary and secondary aggregations to ADP of human platelets in highly diluted concentrations such as one gamma per one ml, so that a potent antithrombotic effect is expected. On the other hand, such a potent inhibitory substance against platelet aggregation is presumed to accelerate the bleeding.
(1) The authors tested this drug in 36 spontaneously hypertensive rats kept on 1% salt-water for 35 days and found that all 6 animals of the placebo control group exhibited a severe cerebral hemorrhage, while all 6 animals, received phthalazinol in a daily dose of 50mg/kg, exhibited no hemorrhage and all 6 animals received the compound in a daily dose of 12.5mg/kg exhibited almost no or minimal spots of cerebral hemorrhage. In all 6 animals received 3.1mg/kg and in all 6 animals received 0.76mg/kg of phthalazinol, the cerebral hemorrhage was not prevented, however, the grade of hemorrhage was significantly smaller and slighter than that of the placebo control group. Such evidences revealed unexpectedly a striking, dose-dependent, and statistically significant antihemorrhagic effect of phthalazinol.
(2) According to Furlow and Bass (1975), 56 adult Wister rats (230-280g) were curarized under light chloroform anesthesia and mechanically ventilated on room air via a tracheo stomy. After intravenous injection of heparin, the left external carotid artery was ligated and the left common carotid artery was catheterized. Each animal then received intravenously either saline or phthalazinol of different doses as a pretreatment and 3-5 minutes thereafter they received 50μl of sodium arachidonate solution in a dose of 2mg/kg (in a concentration of 18.3mM) into the left common carotid artery within 0.5 second and 10 minutes thereafter the animal was sacrificed for the gross and histological observation of the brain.
In order to demonstrate platelet thrombi, the histological specimens of the brain were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Thus the seven transections across the whole brain were carefully performed at the same distance throughout the brain and the presence of platelet thrombi was evaluated.
In all 49 rats received intracarotid arachidonate injection, a pretreatment with saline (in 14 animals) or phthalazinol (0.01mg/kg in 7 animals, 0.1mg/kg in 7 animls and 1.0mg/kg in 7 animals) or acetylsalicylic acid (1.0mg/kg in 7 animals and 10.0mg/kg in 7animals) was performed intravenously at 3-5 minutes before the intracarotid injection of sodium arachidonate.
In 7 animals received intracarotid injection of saline, instead of sodium arachidonate, no platelet thrombus was found, while all 14 animals, received intracarotid injection of sodium arachidonate after the pretreatment with saline, exhibited cerebral infarction with the presence of many platelet thrombi filled the cerebral arteries and also veins. In animals received phthalazinol as a pretreatment in a dose of 0.1 to 1.0mg/kg (i. v.) and received intracarotid injection of sodium arachidonate, no platelet thrombus was found in 11 animals (p<0.01) of all 14 animals and the remaining 3 animals exhibited a presence of few small platelet thrombi. In all 7 animals, received the arachidonate challenge after the pretreatment with 0.01mg/kg (i. v.) of phthalazinol, the number of platelet thrombi was slightly reduced as compared with placebo control group, and 6 animals showed a few platelet thrombi, but the remaining one animal exhibited many platelet thrombi.
All 7 animals, received 1.0mg/kg (i. v.) of acetylsalicylic acid as a pretreatment and the intracarotid challenge with sodium arachidonate, exhibited many platelet thrombi. All 7 animals, received 10mg/kg of aspirin as a pretreatment and the arachidonate challenge, also exhibited platelet thrombi, except one and exhibited a tendency slightly to reduce the number of platelet thrombi but not

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Coagulability of blood was measured in 80 cases of acute myocardial infarction, 98 cases of acute cerebral infarction and 33 cases of acute cerebral hemorrhage. Platelet counts, activated partial thromboplastin times, prothrombin times, plasma fibrinogen content, levels of plasma antithrombin III, α₂-macroglobulin and fibrin degradation products (FDP) determined within 1 month before the attack of myocardial infarction or stroke, and those measured within 48 hours or 3 to 7 days following the onset of these diseases were compared with data obtained from 370 healthy subjects over age sixty.
Concentrations of plasma antithrombin III were apparently decreased before and after the development of myocardial infarction. In ten autopsied patients with acute myocardial infarction, three cases with extremely low levels of plasma antithrombin III (less than 2 mg/dl) were complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute cerebral infarction and/or thromboembolism of lower extremities, while no thromboembolic episodes following myocardial infarction were observed in the other seven cases in whom plasma antithrombin III concentrations were more than 20mg/dl. Levels of the other thrombin inhibitor in plasma than antithrombin III, i. e. α₂-macroglobulin, were increased immediately after the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage. Plasma fibrinogen content was markedly increased after the development of myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular diseases. Activated partial thromboplastin times, prothrombin times and FDP did not significantly change before and after the development of these diseases. These data suggest that there may be a relation between development of myocardial infarction and the low levels of plasma antithrombin III. Increased levels of plasma fibrinogen, as a result of myocardial infarction or stroke, may not accelerate coagulation mechanism but act disadvantageously by elevating blood viscosity.
Relationship between activated partial thromboplastin times, prothrombin times, plasma fibrinogen content, levels of plasma antithrombin III, α₂-niacroglobulin or FDP, determined within 1 month before death, and grade of atherosclerosis of aorta, cerebral, coronary or femoral artery, classified grossly with the naked eye, was investigated in 186 autopsied cases without cancer or DIC, retrospectively. There were no correlations between these parameters and the grade of atherosclerosis, except that levels of FDP were significantly increased in cases with severe atherosclerosis of femoral artery. From these results, direct evidences supporting thrombogenic hypothesis of atherosclerosis suggested by Duguid were not obtained. However, atherosclerotic lesion of peripheral artery may activate clotting processes and increase FDP.

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Ninety-two patients with chronic cerebral arteriosclerosis were selected for a study with Pyridinolcarbamate. Sixty-one cases had a follow-up of 12 months under treatment. The drug improved several symptoms related to the disease, particularly the memory for recent data. The exact mechanism of action is not known, although the author admits either a direct effect upon the brain cells or a decrease in platelet aggregation and adhesiveness.

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To date, most of the studies concerning the Permeability Factor (PF) have been done in the experimental inflammation and the significance of this factor was focussed on the initial events during the inflammatory process. However, the role of PF in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hypertensive vascular lesion has attracted special attention.
In the present study PF was partially purified from acidsoluble glycoprotein fraction of human serum using CM-cellulose column chromatography. Its mollecular weight is about 60, 000.
Increased vascular permeability induced by PF lasts for 2hrs while the duration of histamin action is short, only for 10 to 20 minutes. In addition to this, PF showed no caseinolytic activity in the neutral condition.
Plasmin, Kininogenase, Globulin PF and C-1 esterase were serum proteases which were able to generate vasoactive substances, kinin and anaphylatoxin. As is well known, the action of kinin and anaphylatoxin is quite similar to that of histamin.
The results obtained in the present study suggest that PF is different from these serum proteases being capable of mediating increased vascular permeability.
Exact identification of PF as serum protein is remained to be elucidated by using the purified sample.
The possible role of this PF in the development of atherosclerosis and hypertensive arterial lesion is also discussed.

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New microassay of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity (c·AMP·PDE) was deviced with the combination of Lowry's quantitative histochemical method and thin layer chromatographical analysis by Scott and Solomon to measure it's activity in intima and media of the aorta, by which it's activity in about 200-300μg of samples was successfully measured, comparing with their histochemical features. 250μg of intima or media of aorta was dissected from 20-30mμ of freeze-dried sections, on which already precisely described in microassay technics of c·AMP (J. Jap. Atheroscler. Soci. 3: 329 1975). After homogenated with 125μl of 50mM Tris-HCl buffer, 10μl of homogenated samples and 10μl of 50mM Tris-HCl buffer were added with 20μl of reagent mixture and incubated for 10min. under the temperature of 37°C. Reagent mixture was composed of 5μM of 8-³H cyclic·AMP & cyclic·AMP, 150μg of snake venom, 10mM MgCl₂ and 1ml of 50mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4).
After suspended the reaction with 10μl of 2N HCl, 1μl of incubated mixture were spotted on the polygram cell DEAE 300 thin layer chromatogram and developed with the solution of 1M CH₃COONH₄ and 95% ethyl alcohol (30: 75V/V) for 2 hours. Each fraction of adenosine, c·AMP, 5′AMP was collected with vials, radioactivity of each was determined by liquid scintillation counter. Contrary to cases of c·AMP, the activity of c·AMP· PDE in intima, exhibited half as much as that in media of aorta in all experimental animals and man.

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