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Kuniharu Agawa, Hirohumi Kihara, Kaneyoshi Katsura, Yasuo Koike
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
1-9
Published: September 05, 1988
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Vocal function can be evaluated by measuring the air flow rate with a wire anemometer or vented pneumotachograph, abstract the fundamental and formant frequencies from the flow signal because of their high frequency characteristics. We used a vented pneumotachograph to study the laryngeal behavior.
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Kaneyoshi Katsura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
10-19
Published: September 05, 1988
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Subglottal pressure signals during phonation were evaluated by linear prediction analysis in fifteen normal adults.
The first subglottal resonance frequencies, exhibited individual variation, ranging from 420 Hz to 720 Hz. The change in fundamental frequency affected resonance spectra, also suggesting individual variation of subglottal resonance. Moreover, spectrum differences among vowels indicated coupling between the supraglottal and subglottal systems during the closed phase.
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Yoshiro Arisawa
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
20-37
Published: September 05, 1988
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Supra- and sub-neoglottic pressures were measured to clarify the mechanism regulating esophageal speech in ten laryngectomized patients whose vocalization depended entirely on esophageal speech. All were told to try to pronounce the vowel /a/ under various conditions, and some were told to pronouce voiced and voiceless consonants. The following were recorded simultaneously: (1) speech signals, (2) sound via a contact microphone located above the clavicle, (3) supra-neoglottic pressure, and (4) sub-neoglottic pressure. Two sets of miniture pressure transducers, fixed to a fiberscope, were used to measure pressure. The following results were obtained.
Neoglottis averaged 20+/-0.5 cm from the entrace of the nose. The sub-neoglottic pressure was higher than the supra-neoglottic pressure during phonation of the vowel /a/; good speakers could maintain a comparatively uniform sub-neoglottic pressure waveform. During esophageal speech by aspiration, some patients showed a slightly negative sub-neoglottic pressure before it increased. The sub-neoglottic pressure rose higher during loud phonation of /a/ than during comfortable phonation. During sustained phonation of the vowel /a/, good esophageal speakers could maintain the peak sub-neoglottic pressure fora longer time and could control the rise in sub-neoglottic pressure better than could poor speakers. The supra-neoglottic pressure was higher during phonation of a voiceless consonant than during of a voiced consonant.
Direct measurement of supra- and sub-neoglottic pressure seem useful in clarifying the mechanism of esophageal speech.
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Michiko Aga, Ikuji Kawata, Jiro Udaka
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
38-43
Published: September 05, 1988
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Intraoral or pharyngeal air pressure data obtained during production of normal consonants would be useful in reassessing the role of intraoral or pharyngeal air pressure in articulation problems of speakers with velopharyngeal incompetence.
The literature related to the examination of intraoral or pharyngeal air pressure is reviewed.
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Michiko Aga
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
44-53
Published: September 05, 1988
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Pharyngeal air pressure in 10 normal speakers was measured during production of /p/, /b/, /t/, /df, /k/, /g/, /s/ & /z/ in /a/ -consonant- /a/ words placed in carrier sentences.
Pressure was recorded via direct sensing at the tip of a miniaturized pressure transducer inserted into the pharynx via the nasal cavity. The pharyngeal air pressure exhibited two patterns.
The maximal pharyngeal air pressure for voiceless consonants was higher than that for voiced ones. The ascending time for voiced consonants was longer than that for voiceless ones. The descending time did not differ between voiceless and voiced consonants.
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Makoto Kosai, Takeo Eguchi, Michiko Kinoshita, Yasuo Koike
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
54-64
Published: September 05, 1988
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A speech audiometry trial is described for testing the degree of hearing loss. Usually, we used natural speech for the test. However, natural speech does not have universality and reproductibility, whereas synthetic speech does.
We have been trying to use synthetic words for speech a u diometry. This review traces the early work in the development of speech audiometry, distorted speech audiometry, speech synthesis and synthetic speech audiometry.
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Ikuji Kawata, Yasuo Ishitani, Yoshizumi Wada, Hiroshi Miyatake
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
65-69
Published: September 05, 1988
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Hearing acuity in the patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) is generally conductive. Sometimes, however, it is sensorineural. Several causes of sensorineural hearing loss have been described in the literature. One is fluid in the middle ear suppressing the vibration of the inner ear windows or the typmpanic membrane. Another is rupture of inner ear windows. Other causes are diminished oxygen supply through the inner ear windows, and inner ear damage by factors, i. e., endtoxin and prostaglandin, in middle ear effusion.
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Tsukasa Takaishi, Tsuneo Matsuda, Tomoyoshi Takada, Katsuhiko Nakamura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
70-74
Published: September 05, 1988
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Post-caloric secondary phase nystagmus is the spontaneous direction reversal of a nystagmus peripherally induced by thermal stimuli. A 30-year-old female with cerebellar ataxia and postcaloric secondary phase nystagmus (third-phase nystagmus)is reported. CT scan showed cerebellar atrophy. Electronystagmography showed rebound nystagmus. Eye tracking test and optokinetic nystagmus suggested a cerebellar disturbance. Visual suppression was not observed.
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Tsukasa Takaishi, Ikuji Kawata, Tomoyoshi Takada
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
75-79
Published: September 05, 1988
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The influences of habituation and alertness on the simple cold caloric test (20°C,20 sec,5 ml) were examined. With double stimuli, the habituation greatly affected the number of beats, duration and maximum slow phase velocity. As to differences in alertness (between arithmetic and conversation), changes in slow phase velocity were observed in patients with CP (canal paresis).
In the simple cold caloric test, the absolute value of the maximum slow phase velocity is usedtherefore, the influence of habituation and alertness should be considered.
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Yasuo Ishitani, Satoshi Hiraga, Etsuo Endo, Shinsuke Takasugi, Tetsuo ...
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
80-84
Published: September 05, 1988
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A case of central auditory disorder due to bilateral temporal hemorrhage in a 62-year-old woman is reported. Bilateral subcortical lesions were demonstrated by CT scan. Evoked response brainstem auditory pathways were intact. Initial pure tone audiometry showed profound sensorineural hearing loss, which persisted, with difficulty in recognizing speech sounds and music, after 7 months.
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Yasuo Ishitani, Masahiko Taniguchi, Yoshiro Arisawa, Yasuo Koike
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
85-91
Published: September 05, 1988
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There are two problems in evaluating treatments for sudden hearing loss: one is that many concomitant therapies are conducted; the other is that the disease tends toward spontaneous cure. From these considerations, the quantification theory of the first type by Hayashi was used in the present analysis. The prognosis in sudden hearing loss was found to be closely related to the type of audiogram and level of hearing at the first clinical examination, duration of disease before the first examination and age. Among many therapies, administration of prostaglandin E
1 (PGE
1)and vasodilators had favorable effects on prognosis. Therefore, that more detailed clinical examination of PGE
1 as a remedy for sudden hearing loss is necessary.
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Junji Kohda, Michiko Kinoshita, Tatsuya Ishida
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
92-95
Published: September 05, 1988
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Button alkaline batteries are dangerous because they cause rapid tissue destruction on contact with moist tissue. We report a case of a button alkaline battery in the nasal cavity. The patient was a three years old boy, who put a button alkaline battery into his nostril. One month later, septal perforation was observed. Such foreign bodies must be promptly identified and removed.
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Junji Kohda, Katsuhiko Nakamura, Masahiko Taniguchi, Kenjiro Matsuura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
96-100
Published: September 05, 1988
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One hundred and seventy-six patients with unilateral maxillary sinus X-ray shadow during a 5-year period were clinically investigated. Of the 24 malignant cases, we found many complaints, such as buccal swelling and orbital complications; chronic sinusitis was also found frequently.
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Kayoko Takeichi, Mikio Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Ishida, Hiroshi Niki
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
101-106
Published: September 05, 1988
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The cause of upper airway obstruction in most children is adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy; however, obesity can be the cause as in Pickwickian syndrome.
The present case with complaints of loud snoring and sleep a pnea, was a 6-yearold girl who weighted 39 Kg. Her tonsils and adenoids were remarkably enlarged. The maximum mesopharyngeal pressure amplitude during sleep was 68 cmH
2O. Because of upper airway obstruction and obesity, she was diagnosed as having the “Chubby Puffer” syndrome. After adenotonsillectomy, her symptoms were relieved. The suspected mechanism of upper airway obstruction in our case was adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
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Makoto Kosai, Kayoko Takeichi, Yoshizumi Wada, Kenji Takada
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
107-111
Published: September 05, 1988
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We describe an 8-year-old boy with nasal obstruction and sleep apnea due to a large antrochoanal polyp. Before and after the operation, we measured the mesopharyngeal pressure and observed the thoraco-abdominal movement overnight. The preoperative mesopharyngeal pressure amplitude was 41 cmF120; obstructive and mixed apnea was observed preoperatively 246 times during an 8-hours period. Postoperatively, however, mesopharyngeal pressure decreased to 13 cm1-120; sleep apneic episodes were not observed.
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Katsuhiko Nakamura, Kouichi Tamura, Nunomura Shinsaku, Shinya Ohtsu
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
112-116
Published: September 05, 1988
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A 32-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of throat pain and slight fever. On examination, she was found to have a tumor in the left tonsil. Histological examination showed the lesion to be a plasmacytoma. Monoclonal IgG-k was detected in the tumor tissue. There was no evidence of tumor else-where. The tumor was diagnosed as extramedullary plasmacytoma of the tonsil, and removed. Surface marker analysis of the tissue, using monoclonal antibody, demonstrated 64.3%OKIa-1,64.5% B-1,33.9% OKT-3,25.8% OKT-4 and 16.6% OKT-8. This showed the tumor cells had B-cell surface markers, suggesting that the tumor was the result of plasmacytoid cell proliferation.
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Kayoko Takeichi, Toshiyuki Yamashita, Shinya Ohtsu, Yasuo Koike
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
117-122
Published: September 05, 1988
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Statistical investigations were carried out on 188 patients (25 males and 163 females)with thyroid diseases encountered between 1981 and 1985. Most were 50's years of age. Their chief complaints were abnormal sensation of the throat (35.7%), swelling of anterior neck (24.9%) and voice disorders (15.1%). Most patients with chronic thyroiditis complained of abnormal sensation in the throat; most with subacute tyroiditis complained of sore throat, pain on swallowing and cervical pain. Most patients with thyroid tumor complained of swelling and tumor in the anterior neck, and in patients with malignant tumor voice disorders were the most frequent complaint.
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Toshiyuki Yamashita, Mikio Yamaguchi, Yasuo Ishitani
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
123-127
Published: September 05, 1988
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We examined the effects of local hyperthermia by humidified aerosol at 43°C on blood flow in the epipharynx using a spectrum analyzer. We measured the blood flow in patients with epipharyngitis, abnormal sensation in the throat, before and after nasal hyperthermia, as well as in healthy subjects.
Epipharynx blood flow was high in the ep i pharyngitis group, and was decreased by local hyperthermia. Local hyperthermia normalized epipharynx blood flow in the group with abnormal sensation in the throat. In some patients abnormal sensation in the throat disappeared or decreased after local hyperthermia; therefore, this treatment appears to be useful.
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Mikio Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki Yamashita, Shigeru Miki, Kenjiro Matsuura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
128-135
Published: September 05, 1988
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One of the causes of abnormal sensation in the throat is psychological. We selected 7 patients in whom it appeared that psychosomatic or neurotic tendencies triggered for abnormal sensation in the throat. We used frontal muscle electromyographic biofeedback for relaxation therapy and autogenic training; the abnormal sensation disappeared or decreased in 6 patients.
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Jiro Udaka, Hiroyuki Kanetake, Hirobumi Kihara
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
136-143
Published: September 05, 1988
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The responses of the human larynx to some sensory cranial nerves stimuli were studied. Ten healthy adults during phonation at constant pitch and loudness received repeated click sound stimuli in both ears, photo stimuli in both eyes or electrical stimuli in a supra-orbital nerve. The muscle activity of the larynx was recorded with bipolar hooked wire electrodes inserted into the crico-thyroid muscles and or lateral crico-arytenoid muscles. The induced EMG potentials were full-wave rectified and averaged about eighty times and the activity change in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles caused by the sensory cranial nerve stimulation was determined.
Increased muscle activity was observed in most subjects who received sound or electrical stimulation, but not in those who received photo stimulation. The mean latent time from the stimulus to the maximum amplitude of muscle activity induced by the electrical stimulation to a supra-orbital nerve was longer than that by sound stimulation. The latency to the maximum amplitude of the response wave contralateral to the supra-orbital nerve stimulation tended to be longer than that ipsilateral to the stimulation.
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Shinya Ohtsu, Kayoko Takeichi, Jnnji Kohda, Jiro Udaka
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
144-149
Published: September 05, 1988
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A case of vocal cord hemorrhage is reported. The patient was a 50-year-old woman, in whom hoarseness is associated with her menstrual cycle. On laryngoscopic examination, the vocal cords were edematous and submucosally hemorrhaged during menstruation, but almost normal during nonmenstruation. Hormonal checkup revealed an abnormally high level of estradiol at the early period of menstruation. After menopause, these findings and symptoms disappeared.
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Shigeru Miki, Hiromi Shimakawa, Michiko Aga, Kenjiro Matsuura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
150-153
Published: September 05, 1988
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Eagles's syndrome is charactarized by an elongated styloid process of the temporal bone. The present case in,34-year-old male showed typical neuralgia, a dull, nagging pain in the throat, often localized to the tonsillar fossa and radiating to the ear. In this case the approach was through an external neck incision; about 25 mm of the bone was removed. One month later, the patient had no pain but slight foreign body sensation was noted at the vallecula epiglottica.
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Ikuji Kawata, Kouichi Tamura, Yosirou Arisawa, Akira Kanamura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
154-157
Published: September 05, 1988
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A 43-year-old female came to our hospital with complaint of a nonpainful mass in the lower parathyroid glands; it was loosely attached to the thyroid. Histological examination showed the cyst to be lined with a single layer cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The presence of parathyroid tissue within the wall suggested a parathyroid cyst.
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Satoshi Hiraga, Kuniharu Agawa, Junji Kohda, Kaneyoshi Katsura
1988 Volume 1988 Issue Supplement24 Pages
158-162
Published: September 05, 1988
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Head and neck malignancies (411 cases) treated between 1974 and 1983 at our hospital are reviewed. Of these,135 cases had various general complications. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary insufficiency and cerebrovascular disorders were most commonly noted. The complications could not be controled in 17 patients,13 of whom were aged. We feel that in treating head and neck malignancies, it is important to pay attention to the general conditions.
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