The relationship between organisms and optical radiation cannot be discussed without relying on some knowledge from illuminative engineering. The lumen method is an important and easy-to-use method for appropriate lighting design. It is also effective when using LED or other newly developed light sources. In this relation, light supplement, plant factories, seedling factories, insect pest control, and fisheries represent important keywords. In this paper, some results of our studies on the cultivation of photosynthetic algae using artificial light; these algae are used in fishery and seedling production.

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Agriculturalists have long sought for means of achieving agricultural production according to plan, by excluding influences from weather. With the development of facility gardening (exemplified by the spread of glass greenhouses since the 1970s), vegetable factories using both natural and artificial light have been developed, as well as fully controlled plant factories. Some fully controlled vegetable factories have already been commercialized, and operated according to year-round production plans. Also, closed systems specialized in seedling production have been commercialized. A characteristic of these facilities is that they use artificial light. This paper discusses light sources suitable for plant cultivation; the reactions of plants to light; and methods for producing high-quality plants efficiently using artificial light.

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A high pressure sodium lamp(HPS) was placed about 1m above the plant level as a supplementary lighting during short day periods in an existing production greenhouse for its improved productivity. The production time was significantly shortened, and the quality of the produced plants was significantly improved for the plugs, cell packs, and potted plants of ornamentals by the increased day length and higher temperature provided by the HPS. This technology promotes efficient use of production greenhouses and accelerated shipping of the products.

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Studies of insect vision have led to the identification of light wavelengths that contribute to attracting them. Luminaires that attract fewer insects have been developed by excluding those parts of these wavelengths which do not influence the human vision significantly. Also, it is important to numerically determine the capacity of light to attract insects, in evaluating this capacity regarding various light sources and luminaires. Proposals have been put forward to define a new index of insect attraction based on light spectral sensitivity, intensity, luminaire efficiency etc.

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The function and requirement of fishing light are outlined through the industrial background of light fisheries such as squid jigging, purse seine for jack mackerel and stick-held dip net for Pacific saury. In addition to the specifications of lighting devices on board and under water, the photoreception and behaviour of the target species to fishing light are surveyed in relation to optical features of sea water by spectro-transmittance from the aspect of fishing technology. This paper presents the R&D trends of fishing light including the application of LED for saving energy and creating new practical operations in the Japanese fisheries.

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Among typical light technologies applied to microbes are those for sterilization against bacteria and molds. Already established as industrial technologies, these technologies are classified into air sterilization, solution sterilization and surface sterilization. Progress is being achieved in each of these fields. This paper introduces instances of the application of the technologies to their respective objects. In particular, it introduces the pulse light sterilization technology, that has recently been a focus of attention in medical care due to its capacity to effect both total and partial sterilization.

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