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楳田 慎一, 羽田 正代, 真下 清, 和井内 徹, 杉本 義一, 三木 康朗
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p.
176-179
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Two kinds of Ishikari Peats (50cm and 500cm in depth) were successively extracted at 100, 150, 200, and 250℃ in ethanol and benzene (1:2). The extracts were classified into four fractions by using silica gel chromatography, and the saturated and aromatic fractions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The extraction residues were further hydrogenated over a Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3 catalyst at 350℃, and gases and the toluene soluble portions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS.
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芦田 聡, 沈 建立, 鷹觜 利公, 飯野 雅
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p.
180-183
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Coal dissolution was carried out in several hydrogen donating solvent or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at low temperatures (175-300℃) under N_2 atmosphere without a catalyst. 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10-hexahydroanthracene (HHA) which is a strong hydrogen donating solvent and NMP were found to give high dissolution yields even at such low temperatures. In the case of HHA, the quantities of hydrogen transferred from the solvent to a coal correlated well with the dissolution yields. For both cases of HHA and NMP, the dissolution reaction products were characterized to elucidate their dissolution mechanisms.
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西山 [ヨシ]行, 白土 宏幸, 村上 賢治
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p.
184-187
発行日: 1995/10/26
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The changes in the infrared spectra of a brown coal with or without ion exchanged cations by heating were measured by a difffuse reclection method using an FTIR spectrometer. The gradual changes in OH and CH stretching absorptions as well as the shift in aromatic ring vibrations at around 1600cm^<-1> were compared among the specimen. Different modes of dehydroxylation and structural relaxation dependeng on the presence or absence of cations are suggested.
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相田 哲夫, 堤 幸成
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p.
188-191
発行日: 1995/10/26
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A reliable quantitative analytical method for oxygen containing functionalities in coal, particularly, phenolic-OH and carboxylic-OH, has been developed. This method involved a quantitative chemical reactions of these functionalities with various borohydrides in a pyridine solvent. It is well-known that coal swells in pyridine very well, and provides, so-called a coal/pyridine gel in which the mass-transportation into the matrix of the macromolecular network of coal is considered to be significantly improved. From the preliminary experiments we have learned that there seemed to be serious misevaluations of the quatities of these functionalities in coals previously reported, particularly, towards the higher rank of coal, ie., sub-bituminous and bituminous coals.
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清水 聖幸, 斉藤 郁夫, 嶋村 健, 浜田 俊孝, 菅沼 彰
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p.
192-195
発行日: 1995/10/26
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HF/BF_3 was found to depolymerize and desulphurize high sulphur coal in the presence of hydrocarbon without gaseous hydrogen at milder reaction conditions of 150-200℃ for 3h under autogeneous pressure of 3-8MPa. And characterization of sulphur forms in the treated coals were carried out by XPS in order to clear the residual sulphur forms and sulphur behavior in this acid-catalyzed depolymerization reaction.
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小島 重行, 玉井 久司, 安田 源, 古田 毅, 山田 能生, 白石 稔
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p.
196-199
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Mesoporous carbons were prepared by steam activation of coals with metal chetate complexes. The activated carbons with mesopores were obtained from Titanium oxide acetylacetonate dispersed on Miike, Taiheiyo or Morwell coal. The specific surface areas and mesopore ratios were evaluated by measuring the nitrogen adsorption isotherms. In addition, the crystal size and the dispersion of TiO_2 on the carbon were obtained by transmission electron microscope and the formation mechanism of mesopores was estimated from these results.
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小笹 康紀, 大高 康雄, 岡田 清史
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p.
200-203
発行日: 1995/10/26
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A high pressure drop-tube reactor was used to estimate the combustion reactivity of the coal for effect of coal rank and pressure. When the coal combustion under pressurized was conducted by using the coal which an index of unburned carbon (Uc%) on coal combustion was about 30% to 40% at atmospheric pressure, Uc% decreased to 2% and combustion reactivity of the coal was improved. Increase in pressure increased evolution of volatile matter and its concentration around particles due to diffusion coefficients being proportional to 1/pressure, therefor it seemed that rise of temperature at ignition of coal particle was higher under pressurized than at atmosphere pressure and char combustion of next stage was accelerated.
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菊池 昭男, 中嶋 義明, 岡西 和也, 田中 繁三
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p.
204-207
発行日: 1995/10/26
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As you known, the productivity improvement, coke quality improvement, and energy-saving effect at coke ovens increase as the charging coal moisture decreases. Nippon steel has developed and commercialized a process for decreasing the charging coal moisture as much as possible by agglomerating the very fine coal.
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坂輪 光弘, 佐々木 正樹, 中川 朝之, 加藤 健次, 有馬 孝, 古牧 育男
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p.
208-211
発行日: 1995/10/26
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加茂 徹, 古屋 武, 山本 佳孝, 三木 啓司, 佐藤 芳樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
212-215
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Flash pyrolysis of Taiheiyo coal was carried out at 764℃ and 920℃ under 0.1MPa and 6.0MPa of hydrogen gas by using curie-point-pyrolyzer. Under high pressure of hydrogen, conversion of pyrolysis decreased, reactions of hydrogen with char and precursor of char were accelerated. Hydrogen transfer during pyrolysis of 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroquinoline (5-THQ)-swollen-coal was studied.
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海保 守, 安田 肇, 山田 理, 小林 光雄, 曽根田 靖
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p.
216-219
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Chemical composition of gas produced by coal gasification was used for the estimation of material and thermal balances of the process. It seemed to be reflect the chemical reactions occured in the reactor, but no way was known to specify the reaction pathway based on the percentage of each gas. In spite of the difference of gasifire type, temperature, contacting condition of gas and solid, it was found that a plot of CO% vs CO_2% of gas produced gave a straight line for various kinds of gasification processes. A mathematical expression was derived for the linear relation and applied for the estimation of utility rate of oxygen and steam of HYCOL's results.
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林 潤一郎, 天本 忍, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
220-223
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Morwell brown coal was heat-treated at 260℃ and 300℃ under a vapor of lower alcohols at 1.5-5.8MPa. Then the pressure was instantaneously released, and the swollen coal was rapidly quenched. Predominant absorption in FT-i.r. spectra of coal treated with vapor of methanol and 2-propanol were attributed to aryl-methyl abd aryl-isopropyl ethers, respectively. The combination of explosion and rapid quenching was indispensable for introducing such ethers and disrupting hydrogen bonds irreversibly. The effect of the explosion on thermal degradability of the coal was evaluated by means of the rapid pyrolysis at 764℃ in a Curie-point pyrolyzer. The explode-quenched coal with methanol or 2-propanol yielded 33kg of tar per 100kg of the original coal, 17kg higher than did the untreated coal. The enhanced tar evolution was explained by suppression of cropss-linking reactions as well as donation of hydrogen and alkyl radicals from introduced aryl-alkyl ethers to coal fragment radicals.
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泉谷 文穂, 大隈 修, 田口 敬志, 清水 孝浩, 井上 聡則
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p.
224-227
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Flash pyrolysis of coal swollen with polar solvent (phenol) was investigated with three coals of different rank. Phenol in swollen coal increased the tar yield and decreased the inorganic gas yield, especially H_2O. The swelling effect was larger in higher content of phenol, and for lower rank coal.
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森下 佳代子, 山崎 勲, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
228-231
発行日: 1995/10/26
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In order to clarify the physical and chemical properties of coal char treated at high temperature, coal chars of various coal rank were characterized by oxygen gasification, TPD technique and BET method.
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村岡 淳一, 熊谷 治夫, 千葉 忠俊, 真田 雄三, D.S. Webster, R. Sakurovs, D. Phan
原稿種別: 本文
p.
232-235
発行日: 1995/10/26
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The effects of LiI doping on pyrolysis of a brown coal were inverstigated by means of TG, ^1H-NMR, and EPR. It was shown that the pyrolysis is enhanced with the doping. The results obtained from NMR (PMRTA) and EPR indicated that the enhancement is due to increase in the molecular mobility of coal and to suppression of formation of cross-linkage structures during pyrolysis.
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宝田 恭之, 石川 博規, 阿部 秀臣
原稿種別: 本文
p.
236-239
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Four kinds of alkali compounds and kaolinite were added to acid-treated Yallourn coal. The alkali-loaded coal was pyrolyzed in N_2 and gasified in CO_2 atmosphere. The effects of temperature, gasifying atmosphere, mineral matter and carbon conversion on volatilization of alkalis and gasification rate were examined. The organically bound sodium in coal was appreciably stable below 840℃ in N_2, whereas the sodium retained in char was easily released with the progress of char gasification. The alkali volatilization both in the pyrolysis stage of coal and in the gasification stage of char were suppressed by the addition of kaolinite. The catalytic effectiveness of alkali metal on the gasification rate was affected by the addition of kaolinite and coal particle size. The char gasification rate was extraordinally enhanced by the addition of Na_2SiO_3.
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呉 志恒, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
240-243
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Demineralization of a Chinese lignite with HCl washing decreases remarkably conversion of coal nitrogen to N_2 during pyrolysis, whereas it increases the conversion to char-N. Contrarily, the fate of the nitrogen in an Australian bituminous coal is not changed significantly with NaOH treatment followed by H_2SO_4 washing, though the ash content is decreased drastically by the treatment. The X-ray diffraction measurements of high temperature ashes reveal that iron and calcium species inherently present in the lignite can be removed by HCl washing. The addition of a nanophase iron oxide catalyst with mean particle size of 3nm into coal promotes the formation of N_2 from all the coals examined with the corresponding decrease of residual nitrogen in the chars, but the catalytic effect depends strongly on the coal type.
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杉山 雅胤, 朝見 賢二, 庄 前林, 大塚 康夫
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p.
244-247
発行日: 1995/10/26
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The iron and calcium co-loaded on brown coal respectively promote efficient conversion of the nitrogen to N_2 and capture the sulfur evolved during the fluidized bed pyrolysis at 900℃. When the co-loaded brown coal and a high sulfur bituminous coal is co-pyrolyzed, the iron shows no catalytic effect on the formation of N_2 from the bituminous coal, but the calcium captures almost all of H_2S evolved from the coal. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the brown coal char, separated magnetically from the mixed chars, reveals that the iron is present in the reduced forms and the calcium is converted to CaS.
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折笠 広典, 鈴木 武志, 京谷 隆, 富田 彰, Ronald R. Martin
原稿種別: 本文
p.
248-251
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Isotopes of C, NO, O_2 were used to analyze the reaction of C/NO in the presence of O_2. The following conclusions were obtained from the present study: (1) Oxygen-containing surface complexes played an important role in the reaction with NO; (2) NO was dissociatively adsorbed on carbon and formed a new bond with surface oxygen; (3) Under the present reaction conditions, we found no evidence for the formation of N_2 which was made of one N from surface and another N from NO.
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東 忠幸
原稿種別: 本文
p.
252-254
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Nippon steel has developed the advanced process of resolved chemical oxzen demande of coke oven gas liquor by ozone after activated sludge process. This development is the most suitable injection and quantity of ozone for chemical oxygen demande. This equipment operated from April '94.
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近藤 寧子, 陳 勇, 山崎 量平, 森 滋勝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
255-258
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Measurement of heat-transfer coefficient between a fluidized bed and a heater is conducted with coke particles as fluidized particles by changing the heater location in radial direction. The heat-transfer coefficient becomes larger with increasing fluidized gas velocity and with setting the heater nearby the center of the fluidized bed. The temperature of the surface of the heater is higher at the bottom of the bed indicating that the heat-transfer coefficient shows a tendency to become smaller. The observed values of heat-transfer coefficient are compared with the calculated ones obtained from a newly proposed model.
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世良 俊邦, 多谷 淳, 洲崎 誠, 井上 健治, 大西 召一, 荒木 成光, 高畠 英章, 中山 稔夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
259-262
発行日: 1995/10/26
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A coal gasification combined cycle power plant is under development with a 200t/d pilot plant. Demonstration tests, of the gas cleanup unit have been repeatedly conducted with the gasified gas containing dust and sulfur compounds (H_2S,COS etc) with a 20t/d Fixed Bed Type pilot plant installed in January 1993. Finally 765 hours of continuous operation was achieved during the March-April, 1995 test run.
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鈴木 祐一郎, 杉本 義一, 岡田 清史
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p.
263-266
発行日: 1995/10/26
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8 samples from resent plant materials and pests were heated with water under various temperatures. Product materials, artificial coals, have been measured their vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and observed their petrographic texture. From the results of Ro, Ro of woody parts increase linearly under all temperature, but that of leaves and pests are not liner and changed around Ro=0.6 which is recognized the beginning of oil formation. On petrographically observations, it assumed that one of important factors for coal characteristics is under the condition during a few years after depositions.
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松岡 献二郎, 熊谷 治夫, 真田 雄三, 千葉 忠俊, 佐々木 正秀
原稿種別: 本文
p.
267-270
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Change in the conformation of coal molecules in pyridine/CS 2 mixed solvent has been investigated with a L-band EPR and a ^1H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular mobility of coal obtained from NMR was found to vary in a close correspondence to swelling behaviour. For Upper Freeport (UF) coal, EPR characteristics are well correlated with swelling behaviour and the molecular mobility, indicating that the conformation of OF coal is affected strongly by π-π interaction. The interaction was much less effective for Beulah Zap coal than UF coal.
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劉 宏濤, 鷹觜 利公, 及川 英俊, 中西 八郎, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
271-274
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique is an effective method to investigate association behaviors of particles and molecules in solutions. Carbon disulfide (CS_2)-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) mixed solvent (1:1 by volume) gives high extraction yields for many bituminous coals at room temperature, and the yields increase by the addition of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). This effect was explained by the breaking of the association between coal molecules. In this study, the diffusion coefficient of coal extract solution in N, N-dimethyl-formamide was estimated by the DLS measurement, and the effect of addition of TCNE was investigated.
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小谷川 毅, 山本 光義, 佐々木 正秀, 吉田 忠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
275-278
発行日: 1995/10/26
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The microwave electromagnetic field constitutes an original source of energy to activate chemical reactions. This energy has been particularly used for the catalytic conversion of methane to ethylene and other hydrocarbons. This phenomenon is more emphasized when the irradiated material has a strong dipole character. This is particularly the case with those materials where the materialis more or less hydrate, and contains numerous polar OH groups. So, We have started to study the application of microwave irradiation to the skeletal rearangement of coals to create a new field for the reaction. So, the aim of this report is to present some preliminary results obtained on Tanito Harum coal and Yallourn coal submitted to the microwave field.
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武田 哲也, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 鹿住 登, 今田 邦弘
原稿種別: 本文
p.
279-282
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Gas holdups in the PSU coal liquefaction reactor were determined by a differential pressure method under the conditions of 170kg/cm^2G and ambient temperature to 450℃. For all velocities tested, gas holdups in the PSU reactor increased with increasing superficial gas velocity and this slope was approximately constant.
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三田 茂, 三橋 俊嗣, 井口 憲二, 糸永 真須美, 今田 邦弘
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p.
283-286
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At 1t/d PSU, coal slurry was liquefied with hydrogen at over 723K in nearly 200 atm. So, the equipments were damaged with these surroundings. To predict the task of plant maintenance in pilot plant, and also to obtain the direction of the process design of scale up equipment in demonstration plant and commercial plant, the equipment damages at 1t/d PSU were evaluated. As the results, the damage caused with the surroundings above was often occurred. However, the damage caused by its material property was less occurred than former.
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渡部 良久, 和田 健司, 畑 和明, 富士 由將, 川崎 徳明, 光藤 武明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
287-290
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Pentacarbonyliron (Fe(CO)_5)/sulfur or synthetic pyrite shows excellent catalytic activity towards the liquefaction of various coals in alcohol -CO systems. Linear alcohol (ethanol or n-propanol) -CO act as an effective hydrogen source, whereas branched alcohols were less effective. The Fe(CO)_5/sulfur-catalyzed liquefaction of Yallourn coal at 375℃ for 120min in the presence of ethanol -CO afforded a high coal conversion of 99.5%. The IR measurements of asphaltene fractions revealed the absorptions at around 1700cm^<-1>, characteristic for linear alcohol -CO systems.
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金持 真理子, 兼子 隆雄, 蔭山 陽一, 熊谷 治夫, 真田 雄三
原稿種別: 本文
p.
291-294
発行日: 1995/10/26
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By using high temperature ESR and TG-MS, radical formation in Victorian brown coal by thermal decomposition was investigated and structural change, of coal at initial stage is discussed in this report. It was found that there are two steps of increase in radical concentration at the temperature of 200 to 350℃ and higher than 350℃. From the result of TG-MS, they were suggested the possibility of relation to decomposition of oxygen containing functional groups and cleavage of C-C bonds respectively. When coal was heated with Dihydroanthracene, radical concentration was reduced in the region of 200 to 350℃ than the case of 1-Methylnaphthalene. Moreover, ordinary ESR spectra of coal pretreated above 350℃ showed that radical concentration was lowered by tetralin added solvent. It suggests that transferable hydrogen in solvent suppressed the formation of aromatic π radicals in pretreated coal
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桃野 英治, 今井 潤, 兼子 隆雄, 蔭山 陽一
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p.
295-298
発行日: 1995/10/26
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The deposition behavior of scale in coal liquefaction reaction was investigated by using autoclave setting stainless steel test-piece. It was found that the deposit on test-piece consisted of dolomite and pyrrhotite and there was smaller amount of deposit in the case of using γ-ferric oxyhydroxide or pyrite as a catalyst than using iron oxide.
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佐々木 正秀, 井戸川 清, 吉田 忠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
299-302
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Coal liquefaction and hydrogenolysis of solvent were conducted by a batch and a benchscale continuous reactor. These experiments were curried out using decrystallized anthracene oil as a solvent and red-mud/sulfur as a catalyst under three kinds of initial pressure. Structural parameters for products were calculated by Brown-Ladner method. The hydrogenolysis of the solvent were accelerated using the continuous reactor under the same conditions. For coal liquefaction, high molecular weight materials were concentrated in oil fraction at 10MPa of initial pressure. However, increasing initial pressure from 10MPa to 20MPa was possible to prevent these materials from concentrating in oil fraction. In addition, hydrogenolysis of oil fraction was remarkably proceeded at 30MPa.
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小山 謙一, 真下 清, 和井内 徹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
303-306
発行日: 1995/10/26
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Catalytic effects on the co-upgrading reactions of Coal Liquid and Coal Liquefaction Residue were disscussed in the presence of several catalysts under 5.9MPa of initial hydrogen pressure at 693K for 60min. In order to investigate the activities of hydrocracking (HC) and hydrogenation (HY) of several catalysts, model reactions were carried out by using Diphenylmethane and Phenanthrene under the same conditions as co-upgrading reactions
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山本 光義, 吉田 忠, 小谷川 毅
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p.
307-310
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In selective nuclear hydrogenation of condensed aromatics, a new type of catalyst was investigated by a high pressure DTA techniques. Findings are that Ru/ZnO-La_2O_3, Ru/Mn_2O_3-ZnO, Ru/Mn_2O_3-La_2O_3 and Ru/Mn_2O_3-NiO showed activities for highly selective nuclear hydrogenation of naphthalene, anthracene and a coal liquid (b.p.250℃-350℃). The selectivity for nuclear hydrogenation was found to be over 98%. These results were much better than that of the HDS-3 catalyst by Cyanamid Co. Ltd.. Also, Mn_2O_3-NiO catalyst showed high activity without impregnating Ru. The results on the catalysis of these catalysts will be presented in this paper.
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山本 佳孝, 古屋 武, 加茂 徹, 三木 啓司, 佐藤 芳樹
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p.
311-314
発行日: 1995/10/26
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To separate poly aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds, which have very high melting point, high pressure crystallization technique was modified to use solvent and it was applied to the separation of anthracene from model mixture and real anthracene cake. At the condition of 60℃, 1500kg/cm^2, high purity anthracene crystal with 99.1wt% was recovered from the model mixture by this technique. On the other hand, in the case of real anthracene cake, which include some trace components, the purity of recovered anthracene was slightly influenced by the minor compounds.
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三浦 孝一, 高角 章夫, 前 一広, 牧 泰輔
原稿種別: 本文
p.
315-318
発行日: 1995/10/26
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
We have recently presented a new and simple method for estimating f(E) and K_o(E) in the Distributed-Activation-Energy-Model (DAEM) from three sets of experimental data. The new method was applied to the analysis of the pyrolysis reaction of more than 14 kinds of coals. The validity of the method was clarified through the comparison of the rate parameters determined and the data reported in the literatrure.
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張 戦国, メッタ チャレオンパニチ, アリ ラドワン, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
319-322
発行日: 1995/10/26
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Coal pyrolysis produces a variety of products. Therefore for a reasonable design of an economical process, it is essential to have a detailed planning how to properly use all the products. We have been investigating the method to control the product distribution. The present study attempts to obtain basic pyrolysis data under a high pressure hydrogen with a continuous coal feed. It was found that the pyrolysis temperature, residence time and catalyst have large effects on the hydrocracking reaction.
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松尾 芳大, 林 潤一郎, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
323-326
発行日: 1995/10/26
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
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Yallourn brown coal was subjected to rapid pyrolysis at 500-900℃ with an entrained-flow pyrolyzer and a Curie-point pyrolyzer. The rapid pyrolysis was also conducted for the coals impregnated with iron precursors, ferrocene and ferric acetate. The micropore size distribution in the rapid pyrolysis char was determined by the molecular probe method using C0_2, C_2H_6, n-C_4H_<10> and i-C_4H_<10> and was compared with that in slow pyrolysis char. The heating-rate effect was evident on micropore size distribution as well as the product distributionand the elemental composition and He density of char. Micropores larger than 0.5nm in diameter did not exist in the rapid pyrolysis chars from the original coals. The iron precursors incorporated into the coals drastically changed the pore size distribution of the resulting char. For the iron-impregnated coal, the pore size was quite increased, and the volume of pores ranging between 0.5 and 1.0nm in diameter reached about 80wt% of the total pore volume, while the total pore volume was little changed.
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王 杰, 張 戦国, 小林 芳男, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
327-330
発行日: 1995/10/26
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A method of Ca(OH)_2 leaching followed by a dilute HCl washing to remove mineral matter from Newstan coal is proposed and the chemistry of demineralization is reported in this paper. A maximum ash removal reached 76% when leached with 5% of CaO at 340℃ for 30min. It was observed from XRD results that quartz and kaolinite were major phases in the original coal. Upon the reaction with Ca(OH)_2, the quartz and the kaolinite formed calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminum silicate hydrates, respectively, which are soluble in acid at least in part. The calcium aluminum silicate hydrates readily absorbed SO_2 during the high temperature ashing and resulted in the formation of anhydrite.
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