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発行日: 2014/10/14
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佐久間 直勝
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ii-xi
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青木 秀之
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xii-xv
発行日: 2014/10/14
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Recent years, a manufacturing of high-strength coke for stable low reducing agent ratio blast furnace operation is required to reduce CO_2 emission. On the other hand, in order to produce the high-strength coke, high-quality caking coals should be used. However the rising price of those caking coals continues and the use of the coals causes the resource depletion. So we should now develop the cokemaking technologies for use of low-quality coals or unused carbon resources. The specific fundamental research project in ISIJ called "Cokemaking Technology for Law-Quality and Unused Carbon Resources" were carried out for three years. In this paper, overview of the project activities is introduced and author's recent research results for coke strength which is analyzed experimentally and numerically, are presented.
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高橋 正貴
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xvi-xxi
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大谷 栄治
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xxii-xxiii
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Carbon is one of the most important elements in our solar system. This element exists as many different forms in space and Earth's interior. Diamond is the important high pressure polymorph of carbon and is observed in extraterrestrial and terrestrial environments. In this review, I summarize the forms of carbon in Space and Earth's interior with special emphasis for the diamond formation in the Earth and Space.
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小川 歩, 望月 友貴, 坪内 直人
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セッションID: No.1
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Catalytic performance of α-FeOOH-rich limonite in the decomposition of 100 ppmv pyridine (C_5H_5N) in different atmospheres under a large space velocity of 51000 h^<-1> has been investigated with a fixed bed quartz reactor to develop a novel hot gas cleanup method of removing the nitrogen in tar as N_2. The limonite catalyst achieves the almost complete decomposition of C_5H_5N in He at 500-750℃ and gives high N_2 yield of more than 80% at least for 10h at 500℃. The limonite is seriously deactivated by cofeeding syngas (20% CO/10% H_2) with C_5H_5N because of carbon deposition from CO. On the other hand, the addition of 10% CO_2 to the syngas improves the catalytic activity and restores the yield at 750℃ to ≥ 80% without carbon deposition.
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和田 祥平, 堺 康爾, 吉田 拓也, 奥山 憲幸, 濱口 眞基, 菊池 直樹, 井上 聡則
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セッションID: No.2
発行日: 2014/10/14
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Air oxidation of the Hyper-coal (ash-free coal, HPC) and the carbonization properties of the oxidized HPC were studied with the aim to utilize the HPC as a feedstock for high purity carbonaceous materials. It was revealed that the introduction of oxygen-containing functionalities by the oxidation at 250℃ provides the HPC with a self-sinterable characteristics, and a substantial increase in the carbonization yield.
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藤墳 大裕, WANNAPEERA Janewit, 蘆田 隆一, 三浦 孝一
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セッションID: No.3
発行日: 2014/10/14
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We have developed a new effective method which realizes both dewatering and upgrading of low carbonaceous materials including biomass, peat, brown coals, and lignites by treating them in a non-polar solvent at temperatures below 350℃. For practical use, it is required to reduce energy for recovering solvent-soluble fraction, which we call "Soluble", from the solvent and to reduce the amount of solvent used. Then we have recently proposed an idea to overcome these problems, which users the solvent saturated with Soluble. It is necessary to understand the reactivity of Soluble at the temperatures around 350℃ for examining the validity of the idea. In this study, the pyrolysis of Soluble was carried out by using tubular autoclave and the thermal behavior of the solid product was investigated. It was found that decompostion of oxygen-containing functional groups and polymerization occured even at 350℃, which was caused by the high concentration of aliphatic carbons in Soluble. The thermal behavior of the solid product pyrolyzed at 400℃ was significantly different from Soluble.
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若田 俊輔, 植木 保昭, 義家 亮, 成瀬 一郎
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セッションID: No.4
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One of the important purposes of the coke in the blast furnace is the spacer to ensure the gas and liquid permeability. In other hands, Ash particles in coke became slags inside the furnace and these are one of the causes that significantly worsen the permeability. in this study, combustion experiments of coke were conducted and ash particles in the coke samples were analyzed by using SEM/EDX in order to clarify ash particles behavior during combustion of coke.
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齋藤 泰洋, 松尾 翔平, 金井 鉄也, 井川 大輔, 宮本 幸典, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 野村 誠治, 林崎 秀幸, 宮下 重人
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セッションID: No.5
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To quantify the amount of defects in coke with low-quality coal, which were considered as one of the factors of coke strength, the fracture cross-sections were observed by a 3D scanning microscope (LSM) and the image recognition method was proposed. In the proposed image recognition method, the dark parts in the LSM image were identified as the pores, the rough parts excluding the pores were classified as non-adhesion grain boundaries, and the others were as coke matrices. As a result, the defects which were composed of both pores and non-adhesion grain boundaries, increased with the blending ratio of low-quality coal. Therefore, the image recognition method is expected as one of the quantification technique of defects in coke with low-quality coal.
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崎元 尚土, 鷹觜 利公, 堺 康爾, 宍戸 貴洋, 奥山 憲幸, 濱口 眞基
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セッションID: No.6
発行日: 2014/10/14
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In coke-making, coke strength is an important parameter. Generally, the coke strength before or after CO_2 gasification reaction, is evaluated. Particularly, since the coke strength after CO_2 gasification reaction gives information on the state of coke in the blast furnace, it is useful for the operation. The objective of this work was to estimate the coke strength after gasification (MSI, Micro Strength Index) by using image analysis of coke cross-sectional image. In the cross-sectional image of gasified coke, there were two parts, "Connected coke-matrix part" and "Isolated coke-matrix part". The connected coke-matrix part was mainly located in the central part of the coke, and it connected with one part, and it significantly reacted and did not connected. It was found that there was a good correlation between the MSI and the area percentage of isolated coke-matrix part.
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松尾 翔平, 井川 大輔, 宮本 幸典, 齋藤 泰洋, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 野村 誠治, 林崎 秀幸, 宮下 重人
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セッションID: No.7
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The fracture analyses for coke models reproducing the form of the non-adhesion grain boundaries were performed using the rigid bodies-spring model. The coke model was developed by the random arrangement of the coal particle polygons and expansion of the polygons based on experimental results. As a result, many springs at the gap or edge of the non-adhesion grain boundaries were fractured, and the arrangement and shape of the non-adhesion grain boundaries were supposed to affect the fracture of the coke. Furthermore, the coke with the larger blending ratio of the low-quality coal fractures with the weaker strength. This is because the number of the non-adhesion grain boundaries increases, and the size of the boundaries becomes larger and the shape of the boundaries becomes complex.
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井川 大輔, 松尾 翔平, 宮本 幸典, 齋藤 泰洋, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 野村 誠治, 上坊 和弥, 林崎 秀幸
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セッションID: No.8
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To investigate the effect of bubble generation in carbonization on pore wall thickness of coke and coke strength, a coke model reproducing pore generation process was developed by random arrangement of spherical bubbles in coke matrix. For the coke models, pore wall thickness was evaluated by an image processing, and stress analyses were performed. As a result, the strength represented a minimum value as the bubble diameter increases. This is because that the small bubble would form uniform porous structure, whereas the large one would produce thick pore wall. Therefore, it is suggested that there is a size of bubbles, which form the pore structure with nonuniform arrangement of pores and this pore wall.
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土肥 勇介, 深田 喜代志, 松井 貴, 永山 幹也, 南里 功美
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セッションID: No.9
発行日: 2014/10/14
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In this study, effects of dispersion state of caking additives in coal blends on coke quality were evaluated. Asphalt pitch (ASP) was used as caking additives. The dispersion state was controlled by regulating the moisture content of coal and ASP before blending each other. As the caking additives dispersed, the indirect tensile strength of obtained coke became higher. In addition, the roundness of coke pores became higher and the large coke pores whose diameter was more than 1 mm decreased according to image analysis. It was therefore suggested that the coke strength was enhanced with increase of the dispersion because of the change of pore structure.
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シャーマ アトゥル, 崎元 尚土, 鷹觜 利公
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セッションID: No.10
発行日: 2014/10/14
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This paper reports a new Caking Coal Free Coke (CFC process) making method to produce high strength coke from non-caking coals that do not show thermoplastic/melting property by adding coal/oil derived binder. We added solvent extracted fraction of coal and ASP to non-caking coals and lignite. No caking coal was used. The strength of the cokes produced by our method is higher than the industrial cokes produced by caking colas. Effect of amout of binder, base coal particle size on coke stregth was investigated. The binder-coal interface was investigated by light microscope and SEM-EDS to understand the interface-bonding nature. CO_2 gasification reactivity at 1100℃ was about three times higher than the standard coke.
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蘆田 隆一, 高橋 諒, 河瀬 元明, 三浦 孝一
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セッションID: No.11
発行日: 2014/10/14
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The authors have recently proposed a novel method that not only dewaters but upgrades low-grade carbonaceous resources such as biomass, peat, lignite, and sub-bituminous coals. The method comprises a treatment of the raw materials in non-polar solvent, such as 1-methylnaphthalene, at temperatures below 350℃, and subsequent separation of the upgraded samples into extract, residue, and gaseous product consisting of CO_2 and a negligible amount of hydrocarbon gases at the treatment temperature. The extract is further separated into solvent-soluble fraction, Soluble, and solvent-insoluble fraction, Deposit, at room temperature. The method can produce a large amount of Soluble which consists of ashless, carbon-rich, low-molecular-weight compounds. From the viewpoint of practical application of the proposed method, it is desired to reduce the energy required to separate the Soluble from solvent. In this study a treatment using the solvent saturated with the Soluble has successfully been proposed in order to omit the energy-consuming vaporization process of the solvent by enabling solid-liquid separation of the Soluble and solvent.
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三浦 孝一, Janewit WANNAPEERA, 大垣 英明, 蘆田 隆一, 奥田 賢史郎, 加藤 攻
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セッションID: No.12
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Carbon fiber was prepared from the extract produced from a rice straw by degradative solvent extraction. The Soluble yield was as high as 56% on carbon basis. First, the Soluble was film distilled at 180 to 220℃ to remove 10 to 15% of small molecular weight compounds, which increased the softening temperature of the Soluble up to 250℃. The treated Soluble was spun by a mono-hole continuous spinner. The spun fiber was stabilized in an air stream by heating it up to 300℃ at the heating rate of 5℃/min, then the stabilized fiber was carbonized in a nitrogen stream at 800℃ to form carbon fiber. The carbon fibers produced were 9 to 12 μm in diameter and had tensile strength over 800 MPa. These preliminary examinations showed the possibility of utilizing Solubles as raw materials of carbon fiber for general purpose.
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崎元 尚土, 鷹觜 利公, 原田 靖之, 藤本 英和, 望月 友貴, 坪内 直人
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セッションID: No.13
発行日: 2014/10/14
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Poly-aromatic compounds are known to improve the coke strength in coke-making. While, in the current work, we found that indole, a rather smaller aromatic compound with low boiling point, significantly improved the coke strength. The effect of indole on coke strength and its mechanism were investigated. The ultimate analysis and the coke yield of semi-cokes prepared at 600℃ showed that the nitrogen amount and the coke yield of semi-coke with indole were higher than those of semi-coke without indole. From these results it was indicated that indole had some influence before 600℃.
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堺 康爾, 木下 繁, 吉田 拓也, 奥山 憲幸, 濱口 眞基, 菊池 直樹
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セッションID: No.14
発行日: 2014/10/14
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Hyper-coal (HPC) is an ash-free coal produced by the solvent de-ashing technology. Coal is thermally (360-420℃) extracted into the coal-derived solvent (two ring aromatics). HPC has excellent thermoplasticity and large potential for coke additive to make a strong coke. The yield of HPC depends on the coal solubility. And the solvent must be recovered completely by distillation. Therefore, it is important for HPC process to use a solvent that have not only high solubility of coal but also enough recovery ratio. In this study, we focused on the extraction heating rate condition. In conventional method, after coal and solvent are mixed, the slurry is heated. In this method, the heating rate is lower than 100 K/min. In order to increase the heating rate solvent is heated to higher temperature than the extraction temperature beforehand, and coal is thrown into high temperature solvent. The latter method enables to increase the heating rate at > 100 K/min., and the consequent coal extraction yield increased with increasing the heating rate.
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奥山 憲幸, 堺 康爾, 吉田 拓也, 木下 繁, 濱口 眞基, 菊池 直樹
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セッションID: No.15
発行日: 2014/10/14
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The effect of heating rate on the coal extraction yields and the characteristics of the extraction products were investigated in this study. The rapid heating process improved coal extraction yield compare to the conventional heating process. The performance as the caking additive of the rapid heating product was compared with the conventional heating product. The Gieseler plastometry shoed that the rapid heating product has higher fluidity and gave superior improvement of fluidity to a slightly caking coal. On the other hand, the improvement of dilation of a slightly caking coal was almost same by addition of each product. It expected that more efficient process will be constructed by applying the rapid heating process, which product has equal or higher performance as the caking additive compare to the conventional process.
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愛澤 禎典, 林 裕介, 上坊 和弥, 野村 誠治
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セッションID: No.16
発行日: 2014/10/14
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Effect of difference degree of low- and high- rank coal thermoplastic temperature on fine coke generation under drum test was investigated. When the thermoplastic temperature of low- and high- rank coal was very different, decreasing of DI^<150>_<15> (increasing of -15mm fine generation) was remarkable. Increasing of 6mm-15mm and 0.5mm-6mm fine generations were depended on increase of crack density and low-circularity pores collectively.
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奥村 幸彦, 朝日 貴哉
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セッションID: No.17
発行日: 2014/10/14
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In this work, we aim to contribute to the sophistication of chemical fuel usage by examining quantitatively the effect of coal type on the formation of useful tar components and on the tar yield, by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This study revealed that the yields of the primary pyrolysis components such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and indene increase with increasing H/C ratio. In addition, it showed that the yield of tar components (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are a source of particulate matter (PM)) increases with increasing H/C ratio.
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海保 守
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セッションID: No.18
発行日: 2014/10/14
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The molecular formula and structural parameter of 17 coals and their preheated samples were estimated by our method presented in this conference held last year. A relationship between the number of aromatic rings, or R, and fluidity of the coals and their preheated samples were investigated. When R exceeded three, the fluidity was detected. It attained maximum when R was around four, then decreased with R, and disappeared at more than eight.
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井内 正直, 大高 円, 松村 晴夫, 栗原 雅博
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セッションID: No.19
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The low rank coal such as subbituminous coal and lignite occupies about half of the recoverable coal reserves in the world. While the low rank coal has lower price and lower ash, it has higher moisture, lower calorific value and higher spontaneous combustibility. The progress of modification technical developments are enabling use in distant place from its mine. We selected the supply models from various modification technologies in consideration of the progress stage, and estimated the total costs assuming that modification is carried out near the mine. Results showed that the low rank coal has price competitiveness if a stripping ratio is small, modification cost is low, or the subsidy of fuel is available.
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梁 秀〓, 王 郡英, 応 光偉, 孟 〓, 〓 娟, 浪岡 知昭, 山田 直臣, 二宮 善彦
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セッションID: No.20
発行日: 2014/10/14
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The effect of inherent moisture on pyrolysis and combustion behavior of typical Chinese coals from low rank to high rank coals was investigated. A drop tube furnace was used to generate chars and fly ashes from both wet and dry coals. The moisture contents of the wet low rank coals entering the reactor were 23.4 and 28.8 wt%, respectively. There were some differences observed between the morphology of char during pyrolysis of the low rank coals. The surface area of char from the wet low rank coal was higher than that from the dry coal. In addition PM_<0.1-10> (particles with the aerodynamic diameter ranging from 0.1 μm to 10μm) generated by the wet low rank coal was increased comparing with that by the dry coal. Rapid vaporization of the inherent moisture in wet low rank coal was considered to cause the structure change of char and the emission of fine included minerals from coal during pyrolysis.
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安田 肇, 細貝 聡, 張 戦国, 鈴木 善三
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セッションID: No.21
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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If all the carbon in a low rank coal is converted into benzene, which is a key raw material of the petrochemical industry, emission of carbon dioxide is avoided during the conversion process. In this case, hydrogen supply from another energy source is required considering the usual C/H/O composition of coal. A novel CO_2 free coal-to-benzene conversion process can be achieved with hydrogen from solar energy. In this study, rapid pyrolysis experiment of the low rank coals (brown coal and subbituminous coal) was carried out to quantify methane and benzene obtained by a single step reaction with or without hydrogen in the atmosphere. As a result, the methane and benzene yield was improved when hydrogen was used as a gasifying agent, and the methane yield increased with hydrogen partial pressure. Benzene was interpreted as a reaction intermediate. Therefore the benzene yield could be increased with optimizing reaction conditions.
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丹野 賢二, 渡邊 裕章, 牧野 尚夫
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セッションID: No.22
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The effect of particle clustering on char combustion has investigated in terms of three dimensional direct numerical simulation. To compute the flow field with and without particle clustering, Stokes number is set to almost zero and 1.92. Numerical results have shown that particle clustering affects gaseous concentration distribution, and consequently, carbon conversion behavior of coal particle. The higher gaseous temperature, the more remarkable such effect becomes to be. Carbon conversion is suppressed up to 10% by the effect of particle clustering. These results indicate that new char combustion model, which is taken into account of the particle clustering effect, should be developed.
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下郡 三紀, 大西 泰仁
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セッションID: No.23
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The purpose of this study was to examine devolatilization behavior of coals under high temperature combustion conditions and to evaluate the effect of swelling property on combustion characteristics. For this purpose, a swelling coal (bituminous coal) and two non-swelling coals (bituminous and sub-bituminous coals) have been burned in a quartz glass tube reactor with a single particle temperature measurement system. Images of burning particles were obtained using a two-color pyrometer mounted at a high-speed camera and analyzed. Analysis results showed that devolatilization behavior in the single particle level differed among the tested coals. In case of the swelling coal, devolatilization occurred locally through pores on the particle surface and the transition from devolatilization to char combustion took longer time compared to the cases of 2 non-swelling coals. This paper discusses burn-out characteristics of coals in relation to swelling characteristics on theses findings.
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河合 俊輔
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セッションID: No.24
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Coal is a very important energy resource because of its vast and world-wide reserves. On the other hand, coal release more CO_2 than other fuels in thermal power generation. J-POWER Wakamatsu Research Institute has promoted the EAGLE (coal Energy Application for Gas, Liquid and Electricity) project, as a joint research of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), with an aim to develop the clean coal technology based on gasification that achieves high-efficiency coal utilization and zero emission of CO_2.
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椎屋 光昭
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セッションID: No.25
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The Osaki CoolGen Project began in April 2012 as an "Integrated coal Gasification Fuel Cell combined cycle (IGFC) demonstration project" subsidized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and industry. This project aims to realize innovative low-carbon coal-fired thermal power generation that combines IGFC, an extremely efficient coal-fired thermal power generation technology, with innovative CO_2 capture technologies. The first stage of this project, to demonstrate the oxygen-blown Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), commenced its construction work in March 2013. The following will explain the project outline, focused on the first stage, which is the oxygen-blown IGCC demonstration project.
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吉田 貴紘, 上川 大輔, 柳田 高志, 久保島 吉貴, 木口 実
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セッションID: No.26
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In this study, the combustion properties of torrefied wood pellets (hyper wood pellets) were evaluated using a cone calorimeter, and instrument typically used to verify the fireproof performance of architectural materials. it can estimate various combustion parameters, e.g., transition changes in the heat release rate, weight decrease during the burning process, ignition time, flameout and burnout time, and combustion heat, in a single experimental run with no further grinding of the sample required. In the case of torrefied pellets from Japanese cedar softwood (Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica), there was no significant delay in ignition time compared with that of the non-torrefied pellets. however, smaller heat release values for flaming combustion and a longer burnout time were observed for pellets with a higher torrefaction temperature.
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雄鹿 高弘, 村上 賢治
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セッションID: No.27
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Deoxygenation of bio-oil by mesoporous silica-alumina (MSAl), Fe-loaded mesoporous silica (MSFe) and Fe-loaded mesoporous silica alumina (MSAl/Fe) catalysts with different Al and Fe contents were studied. The amount of Al and Fe in the prepared catalysts were 1-10 mol% and 1-10 wt%, respectively. Oxygen content in the produced oil decreased with increasing Al content. Although Fe showed a suppressing effect of deoxygenation, addition of Fe increased H/C ratio of oil. Deoxygenation by MSA1-10/Fe-10, which is the catalyst with the highest Al and Fe contents, produced an oil with the least oxygen content and relatively high H/C ratio among the studied catalysts.
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小河 脩平, 西尾 拓, 関根 泰
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セッションID: No.28
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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One-pot direct catalytic conversion of cellulose biomass into valuable chemicals, such as C_3 and C_4 hydrocarbons, at low temperature (443 K) in the presence of Pt/H-USY zeolite catalysts and water were investigated. Acidic properties of Pt/H-USY zeolite catalysts were characterized by NH_3-TPD, which played important roles for the Pt-supported state and the formation of C_3 and C_4 hydrocarbons. To clarify the reaction intermediate for the C_3 and C_4 hydrocarbons, catalytic conversions of various substrates were conducted. Results suggested that C_5 compounds (xylose and furfural) might be imermediates of C_3 hydrocarbon formation, while C_6 mono- and di-saccharides (cellobiose, glucose, and fructose) might be intermediates of C_4 hydrocarbon formation from cellucose over Pt/H-USY zeolite catalyst.
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岩崎 良亮, 松井 勇樹, 大田 昌樹, 佐藤 善之, 猪股 宏
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セッションID: No.29
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) for toluene + heavy oil, n-decane + heavy oil and cis/trans-decalin + heavy oil systems were measured by a flow type apparatus at temperatures ranging from 573 to 643 K. The experimental data obtained in this work were correlated by Peng-Robinson equation of state with van der Waals one fluid model. The critical parameters and acentric factors were estimated using the Marrero-Gani and Constsantinou-Gani group contribution methods. The correlation results could represented the VLE data well by applying Gao method to the fitting of the binary interaction parameters (k_<ij>).
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望月 友貴, 坪内 直人
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.30
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Physical and chemical properties of iron oxide-carbon composites prepared from tar-impregnated limonite ores have been studied in detail. When as-received limonite is heated up to 500℃, the pore size distribution for the resulting sample shows a single peak at the pore diameter of about 2 nm, and total pore volume and specific surface area increase from the original 0.15 cm^3/g and 80 m^2/g to 0.25 cm^3/g and 110 m^2/g, respectively. With the composite produced, on the other hand, the 2 nm-peak described above disappears almost completely, and the volume and area become as low as <0.01 cm^3/g and 1 m^2/g, respectively. The evolution of CO, CO_2 or H_2O from composite samples during heat treatment starts at about 500℃, and the rate profile of each O-containing gas observed exhibits the main peak around 800℃ in every case. The rates of reduction of the composites are much larger than that for the physical mixture of the limonite preheated up to 500℃ and cake.
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尾方 敏匡, 竹中 尚一, 西端 裕子
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セッションID: No.31
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The size distribution of inertinite in coal was measured automatically by image analysis. The image analysis enabled determination of gray scale range to distinguish the inertinite from other mackerel components. The size distribution measured by the image analysis was identical with that measured by conventional manual methods.
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平 美冴, 大村 真紀子, 原口 幸征, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.32
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Microwave-assisted acid digestion (MW-AD) followed by atomic spectrometry such as ICP-MS was examined for the determination of trace elements in coal and coal fly ash. For coal, the addition of HF in the acid mixture of MW-AD was not needed for the recovery of trace elements. For coal fly ash, the optimum conditions for the addition of HF was examined, and it was proved that the conditions established were effective for various samples.
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岡高 憲, 山下 岳史, 藤井 優貴, 近藤 晶夫, 宮部 善之
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.33
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Coal ash generated by coal-fired power plant has been effectively utilized as cement raw materials, concrete admixture and base course material. It is known that decrease in flow ability and hardening of coal ash is caused by moisture absorption and compression during transportation and storage, and could lead to blockage accidents of coal ash in hopper and pipe and so forth. In this paper, we investigated the effect of chemical compound for moisture absorption of coal ash. As the result, moisture absorption property of the coal ash depends on sampling points in the plant, and amount of moisture absorption is affected by soluble compounds in coal ash.
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Jenny Rizkiana, Bambang Widayatno Wahyu, 官 国清, 阿布里 提, Hao Xiaogang, Hu ...
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.34
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Blended sample of coal and biomass was pyrolyzed in the presence of zeolite as the catalyst. Certain amount of catalyst was either physically mixed with the sample or put in the reactor as a catalyst bed in order to investigate the catalytic effect of the zeolite to the oil quality. GC/MS analysis results of the obtained oil showed that the presence of zeolite increased the oil quality by cracking the long chain components to the smaller ones. Zeolite catalyst was also found to be easily deactivated due to the coke formation, but it was also easily regenerated by calcination process.
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中島 常憲, 平 美冴, 南 有紀, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
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セッションID: No.35
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Coal contains various hazardous trace elements. For these hazardous elements, especially volatile elements, such as Hg is in great concern, because those elements are likely to be released into air when coal is burned. In this study, we examined the determination of trace elements in coal by use of microwave-acid digestion (MW-AD) followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and the effect of MW-AD condition upon the recovery of trace elements was investigated. In addition, the determination of ultra-trace elements in coal sample, such as As. Se, Cd, and Hg were investigated by use of flow injection ICP-MS (FI-ICP-MS) method.
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古園 拓也
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.36
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In recent years toxic trace elements present in coal have attracted attention from the standpoint of environmental issues. Selenium is highly-volatile elements. These are partitioned into bottom ash, fly ash, FGD waste water, and emission gas discharged into the atmosphere. The ratio of the components varies depending on coal properties and combustion conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to measure these components accurately to understand selenium's behaviors during coal combustion. So far, we developed the method for measuring gaseous selenium in flue gas produced from coal combustion. In this study, we collected data at a turbulent furnace test facility used developed measuring method to discuss behaviors of selenium.
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長沼 宏, 伊藤 和秀, 今野 和茂, 高木 大知, CHEN Juan, 二宮 善彦
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セッションID: No.37
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Some ash particle of solid fuels adhere to heat exchanger tube surfaces, which causes some troubles such as heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and hot corrosion in coal-fired boilers. Prediction techniques for ash deposits and hot corrosion have been developed by a lot of researchers. However, monitoring techniques have not been widely employed due to the technique barriers or high cost. In this study, the corrosion resistance of the tube materials and the sinterability of ash samples in corrosive conditions were evaluated by alternating current impedance testing to develop the monitoring techniques. As a result, the polarization conductance as the evaluation index of the corrosion resistance varied linearly with the corrosion conditions. Moreover, the solution resistance as the evaluation index of the deposits had a good correlation with the behavior of the ash sintering.
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角間崎 純一, 加藤 貴宏, 菅原 勝康
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セッションID: No.38
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In a series of studies into the development of an efficient and selective recovery process for gold that eliminates the need for water, the release behavior of gold from an incinerated sewage sludge ash heated to between 100 and 1000℃ under a chlorine gas stream was investigated. A release of gold was observed above 600℃, with all gold being transferred to the gas phase at 1000℃. The addition of solid carbon to the incinerated ash reduced this initial release temperature to 400℃, with all gold being released into both the gas phase and solid carbon at 700℃. Subsequent optimization of the reaction conditions to maximize the amount of gold reporting to the solid carbon determined that the mixture of incinerated ash and carbon should first be heated to a terminal temperature of 800℃ under a nitrogen gas stream. Upon reaching this temperature, the gas stream should be switched from chlorine to nitrogen, and the mixture held at 800℃ for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements confirm that this produces a distribution of fine metallic gold over the carbon surface.
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熊谷 治夫
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セッションID: No.39
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Dissociation behavior of Asphaltene aggregates in solvents has been investigated by means of ^1H-NMR relaxation measurement. Spin-spin relaxation time, T2, obtained with CPMG pulse sequence was employed to monitor the change in molecular mobility of asphaltenes induced by dissociation of aggregate structure. The dissociation behaviors for asphaltene aggregate structure were affected with the nature of solvent. The results obtained in this study indicate that the differences in dissociation behaviors of asphaltene aggregates in solvents can be evaluated with molecular mobility obtained from in-situ ^1H-NMR relaxation measurement.
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森本 正人, 佐藤 信也, 鷹觜 利公
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セッションID: No.40
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Degree of asphaltene aggregation (D_<agg>) in various solvents were determined using Rayleigh scattering measurements. Structural analyses of three kinds of asphaltenes were conducted to clarify the effect of asphaltene type on the D_<agg>. The results indicated that general bulk analyses could not explain the difference in the D_<agg> behaviors.
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石原 篤, 中西 健博, 橋本 忠範, 那須 弘行
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セッションID: No.41
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was used not only as a precursor of silica, but also as an agent which reinforces the skeleton of silica-gel to prepare an aerogel and resultant silica and silica-alumina with large pore size and pore volume. In this gel skeletal reinforcement (GSR), the strength of silica aerogel skeleton was enhanced by aging with TEOS/2-propanol mixture to prevent the shrinkage of pores. In shit work, a Curie point pyrolyzer was introduced to estimate catalytic cracking of heavy oils, vacuum gas oil and atmospheric residue using the mixed catalysts of zeolite and silica-alumina prepared by the GSR method. The conversions of VGO and AR using the mixed catalysts were higher than those of zeolite single and increased with increasing the pore size of silica-alumina.
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酒井 尚樹, 隈部 和弘, 守富 寛, 板津 秀人
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セッションID: No.42
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Two-step thermal treatment of carbonization and calcination has been developed to recover only the carbon fiber from carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Non-woven fabrics with the recovered carbon fiber were used to make recycled CFRP. The mechanical properties of the CFRP are more than 85% comparing with those with the virgin carbon fiber. In addition, the hybrid CFRP combined with short carbon fiber, especially long carbon fiber, and single or biaxial direction cross CFRP has equivalent properties to the all virgin CFRP.
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林 順一, 福田 祥子, 影浦 直樹, 大隈 修
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セッションID: No.43
発行日: 2014/10/14
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The chars were prepared from various biomasses (sawdust, okara, rice husk, sludge, coconut shell, beer yeast and shochu waste). The influence of the property of the char on the behavior of water vapor adsorption was investigated. It was found that the nitrogen in the char promotes the adsorption of water vapor in low pressure range. And it became clear that the ash, especially potassium compound, in the char promotes the water vapor adsorption in the relative pressure range of more than 0.8.
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