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谷澤 賢司
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ii-vii
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野中 寛
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viii-xvi
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守富 寛
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xvii-xxvi
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山中 章
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xxvii-xxxix
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望月 友貴, 坪内 直人, 秋山 友宏
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セッションID: No.1
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The crushing strength and reduction reactivity of a carbon-containing pellet prepared from a cold bonded pellet (CP) and COG tar have been examined with a tensile and compression machine and with a fixed-bed quartz reactor, respectively. The C-containing pellet is prepared by the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method under the conditions of tar pyrolysis temperature of 700℃ and CVI temperature of 350℃. When CP is heated up to 350℃, specific surface area (S_<BET>) and total pore volume (VEJB) increase from 20 to 60 m^2/g and from 0.06 to 0.075 cm^3/g, respectively, and the profile for pore size distribution gives a district peak around 2 nm. On the other hand, S_<BET> and V_<BJH> values of CVI sample are as low as < 1 m^2/g and < 0.01 cm^3/g, respectively, and the peak observed around 2 nm disappears completely. The crushing strength of the sample reaches 10 daN, and the value is comparable to those of typical metallurgical cokes. The evolution of CO, CO_2 or H_2O starts at 300-400℃, and the maximal rates of these gases evolved are observed around 700-800℃ during heat treatment of the sample in He. The extent of redaction after 60 min holding at 1000℃ reaches > 85%, and metallic-Fe is formed above 800℃.
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雄鹿 高弘, 中村 彩乃, 村上 賢治
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セッションID: No.2
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Bio-oil produced from Japanese cedar was deoxygenated by catalyst under H_2 atmosphere. In a single stage upgrading using mesoporous silica-alumina (MSAl), deoxygenation ratio was higher than that of Ni-loaded ZSM-5 (ZSM-5/Ni). This result suggests hydrodeoxygenation by nickel was restricted because the pore size of ZSM-5 is much smaller than that of MSAl. However, toluene, benzene and naphthalene were more obtained when ZSM-5/Ni was used. In a two stage upgrading using MSAl and ZSM-5/Ni, deoxygenation ratio increased compared to the single stage upgrading, suggesting that MSAl and ZSM-5/Ni catalysts play roles of decomposition of bio-oil and hydrodeoxygenation, respectively.
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岡 高憲, 山下 岳史, 藤井 優貴, 菅原 弘次
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セッションID: No.3
発行日: 2015/10/21
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It is known that decrease in flowability and hardening of coal ash is caused by moisture absorption and compression during transportation and storage, and could lead to blockage accidents of coal ash in hopper and pipe and so forth. In this paper, we investigated the sulfate compounds amount that affects the moisture absorption of coal ash. As the result, the content of sulfate compounds in coal ash depends on compounds in coal and sampling points. Also, most of sulfate compounds were produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid mist and compounds in coal ash.
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神成 尚克, 三浦 裕貴, 宝田 恭之, 李 留云, 鈴木 伸行
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セッションID: No.4
発行日: 2015/10/21
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In this study, we investigated the influences of carbon residue content in coal ash and coal char on the melting behaviors. The coal ashes and coal chars with different carbon content were prepared by the air oxidations of a coal char with different oxidation time. The melting behaviors of the prepared samples were evaluated by the shape changes during heat-treatment up to 1550℃ in a N_2 stream based on JIS M 8801. The results indicated the melting behavior strongly depended on the amount of residual carbon content; melting points increased with increasing the residual carbon content.
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齊藤 知直, 林 石英
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セッションID: No.5
発行日: 2015/10/21
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This work studied a reactivity and morphology change of oxygen carriers during multitude reaction cycles. The purpose of this study is to compare the reactivity and morphology change of oxygen carriers (Ilmenite and Fe_2O_3/Al_2O_3) during multitude reaction cycles under CO-CO_2 and CH_4-H_2O reduction atmosphere.
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瀋 凌波, 村上 賢治
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セッションID: No.6
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Mixtures of iron-loaded biochar (Fe-SG) and Indonesian Adaro sub-bituminous coal (AD) were gasified at 700-800℃ for 60 min, in a 50 % H_2O/He atmosphere. For all gasification temperatures, the amount of hydrogen evolution increased with increasing the adding amount of iron-loaded biochar. At 800℃, it was found that the increment of hydrogen evolution for the mixture of Fe-SG and AD was larger than that for the mixture of Fe-demineralized SG and AD. Also, it was observed that the high specific rate was maintained even at the latter period of gasification for the addition of larger amount of iron-loaded char. The relationship between the gasification behavior and the chemical form of iron catalyst was discussed.
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梅本 賢, 梶谷 史朗, 河瀬 元明
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セッションID: No.7
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Soot forms in coal gasification through primary pyrolysis and gas phase reactions. Since soot has lower gasification reactivity, it is important for developing coal gasification technologies to clarify the soot formation mechanism. In this research, the pressure dependency of soot formation behavior was investigated using a pressurized drop tube furnace. Furthermore, the primary pyrolysis, gas phase reactions and char gasification reaction are numerically simulated utilizing the Extended CPD model, detailed chemical reaction mechanism and the random pore model, respectively. As a result, pressure dependency of char formation and gasification behavior was described well by the Extended CPD model and the random pore model. On the other hand, it was suggested that a new soot gasification model is needed to describe the soot formation behavior more precisely under some conditions.
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中村 貴司, 齊藤 知直, 林 石英, 橋本 敬一郎
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セッションID: No.8
発行日: 2015/10/21
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We developed a three reactors circulating fluidized bed process for biomass and coal co-gasification. The three reactors are constructed as a tar reforming reactor, a gasifier and a combustor in circulating fluidized bed system. The circulating material is CaO made from limestone. The CaO works like heat transfer material, tar reforming catalyst, CO_2 sorbent, and sulfur sorbent. Three tower CFB biomass-coal co-gasification process by using CaO particles as circulating material were investigated with Aspen plus.
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松宮 知朗, 秋山 勝哉, 藤井 優貴
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セッションID: No.9
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Ash deposition on the heat exchanger tubes reduces the overall heat transfer coefficient due to its low thermal conductivity. This study focuses on the relationship between coal ash mineral and furnace heat transfer. The ash deposition tests were conducted using a refractory furnace. The structures of ash adhered to the water-cooled probe were investigated using SEM analysis. As a result, it was found that the coal ash which caused the heat transfer decrease had a unique porous structure. It was also found that its coal has a lot of Kaolinite mineral with crystal water using CCSEM analysis. It is suggested that the porous ash come from Kaolinite mineral generate the thermal insulating layer on the heat exchanger tube and decreases heat transfer in pulverized coal boiler.
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川端 康正, 和嶋 隆昌, 森田 直之, 齋藤 明子, 中込 秀樹, 細貝 聡, 倉本 浩司, 鈴木 善三, 佐藤 浩昭, 松岡 浩一
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セッションID: No.10
発行日: 2015/10/21
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A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor was prepared to examine reduction of tar emission by utilizing volative-char interaction. A bubbling bed pyrolyzer was interconnected with a combustor in the CFB reactor. Two kinds of coal were independently fed to over bed (top feeding) or in-bed (bottom feeding) of the pyrolyzer. The volatiles (heavy tar, light tar, and gas) emitted from the pyrolyzer were quantitatively determined by several methods. The emission of heavy tar as well as light tar in case of bottom feeding was much lower than that of top feeding. Volatile-char interaction and thermal decomposition of tar in gas phase were important reactions for reduce the tar emission. Contribution of each reaction on the tar reduction was varied with reaction temperature.
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前嶋 悠佑, 那須 弘行, 橋本 忠範, 石原 篤
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セッションID: No.11
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Novel carbon-oxide composite supported Co and Fe catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were prepared by the sol-gel method. Silica, alumina and zirconia were used as oxide. Futher PEG was used as carbon source in catalysts. In the sol-gel method, prepared gels were calcinated under N_2 atmosphere. After H_2 reduction at 360℃, the reaction was performed under the conditions, temperature 280-340℃, syngas (H_2: 66%, CO: 33%, Ar: 1%), and decalin 10ml/h. The activity greatly changed by a kind of oxide in the presence of solvent. Conversions of CO increased in the order alumina <silica <zirconia.
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丹野 賢二, 渡邊 裕章, 牧野 尚夫
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セッションID: No.12
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Oxy-Fuel IGCC system is expected to be a promising power generation system achieving both high thermal efficiency and low carbon emission. CO_2 concentration in a gasifier becomes higher than that in a conventional gasifier, hence basification behavior in a gasifier under high CO_2 concentration should be clarified prior to specific gasifier design. In this study, gasification behavior under the Oxy-Fuel IGCC condition was investigated by means of three dimensional numerical simulation. Results showed that numerical result of temperature distribution and gas composition on gasifier outlet are good agreement with experimental data. It was also found that there is a possibility of improving a gasifier performance under the Oxy-Fuel IGCC condition by adequately controlling operation condition.
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椎屋 光昭
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セッションID: No.13
発行日: 2015/10/21
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The Osaki CoolGen Project began in April 2012 as an "Integrated coal Gasification Fuel Cell combined cycle (IGFC) demonstration project" subsidized by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. This project aims to realize innovative low-carbon coal-fired thermal power generation that combines IGFC, an extremely efficient coal-fired thermal power generation technology, with innovative CO_2 capture technologies. The first stage of this project, to demonstrate the oxygen-blown Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), commenced its construction work in March 2013. The following will explain the project outline, focused on the first stage, which is the oxygen-blown IGCC demonstration project.
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木曽 文彦, 石賀 琢也, 吉井 泰雄, 服部 隼人
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セッションID: No.14
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The need for power to gas system is increasing according to the increase of power generation by renewable energy. Heat and mass balance of the coal gasification methane production system was analyzed aiming to integrate with the power to gas system which utilizes methane as a storage medium. The system converts 500 ton/day of coal to 141 ton/day of methane and conversion efficiency is 64.9% in calorie basis. Suppose surplus electricity is 10 MW, 7.8% of coal and 12.9% of oxygen can be saved by the integration. Surplus water recovered from the outlet of shift reactor and water generated with methane at the methanation reactor is recycled to the gasifier outlet to increase H_2O/CO ratio of syngas. This direct quench method contributes to reduce the plant cost because water can be recycled without water treatment.
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保谷 燎平, 伏見 千尋
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セッションID: No.15
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Advanced Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (A-IGCC) systems have been proposed to obtain higher power generation efficiency than IGCC systems by recycling the exhaust heat from a gas turbine as the heat source of the gasifier. To date, the A-IGCC system including gasification, gas treating including CO_2 capturing and combined cycle power generation units has not been designed. In this study, the performances of A-IGCC systems with these units were evaluated by using process simulator Aspen Plus[○!R] ver. 7.2. Results showed the net thermal efficiencies of A-IGCC models with water gas shift (WGS) and CO_2 capturing units were lower than that of models without these units by 3.5-5.2% because of reduction in gas turbine and steam turbine outputs and additional heat and electricity input to CO_2 capturing unit. Net thermal efficiency of the A-IGCC system with the hot gas desulfurization unit was higher than that with the cold gas desulfurization unit (CGDU) by 1.4-3.1% owing to decrease in heat loss in coolers at CGDU, subsequent increase of heating value of fuel gas into the gas turbine combustors. The CO_2 emission factor can be reduced from 744-769 kg-CO_2/MWh to 117-137 kg-CO_2/MWh by capturing of approximately 85% of CO_2 after WGS.
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森本 正人, 今村 比呂志, 森田 剛, 山本 秀樹, 田中 隆三, 鷹觜 利公
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セッションID: No.16
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses of an asphaltene at various concentrations in toluene (TL) and bromobenzene (BB) were performed at a synchrotron facility. BB is considered to be one of the "best" pure solvents for CaAs when determining the Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP). Although the aggregation behavior of the CaAs in toluene (TL) was confirmed to be similar to that reported in previous SAXS studies, the behavior in BB was markedly different. The results indicated that aggregates with a soft boundary of 〜30-60Å in the radius of gyration (R_g), which were observable in TL, disappeared in BB and larger aggregates with a clear boundary appeared simultaneously.
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石田 峻也, 那須 弘行, 橋本 忠範, 石原 篤
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セッションID: No.17
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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One of the methods to crack heavy oils into fuels with low molecular weight is hydrocracking. Hydrocracking catalysts which have three functions- hydrogenation by metals such as nickel and molybdenum, cracking by zeolite and diffusion by mesoporous materials such as silica, alumina, and silica-alumina. In this study, hydrocracking of atmospheric residue was investigated by zeolite-alumina composite supported NiMo catalysts. Curie point pyrolyzer was used to estimate the catalysts in the presence of hydrogen gas.
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石原 篤, 中西 健博, ソンティサワテ タニタ, 那須 弘行, 橋本 忠範
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セッションID: No.18
発行日: 2015/10/21
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The gel skeletal reinforcement (GSR) method was developed to prepare silicas with different sizes of large mesopores. Using silica-aluminas prepared with GSR-silicas by the conventional impregnation method, the mixed catalysts with zeolite was prepared. The effects of mesopore sizes of catalysts on catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil (VGO) and atmospheric residue (AR) by Curie point pyrolyzer were investigated using the mixed catalysts. It was found that the conversions of VGO increased with increasing pore size of catalysts while the effect of pore size on the conversion of AR was only slight. It was thought that the effect of diffusion would be too small to appear because AR includes more than 50% of heavy fraction with boiling point higher than reaction temperature 500℃.
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荻山 拓巳, 橋本 忠範, 那須 弘行, 石原 篤
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セッションID: No.19
発行日: 2015/10/21
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In this study, zeolite-alumina composite supported PtNiMo sulfide catalysts were prepared and was estimated for catalytic conversion of fat under the hydrogen pressure. Zeolite was ZSM-5, and a fat was soybean oil. Reactions called dehydrocyclization-cracking proceeded at higher than 420℃ and the aromatic compounds increased with increasing temperature. Gasoline fraction with high RON was obtained selectively in this method.
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二宮 将, 橋本 忠範, 那須 弘行, 石原 篤
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セッションID: No.20
発行日: 2015/10/21
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Catalytic cracking of C_<12>-C_<32> hydrocarbons was performed as model compounds using hierarchical zeolite-containing mesoporous silica-alumina. Curie point pyrolyzer was used as a new evaluation method of catalytic cracking. The activity and product selectivity using hierarchical catalysts were compared with those of zeolite-kaolin mixed catalyst. The conversion was improved with increasing the number of carbon of raw material, and alkene showed higher reactivity than alkane. Hierarchical catalysts showed higher gasoline yield than kaolin mixed catalysts.
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小河 脩平, 関根 輝, 務川 慧, 大山 永展, 新見 隼隆, 恩田 歩武, 関根 泰
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セッションID: No.21
発行日: 2015/10/21
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One-pot direct catalytic conversion of cellulose to light hydrocarbon at low temperature (443 K) in the presence of Pt-supported catalysts and water was investigated. Pt supported on H^+-form ultra-stable Y-type (H-USY) zeolite catalyst (Pt/H-USY) enabled direct conversion of cellulose into C_3 and C_4 hydrocarbons without hydrogen and other expensive reagents. Results revealed that the pre-treatment of catalyst was important for selective olefin production. Air-oxidized Pt/H-USY catalyst showed higher olefin selectivity than the catalyst reduced with hydrogen. The Pt/H-USY catalysts showed high stability under the reaction condition.
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小木 知子, 中西 正和, 福田 芳雄
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セッションID: No.22
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Process simulation indicated that successive biomass-gasification and methane-reforming improved efficiency and cost of gasification-catalytic fuel synthesis, such as bio-FT-oil and bio-LPG. Laboratory-designed Rh-Ni/Sr/ZrO_2 catalyst effectively reformed methane in both test-gas and bio-syngas, however it was deactivated within several hours when applied to the bio-syngas because of being toxificated by sulfur compounds in it, such as H_2S. Pretreated ALC was found to desulfurize hot gas with high steam content, although no other desulfurizing agents were operable in such severe conditions. Experimental results of the catalytic methane-reforming and the ALC desulfurizing were discussed in this manuscript. Their combined process is now planned.
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大高 円, 庄司 哲也, 木本 政義, 遠藤 雄樹
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セッションID: No.23
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Woody biomass co-combustion in coal fired power plant is one of effective measures to reduce CO_2 emission, but the grindability of woody biomass and coal are very different. Then it is difficult to increase the biomass mixing ratio with coal. The carbonization technology make it possible to upgrading the grindability, heat value of woody biomass. In this study, carbonization tests were carried out in 4 t/d test facility to obtain the carbonization performance. As the result, it is clear that a yield of carbonized biomass is a useful operation index in carbonization process.
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木本 政義, 山本 晃, 大高 円, 遠藤 雄樹
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セッションID: No.24
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To raise the co-firing rate of the woody biomass is one method for CO_2 reduction in pulverized coal power stations. Since the carbonization of raw woody biomass can improve the grindability in the mill, it is possible to use in higher mixing rate of biomass. CRIEPI investigated the carbonization of cedar and Melaleuca in trust study from Ministry of the Environment. In this study, the grindability of carbonized fuel mixed with coal was evaluated by a test roller mill. And the combustion characteristics of carbonized fuel mixed with coal was investigated by a small scale coal combustion test facility with a single burner. The mixing rate of carbonized fuel with coal was 30% at the maximum on the basis of heat value. In grinding tests, it was confirmed that the grindability of cedar and Melaleuca was improved by carbonization. In combustion tests, NOx and SO_2 emissions, the unburned carbon concentration in fly ash and the combustion efficiency of combustible matter were evaluated.
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日恵井 佳子, 布川 信, 山本 武志
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セッションID: No.25
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The amount of coal fly ash (FA) increases year by year, so, high volume usage of FA is needed to avoid landfill disposal. In this study, the earthwork material utilizing FA which can be used for environmental restoration of the tideland was developed. The solidification material was made without using cement, and cast with applying vibrator to obtain high compressive strength with depressing large pore. Compressive strength of the solidification material was 14〜20N/mm^2 at 28-days. The pH of leaching water from the FA solidification material was showed a low value around 9.0. And the Leaching amount of trace elements from the material, B,F,As,Se,Cr(VI), were suppressed widely by forming hydration phase around the particle.
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佐々木 頼明, 長沼 宏, 野口 学, 長 洋光, 二宮 善彦, Juan CHEN, 成瀬 一郎, 義家 亮, 植木 保昭
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セッションID: No.26
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Some ash particles of biomass fuels adhere to heat exchanger tube surfaces, which causes some troubles such as heat transfer inhibition, operational problems and hot corrosion in incineration plants. In this study, the authors have developed a surface treatment technology of tubes via a thermal spraying technology and a corrosion-resistant coating to reduce the ash deposition and the hot corrosion. Both the results of 'High-temperature Corrosion Test' and 'Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)' are exhibited in this paper. The major conclusions are drawn as follows: Polarization conductance of specimens can be evaluated by means of equivalent circuits which are assumed on the interface between specimens and simulated ash. Moreover, it is clear that EIS is available for evaluating the corrosion resistance.
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奥村 幸彦, 朝日 貴哉
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セッションID: No.27
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A suppression method of PM2.5 formation using blended coals is discussed. The effects of blended coals containing low-melting point ash and those with a high value of the indicator (=(H/C)/(O/C)×VM×ASH) on PM2.5 formation were systematically extracted. In both cases, the amount of PM2.5 formation decreases with increasing blending ratio. The decrease results from the melting of the ash particles and their coalescing with high-melting-point ash, resulting in the formation of large particles. The decrease behavior results from the raw coals with a high value of indicator releasing the high-viscosity component, which binds the surrounding char particles (large lumps) and results in the intensity combustion and large ashes.
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森下 順風, 義家 亮, 植木 保昭, 成瀬 一郎
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セッションID: No.28
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Ash deposition behaviors on heat transfer tubes under blended coal combustion condition have been becoming one of important issues associated to recent pulverized coal-fired boilers. In this study, ash deposition experiments, using two ash samples from bituminous and subbituminous coals, at two different temperatures, 1050℃ and 1250℃, were carried out and the mass of ash deposition was measured. Deposited ash samples were solidified by epoxy resin, and then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). In addition, fractions of liquid slag in ash were estimated by Thermo-equilibrium calculation to analyze ash melting characteristics.
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水野 祐太, 義家 亮, 植木 保昭, 成瀬 一郎
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セッションID: No.29
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Highly-efficient coal utilization technology has greatest concern with the increase in use of fossil fuels. Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is one of promising advanced coal power generation systems. In IGCC, trace elements in the coal tend to be volatilized and subsequently condensed on the ash particles during gas cooling process. Trace elements are removed in the gas cleaning process normally, but fine particles cannot be removed perfectly. These particles cause negative effects such as corrosion. So the method of removing the fine particles is needed. In this study, we propose to make particles with trace element larger via sorbent addition. The objective is estimating the sorbent's adsorption ability for zinc and lead. We confirmed the calcium oxide adsorption ability for zinc in the gasification atmosphere by the adsorption experiments and thermodynamic equilibrium. Calcium oxide absorbs zinc by forming the monoxide structure as a zinc oxide.
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和田 祥平, 濱口 眞基, 井上 聡則
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セッションID: No.30
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Air oxidation properties of coals and its Hyper-coal's (ash-free coal, HPC) were studied to utilize the HPC as a feedstock for carbonaceous materials with high purity. It was revealed that differences of oxidation properties between HPC's and the coals were attributed to those aliphatic carbons and micropore distribution. Oxidation reactivity of HPC at high temperature was lower than that of the coal due to the low surface area.
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永井 裕樹, 加藤 貴宏, 大川 浩一, 菅原 勝康
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セッションID: No.31
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Desulfurization behavior of five coals with different carbon content was investigated by immersing coals into hydrogen peroxide. Most of pyritic and sulfate sulfurs could be removed from all of coals by the treatment. The removal extent of organic sulfur decreased with the increase of carbon content of coals. Thiol is oxidized to sulfone and sulfoxide by the treatment, showing the high removal extent of organic sulfur of the coals with high thiol content. Low removal extent of organic sulfur was observed for the coals with high content of thiophene. With the increase of the carbon aromaticity, the removal extent of organic sulfur decreased.
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田村 真実, 加藤 貴宏, 大川 浩一, 菅原 勝康
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セッションID: No.32
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The objective of this study is to develop an advanced desulfurization process for clean fuel production from coal with the use of ionic liquid that can be carried out under mild condition. Ionic liquids were prepared by adding dialkylsulfates to alkylimidazoles in toluene. Coal soluble was prepared by applying Miura's process. A mixture of coal sample and 1-methylnaphthalene was heated at 350℃ for 1 h in an autoclave. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was applied to specifying the forms of sulfur in raw coal and its soluble. Sulfur in the soluble was mainly composed of thiophenic sulfur according to XANES analysis. Organic sulfur in the coal soluble was successfully extracted by using one of ionic liquids, dimethyl imidazole methyl sulfate (MMIMMeSO_4) which showed phase change from solid to liquid above 70℃. With repeated extraction by MMIMMeSO_4, the sulfur content in the coal soluble could be decreased considerably.
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鄭 慶新, 森本 正人, 鷹觜 利公
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セッションID: No.33
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A novel process composed of hydrothermal oxidation and hydrothermal decarboxylation was proposed and applied to liquefaction of brown coal. Coal is first oxidized under hydrothermal condition at ≤ 240℃ using oxygen with or without alkaline, and then the products of aromatic acids are decarboxylated using subcritical water (SbCW) at 350℃ with Cu_2O. The whole process is performed in water, which must be suitable for brown coal with high moisture content, and produces various light aromatics. This new and green "Cu_2O-SbCW" system showed a high efficiency for the decarboxylation of benzene/naphthalene carboxylic acids. Our proposed method is promising as an efficient brown coal liquefaction process without using hydrogen.
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崎元 尚土, Atul SHARMA, 鷹觜 利公, 吉田 拓也, 堺 康爾, 奥山 憲幸
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セッションID: No.34
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Coke breakage or powdering behavior during gasification is very important parameter because size of coke particles influences the gas and molten iron permeability in a blast furnace. Crystalline carbon structure, pore structure of the coke-matrix, and especially type of gasification regent influence the powdering behavior. Comparing influence of CO_2 and H_2O gasification regent, the gasified and brittle coke-matrix layer is expected to be thinner in H_2O regent for the same reaction fraction. Since the reducing gas for iron ore is expected to be H_2 rich gas in COURSE50 project, in this study, the influence of gasification regent (CO_2, H_2O and CO_2/H_2O) on gasification kinetics of coke was investigated by analyzing the cross-sectional images of coke after reaction. Results from this study showed that the influence of the gasification regents on gasification kinetics was small.
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松尾 翔平, 宮本 幸典, 井川 大輔, 原 有輝, 門馬 由, 岩本 亜弓, 齋藤 泰洋, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 野村 誠治, 上坊 ...
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.35
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To investigate the effect of microstructure including pores, cracks and inert materials on the shrinkage ratio of coke, a coke model with the microstructure was developed, and a thermal stress analysis using the finite element method was performed. As a result, it was indicated that the pores and cracks did not affect the shrinkage ratio of coke. On the other hand, the inert materials with high stiffness and low contraction coefficient decreased the shrinkage ratio of coke, and the deviator stress appeared at their surface. Assuming the coke matrix was viscoelastic body, the shrinkage ratio of coke increased when the inert materials were arranged. It was suggested that the creep phenomena caused by the deviator stress around the inert materials affected the shrinkage of coke.
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武田 憲洋, Lu Zhang, 工藤 真二, 林 潤一郎, 則永 行庸
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.36
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Chemical structures of caking and non-caking coals were evaluated by solid state ^1H and ^<13>C-NMR. Semi cokes were prepared by heat treatments of the caking coals at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500℃ and also studied with the NMR measurements. Sizes of aromatic clusters of the samples were estimated based on the quantitative information on the distributions of carbon and hydrogen atoms assigned to several different chemical structures. It was found that the aromatic cluster size of the caking coal increased remarkably with increasing temperature from 400 to 500℃, where it undergoes softening and re-solidification. On-line gas analysis during pyrolysis revealed that almost no hydrogen gas was evolved from 400 to 500℃, though the growth of aromatic cluster could accompany hydrogen formation.
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Jenny Rizkiana, 楊 景軒, 官国 清, 阿布里 提, Xiaogang Hao, Wei Huang, 堤 敦司, 松岡 浩 ...
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.37
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Zeolite based catalyst has shown good performances for upgrading the quality of oil obtained from copyrolysis of coal and biomass. However, the use of zeolite resulted in severe coking formation of the surface of the zeolite. Loading some kinds of metals is able to decrease the coke formation to some extent. In the present study, post-treatment of the metal loaded zeolite was done in order to increase the coke resistance of the catalyst. Post-treatment by steaming process of the metal loaded zeolite was shown to have a good effect for coke resistance. The amount of the coke deposited on the treated metal loaded zeolite was lower than that on the untreated one. Steaming process could change the acidity of the zeolite so that the interaction of the zeolite surface with the coke precursor changed as well resulting in the lower amount of deposited coke.
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須網 暁, 小林 信介, 板谷 義紀
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.38
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Characteristics of char produced by co-pyrolysis of dried sludge and coal were revealed by comparing its char with sludge char and coal char produced by pyrolysis. And there is influence of co-pyrolysis atmosphere playing char. In the experiments, pyrolysis of dried sludge, coal and the both was conducted under temperature was 1173 K and duration was 60 min. Co-pyrolysis atmosphere was changed nitrogen flow and pyrolysis gas during co-pyrolysis experiments. Yield of char produced under pyrolysis gas was lower than that produced under nitrogen flow. When these chars react with steam, starting reaction temperature of co-pyrolysis char was higher than that of sludge char and lower than that of coal char, reaction behavior of co-pyrolysis char was different from sludge char and coal char. And there was difference of reaction behavior of char produced by change of co-pyrolysis atmosphere.
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Janewit Wannapeera, Hideagi Ohgaki, Ryuichi Ashida, Kouichi Miura
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.39
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The air oxidation treatment was applied to improve the properties of the so called Soluble, a mixture of low-molecular-weight compounds obtained by the solvent treatment, prior to using a precursor of carbon fiber. The melting point of Soluble could be increased to be close enough of that of oil pitch by keeping over 85% yield. The yields of carbon fibers obtained were around 46%. The cross-linking reactions among low-molecular-weight compounds might play the important role on the improvement of Soluble properties.
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三浦 孝一, 藤墳 大裕, Janewit Wannapeera, Trairat Muangthong-on, 大垣 英明
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.40
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Low rank coals are susceptible to spontaneous combustion, but they must be heated over a critical temperature of around 70 ℃ before spontaneous combustion starts. This work focused on the adsorption of water vapor as a possible mechanism of the temperature increase up to the critical temperature. When the coals pre-dried and cooled to 38 ℃ were exposed to a saturated air at 38℃, the coal temperatures increased up to over 60℃ in a minute or so. This work showed that the rapid adsorption of water vapor will be a cause of temperature increase leading to the spontaneous combustion of low rank coals.
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内田 宗宏, 堤 武司, 鈴木 啓之, 上坊 和弥, 鈴木 豊, 野村 誠治, 齋藤 公児, 道古 義治, 大高 円, 牧野 尚夫
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.41
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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It is important for the coal utilization process to store coal safely in coal bin under the control. In this paper, three kinds of spontaneous combustion tests with different amount of coal were conducted. The results are as follows. As the amount of coal increase, the temperature of rapidly spontaneous combustion decrease. For spontaneous combustion test, it is necessary to consider heat emission to an atmosphere.
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シャーマ アトゥル, 崎元 尚土, 鷹觜 利公
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.42
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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This study investigated the mechanism of increase in coke strength on addition of binder. Strength of coke produced using 100% Goonyella caking coal was 3.0 MPa. The strength decreased to 2.3 MPa when 25% of Goonyella caking coal was replaced with 25% Adaro coal. To increase the strength of the coke produced by 75%GON+25%AD, 3 % of GON was replaced with 3% of solvent extracted MOHPC binder. The strength of the coke produced by 72%GON+25%AD+3%MOHPC was 3.5 MPa which was higher than the 100% GON coke. This study investigated the increase in strength on addition of binder by observing the binder-coal surface interaction using SEM-EDS analysis and coke matrix connectivity index using newly developed image analysis method.
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熊谷 治夫, 堺 康爾, 吉田 拓也, 奥山 憲幸
原稿種別: 本文
セッションID: No.43
発行日: 2015/10/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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This study aim to investigate the effects of HPC, High Performance Coking additive, addition on the thermoplasticity of non-coking or slightly-coking coals. The thermoplasticity of the coals with HPC were monitored with in-situ high temperature 1H-NMR relaxation measurement. The echo signals obtained during heat treatment under a flow of nitrogen at a heating rate of 3K/min were deconvoluted into a set of one Gaussian and two Exponential decay components which represent the immobile, intermediate and mobile component, respectively. The changes in the fractional intensity of mobile component, f_<Hm>, calculated from the signals were well corresponded to the softening and resolidification phenomena of coals. The f_<Hm> and molecular mobility of mobile component represented by Spin-Spin relaxation time, T_<2Hm>, increased with HPC addition. The results obtained from H-NMR relaxation measurement demonstrated that the improvement of the thermoplastic phenomenon of non-coking or slightly-coking coal with HPC is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively by the variation of f_<Hm> and T_<2Hm>. It is confirmed that the H-NMR relaxation measurement is the appropriate dynamic measurement technique to characterize the thermoplastic properties of coal.
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