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Cover1-
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原稿種別: 目次
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土山 公仁
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ii-v
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岩白 裕一
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vi-xiii
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藤原 尚樹
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xiv-xxiii
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石炭は埋蔵量が他の化石燃料に比べて多く、また世界的にみて産出地域も広いため長期的な安定供給性が高い。またカロリー当りの価格も廉価であることから世界での需要も増加することが見込まれる。一方、石炭は窒素、硫黄、灰などを含有し、また他の化石燃料に比べ地球温暖化物質である二酸化炭素の発生割合も高い。したがって継続的な石炭の利用では経済性、供給安定性、環境性の3Eを達成しつつ進めていくことが重要である。我が国においては安定的な石炭資源の確保とより高度な技術開発が官民をあげて取組まれている。技術面ではガス化、CCS、バイオマス混合利用などの新規技術開発が進められているが、僅々の取り組みでは日本の高効率燃焼技術の海外移転による温暖化ガス削減への貢献は重要である。石炭の品質面では我が国で使用される良質な輸入炭に対し、海外で使用される石炭の品質は比較的に低位であり、それを補うために海外炭を含めた混炭利用が今後必要となる。石炭の品質評価は石炭の選定、燃焼改善、環境対応、貯炭管理、灰処理などに関係する重要な課題である、石炭サプライアーである出光は需要家の高度な石炭利用に対する要求に応えるため、石炭評価システム、燃焼シミュレーション、水銀シミュレーターなどの様々な技術を開発してきた。本報ではそれらの技術を中心にソフトウエアを活用した高効率・最適燃焼技術を紹介し、参考に供したい。
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加藤 健次
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xxiv-xxxiii
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則永 行庸, 林 潤一郎
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2-3
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The molecular properties of asphaltenes have been the subject of uncertainty in the literature; especially the molecular architecture is still a matter of debate. Some literature reports provide evidence that the contrast of petroleum asphaltenes versus coal asphaltenes is useful for understanding the governing principles of asphaltene identity. Here, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy has been employed to measure the diffusion constants of asphaltenes and along with the heaviest resin fractions derived from the distillation resid from coal liquefaction fluids. These are compared with the same measurements on petroleum asphaltenes. In addition, ^<13>C NMR is performed on these samples to correlate molecular properties with diffusion constants. These results confirm that the molecular sizes of these coal-derived asphaltenes are much smaller than virgin petroleum asphaltenes. In addition, There is a molecular continuum from lighter to heavier fractions in these materials. The small size of coal asphaltenes is correlated with a small alkane carbon constraints for understanding asphaltene molecular architecture.
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森本 正人, 杉本 義一, 竿留 良明, 佐藤 信也, 鷹觜 利公
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4-5
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Canadian oil sand bitumen was treated at 450°C for 60 and 120 min, using supercritical water(SCW)or high-pressure nitrogen as a reaction medium, to clarify SCW effect on its pyrolysis reaction. Through analyses of heavier products obtained using both media, it was found that distillation residue fraction prepared in SCW consisted of compounds having smaller molecular weight distribution and more condensed structure than in case of nitrogen. As a result, SCW was considered to be able to highly disperse reactants and show so-called the cage effect. This SCW effect led to suppression of coupling reaction and consequent coking reaction, resulting in the higher conversion.
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蘆田 隆一, 阪上 明弘, 前川 淳, 三浦 孝一
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6-7
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Now that the depletion of fossil fuels such as conventional oil is a matter of world concern, it is essential to develop an efficient method of utilizing unconventional heavy oil. To upgrade the heavy oil such as oil sand bitumen efficiently, it is important to suppress excessive polymerization and decomposition of light oil produced by the cracking of heavy oil. To suppress such secondary reactions, in this study, we have proposed a cracking method in which light oil produced by the cracking of heavy oil is instantly carried away from the reaction system. Cracking behavior of vacuum residue from an oil sand bitumen in a flowing stream of either nitrogen or super critical fluid(water or n-pentane)was examined as one of the methods to realize the concept. It was found that the method increased the yield of light oil significantly by minimizing the formation of light hydrocarbon gas and coke.
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麓 恵里, 佐藤 信也, 鷹觜 利公
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8-9
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Effect of reaction conditions on conversion of oil sand bitumen was examined to produce light oil as much as possible. The conversion was increased with increases in reaction temperature and time factor(ratio of catalyst weight to feedstock flow rate), because large amounts of active oxygen species generated from steam effectively reacted with heavy oil. The light oil yield increased with an increase in conversion. The coke generation was suppressed by the reaction of sufficient amounts of active oxygen species with heavy oil fraction at higher time factor. When time factor was 3.6 h at 450-500 °C and 2.0 h at 500 °C, the largest yield of light oil(approximately 50 mol%-C)was produced without any coke.
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相田 哲夫, 山本 宏貴, 後藤 守史
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10-11
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A facile method to quantitatively evaluate the mobile phase in the macromolecular network structure in coal has been developed, based on the frequency dependence of the dielectric property induced during the heating, of coal, which is considered to provide us the reliable experimental data reflected on their polarity and mobility. Thus it will become a useful tool for elucidating the mechanism such as coalification or coke-formation of coal. This paper present a detailed description of the apparatus and procedures of the new methodology, accompanying with practical data of various grade of coking coal samples.
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石原 篤, 根倉 広宇, 乾 健太郎, 橋本 忠範, 那須 弘行
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12-13
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Silica-alumina was prepared by the sol-gel method using malic acid and its matrix property in catalytic cracking of VGO was investigated using a Curry Point Pyrolyzer. In the catalytic cracking of VGO, the yield of gasoline fraction was more than 60% although 7 times larger amount of the catalyst than that of VGO was used. The result was different from that of dodecane cracking. In VGO catalytic In VGO catalytic cracking, the yield of C3-C5 fractions decreased and that of more than C6 increased. In PONA distribution, the yield of aromatic compounds largely increased and that of paraffin decreased.
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渡辺 雄仁, 神原 信志, 隈部 和弘, 守富 寛
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p.
14-15
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Methane reforming with water vapor using an intermittent dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)with a one-cycle sinusoidal-wave power source has been studied to investigate the energy efficiency of hydrogen production. In this reaction system, CH_4 decomposition rate in the DBD was strongly increased with increasing energy density. While the selectivity of hydrogen production was slight changes. H_2 production was mainly controlled by CH_4 decomposition, therefore advantages of radical chain reaction by the DBD was not found. Key reactions of Methane reforming in the DBD were discussed.
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石原 篤, 乾 健太郎, 橋本 忠範, 那須 弘行
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p.
16-17
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Silica-alumina containing zeolite, which has the meso porous structure, was prepared using the sol-gel method by one step. The yield of iso-olefin increased when the surface area and pore volume increased. Further, the yield of iso-paraffin tended to increase with increasing Al_2O_3 content. Prepared catalysts showed comparable activities to that of single zeolite. Further, the yield of gasoline fraction for each prepared catalyst was higher than that of single zeolite because overcracking was inhibited.
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森下 佳代子, 五十嵐 啓介, 羽鳥 哲矢, 吉田 裕志
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p.
18-19
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Brown coal has many oxygen-containing functional groups such as carboxyl groups and it is ion-exchangeable with metal species. We separate Cu and Fe included in waste etching liquid adding NH_3 and then recovered Cu by ion-exchanged with brown coal.
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板倉 優, 西村 浩, 桑原 隆, 森井 善隆, 末武 悟, 松田 茂弘
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p.
20-21
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The basic properties analysis and test for 21 kinds of wood pellet were performed to research handling properties of wood pellet for mixed use with coal in pulverized coal thermal power station. The handling properties of pellet from bark part showed higher performance than pellet from woody part. The handling properties of wood pellet are affected by a kind of raw material and part of wood.
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王 青躍, 前薗 拓矢, 土門 正幸, 山口 哲央
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22-23
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In this study, we analyzed chemical composition of rice husk of agricultural waste and investigated its combustion characteristic, in which rice husk was used as fuel by a combustor with a fluid bed of air vortex current. As the results, rice husk discharged the volatile matter over 320 °C, and ignited at 400 °C. The chemical composition of rice husk seemed to be little different with the production area or its varietal, but there were no obvious effects on its combustion. Rice husk has enough calorific value when using a fluidized bed combustor.
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島田 雄太, 守富 寛, 安藤 陽, 多 吉, 隈部 和弘, 神原 信志
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p.
24-25
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Merits of thermochemical conversion such as gasification are of short reaction time and compact reactor, but there are some problems like the tar and the smell that should be solved. In this study, we investigated the effect of additive air and steam to decompose the tar on product gas composition and gasification rate. As the results, additive air and steam is effective to promote the organic solid waste gasification and to decompose the tar, which can regenerate the sorbent for the tar.
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多 吉, 守富 寛, 索南 〓杰, 島田 雄太, 隈部 和弘, 神原 信志
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p.
26-27
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In the organic solid waste treatment, there are some problems like the tar and the smell that should be solved. We already reported that porous alumina is effective on the tar adsorption and dolomite is on tar decomposition. In this study, we focus on the effect of negative ion and ozone on the tar decomposition and partial combustion. As the results, ozone is ineffective and negative ion is slightly effective for tar decomposition from the organic solid waste in low temperature.
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山崎 裕貴, 林 一毅, 原田 等, 井藤 宗親, 中村 一夫, 堀 寛明
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p.
28-29
発行日: 2010/09/21
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We have been developing a technology of gasification and methanol synthesis from biomass. Our demonstration test has achieved the carbon conversion rate of 95% and the cold gas efficiency of 65%, proving high gasification efficiency, and the methanol production has been steady at 50L/day.
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篠田 雄一, 坂輪 光弘, 山崎 新平, 堀沢 栄, 松本 泰典, 池上 雅博, 眞鍋 豊志, 今西 隆男, 市原 孝志, 稲田 将人, 大 ...
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p.
30-31
発行日: 2010/09/21
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We have developed already the process that the charcoal made from used paper is available for growing plant. In this research, the charcoal is made from not only used paper but also mixture of unused woody resources such as sawdust and bark. The charcoal is used for environmental materials. For this purpose the board type charcoal is tried.
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金森 雄一郎, 韓 黎明, 隈部 和弘, 守富 寛, 神原 信志, 長谷川 達也
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p.
32-33
発行日: 2010/09/21
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The FT synthesis(FTS)of syngas, whose composition was H_2:CO:N_2=2:1:3(volumetric ratio), was carried out using Co-based catalysts in order to produce hydrocarbons(HCs)equivalent to kerosene, which is used as an alternative aviation fuel. The FTS had been conducted in a downdraft continuous-flow-type fixed-bed reactor under a temperature of 503 K and a pressure of 3.0 MPa for 5 h. The effects of the space velocity(W/F)and the chelator on the FTS were studied by focusing on primary kerosene yield and the carbon mass balance. In C6+ HCs, the selectivity of CO to the C11-C14 HCs equivalent to kerosene was found to be the second highest, the highest being its selectivity to C6-C10 HCs equivalent to gasoline. The amount of primary kerosene produced was maximum(the overall CO conversion was 99% and the selectivity to C11-C14 HCs was 10%)under the W/F of 9 g h/mol. The decrease of W/F in the FTS deceased the overall CO conversion. The addition of a chelator decreased the selectivity to CO_2.
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望月 友貴, 菅原 勝康
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p.
34-35
発行日: 2010/09/21
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Arsenic(As)and selenium(Se)in coal are classified into toxic and high volatile element groups during combustion and gasification. As part of a series of studies carried out on coal cleaning to prevent environmental problems and to promote efficient coal utilization processes, the release behaviors of As and Se during pyrolysis and gasification were investigated. As and Se in coal and char were classified into three groups by sequential leaching method with HCl, HNO_3 and H_2SO_4. In pyrolysis, the release extent of As gradually increased with the increase of temperature, while the release extent of Se drastically increased above 800°C. The release extents of Se and As for coals in pyrolysis below 1200°C were correlated with ash contents. A part of HCl and HNO_3 soluble As in raw coal changed into H_2SO_4 soluble, and HCl and HNO_3 soluble Se in coal released during pyrolysis.
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鎌田 博之, 内藤 俊之, 幸村 明憲
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p.
36-37
発行日: 2010/09/21
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Mercury oxidation by the V_2O_5/TiO_2 based commercial SCR catalyst was investigated. In coal combustion flue gas, ash derived from coal has been gradually accumulated on the honeycomb surface. By an FE-SEM observation on the honeycomb surface with assistance of FIB(Focused Ion Beam)technique, very fine ash particles with several 10 to several 100 nm of diameter were confirmed to form a porous deposition layer on the honeycomb surface. Both NO conversion and Hg^0 oxidation rates are decreased in accordance with the thickness of the porous deposition layer on the catalyst surface. Diffusion limitation of reactants through the porous deposition layer is one of crucial factor which determines the catalyst life time.
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山田 健太, 古園 拓也, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
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p.
38-39
発行日: 2010/09/21
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The wet flue gas desulfurization(FGD)waters obtained from a coal combustion system was analyzed especially focusing on the presence of trace hazardous elements. For B and Se, appreciable concentrations are observed in the FGD waters when the coals with higher concentrations of these elements are used. Also, the removal of B, Se, and Hg from a simulated FGD water was attempted. A glucamine-type resin or fiber showed a high adsorption ability for B and Hg.
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中島 常憲, 井手原 広季, 山田 健太, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
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p.
40-41
発行日: 2010/09/21
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Se(VI)was hard to remove from the aqueous media by using the conventional removal method, such as adsorption. Therefore, the removal of Se(VI) from the simulated wet FGD waters by use of bioreduction and TiO_2 photocatalytic reduction were investigated. When the bioreduction and photocatalytic reduction systems were attempted for a simple Se(VI) solution, the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(0) precipitate actually occurs and Se(VI) was effectively removed from aqueous media. However, the removal efficiency of Se(VI) was considerably inhibited by some co-existing anions, such as NO_3^- or SO_4^<2-> when these reduction methods were applied for the simulated FGD waters.
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水谷 晋, 早川 幸男, 守富 寛, 神原 信志, 隈部 和弘
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p.
42-43
発行日: 2010/09/21
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In the present study, the influence of corrodible trace heavy metals in simulated coal gasification gas on a solid fuel cell(SOFC)was investigated by the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation with a commercial software and the exposure tests of heavy metals to an electric cell of SOFC with an electrical furnace. As a result, it was found the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation is helpful as a prediction tool in the interaction between heavy metals in coal gasification gas and metals in the electric cell of SOFC.
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倉本 浩司, 福島 登志代, 松岡 浩一, 鈴木 善三, 堀田 照久, 山地 克彦, 岸本 治夫, 横川 晴美, 義家 亮, 成瀬 一郎, ...
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p.
44-45
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The use of coal syngas as fuel to drive SOFC is one of the attractive options for efficient power generation(e.g. IGFC: Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle). It would be necessary to clarify the complex effects of trace impurities contained in the coal syngas on the stability in performance and the chemical/physical constitution of SOFC anode and electrode. Power generation as well as exposure experiments were carried out with a button-shaped single SOFC cell. A SEM-EDX observation confirmed that micro-scale change in morphology and chemical composition of SOFC anode. Recoverable and unrecoverable performance losses were observed during our exposure tests suggesting the occurrence of various chemical interactions between trace impurities in fuel gas and active site of SOFC anode.
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上山 由貴, 井手原 広季, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
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p.
46-47
発行日: 2010/09/21
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Biodesulfurization of coals by use of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was examined, and the coking property of the biodesulfurized coal was investigated in terms of button index. The % removal of inorganic sulfur was 40-90% when the biodesulfurization was carried out for three high sulfur coals. Also, the biodesulfurization favorably worked for the removal of As and Se from coal. Moreover, a good correlation was observed between the removal of As from coal and that for inorganic sulfur. For the coking property of the biodesulfurized coal, the button index was not varied. The results suggest that the biodesulfurization is a useful process not only for steam coals but also for coking coals.
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三田村 章弘, 神原 信志, 守富 寛, 隈部 和弘
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p.
48-49
発行日: 2010/09/21
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Mercury desorption profiles of fly ashes were investigated to observe mercury forms for 12 different fly ashes collected from pulverized coal fired power plants. In the desorption experiments, mercury form was almost all elemental mercury for all coal fly ashes. However, the profiles were different in coal types. Standard desorption experiments using activated carbon with and without HCl gas were carried out to elucidate difference of the desorption profiles. It was clearly that adsorbed mercury through HCl on the carbon surface was evolved as elementary mercury.
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長沼 宏, 池田 信矢, 成瀬 一郎, 義家 亮, 植木 保昭, 松浦 幹夫, 伊藤 正, 佐竹 英
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p.
50-51
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In pulverized coal fired boilers, molten ash particles generated during combustion have possibility of adhesion on surface of heat exchanger tubes. This causes problems of heat transfer inhibition such as slagging and fouling as well as erosion and/or corrosion of the tubes. In order to solve those problems, surface treatment technology on the heat exchanger tubes has been developed in this study. In this paper, the ash deposition and tube damage mechanisms were discussed by observing and analyzing the interface between the tube and ash deposition in the practical boiler.
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田窪 陽司, 朴 海洋, 秋山 勝哉
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p.
52-53
発行日: 2010/09/21
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Ash with low melting point causes the generation of large mass of clinker and a lot of operational problems in pulverized coal combustion boilers. Therefore, the development of the practicable technology in order to evaluate and predict the generation of large mass of clinker is demanded. In this study, the analysis of clinker samples and the evaluation of the operational results are conducted. As a result, it is clarified that the molten slag fraction in ash obtained by the chemical equilibrium calculation and the content of iron in ash affect the generation of large mass of clinker. Moreover, it is confirmed that this evaluation method is one of the useful indices for proper coal blending to reduce the generation of large mass of clinker.
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赤堀 有記, 植木 保昭, 義家 亮, 成瀬 一郎
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p.
54-55
発行日: 2010/09/21
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In Japan, electricity is mainly produced by means of thermal power generation with combustion of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal. On the other hand, large amount of coal is used as material of cement by mixing with limestone, too. Therefore, the purpose is to develop high efficiency energy cycle which product electric power and cement material called clinker simalutaneously to save the usage of raw materials. In this paper, the prediction of how to create clinker is examined by means of Factsage which is thermal equilibrium calculation software. The results obtained are compared how much mix ratio is more efficiency to product clinker. The results of CCSEM analyses show what components created in from experiment.
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坪内 直人, 赤間 佑紀, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
56-57
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The fate of char-F in the fixed bed combustion of six pyrolyzed chars has been examined with a quartz reactor at 1000°C. HF formation starts after the apparent completion of CO_2 evolution with all chars. The yield after 8 h combustion is in the range of 13 to 45 %, and it is larger for the chars with higher burn-off of 93-94 %. The XPS spectra for the chars with HF yields of 30-45 % give the distinct F 1s signals, which can be identified to inorganic and organic fluorine, the proportion of the latter being as large as 70-80 mol%. A model experiment shows that HF can react with pure carbon without any minerals at 950°C. It is thus possible that part of HF evolved from char-F may react secondarily with unburned carbon remaining in ash after combustion to be transformed into organic C-F forms.
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嶋村 倫生, 植木 保昭, 義家 亮, 成瀬 一郎, 秋山 勝哉
原稿種別: 本文
p.
58-59
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To preserve fossil fuel resources, it is important to develop the efficient use of low rank coals like brown coal and lignite all over the world. Upgraded Brown Coal(UBC), which is the coal dewatered and stabilized in heated oil, is the promising way to use low rank coals as well as bituminous coals. In this paper, fundamental combustion characteristics and kinetics of UBC are examined via thermo-gravimetric(TG)analyses and Drop Tube Furnace(DTF)experiments. They are compared with those of bituminous coal. The UBC seemed to have higher reactivity during combustion than bituminous coal. There is a difference in the volatile evolution process between the UBC and bituminous coals.
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松下 洋介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
60-61
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Combustion reaction rate of the pulverized coal particle in the high temperature condition is dominated by mass transfer rate of oxidant. Thought it is common practice to estimate mass transfer rate of oxidant considering diffusion rate only, product gas prevents oxidant from mass transfer from bulk to the surface on the char particle especially in the high temperature condition such as oxygen-rich combustion. In this study, mass transfer rate of oxidant to the surface on the char particle is numerically estimated and effect of the product gas on mass transfer of oxidant is investigated.
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渡部 弘達, 山本 潤一郎, 丸毛 孝, 岡崎 健
原稿種別: 本文
p.
62-63
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The characteristics of NO_x formation and reduction were investigated in O_2/CO_2 combustion. As a result, CO and OH concentration in O_2/CO_2 combustion were drastically higher than air combustion. This was because high CO_2 concentration enhanced the reaction(CO_2+H→CO+OH). NO_x reduction mechanism arising from high CO and OH radical concentration condition was clarified. It was indicated that O_2/CO_2 combustion was suited for reducing nitrogen-oxide.
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奥村 幸彦, Zhang Jingwei, Eddings Eric G., Wendt Jost O.L.
原稿種別: 本文
p.
64-65
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The pure effects of various important factors, i.e., the initial oxygen concentration, flame temperature and flame pattern on the NOx formation during oxy-coal combustion are investigated. As a result, we show the flame pattern changes from a detached flame to an attached flame with the increase in flame temperature. The single particle model for estimating NO_x emission level is applicable to the detached flame pattern. This implies that in the case of the detached flame, pulverized coal burns with a structure of premixed flame.
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星野 明宏, 山下 亨
原稿種別: 本文
p.
66-67
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Subbituminous coal and bituminous coal were blended, and their pulverization behaviors were investigated with HGI mill. The objective of this study is to predict pulverization behaviors such as mill consumption, the size distribution of pulverized coal at mill outlet, and so forth based on the aspects of each individual coal. When subbituminous coal and bituminous coal were blended at equal rate, the pulverization behaviors of the blended coal were more greatly influenced by subbituminous coal.
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朴 海洋, 秋山 勝哉, 田窪 陽司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
68-69
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Grindability and combustion characteristics of low HGI coal on blended condition with bituminous coal are evaluated. HGI(Hardgrove Grindability Index), defined by JIS M8801, is standard evaluation method for grindability of coal. However, this method is inapplicable to blended condition with low HGI coal. When the blended coal of high HGI coal and low HGI coal is pulverized at the same time, it is observed that the high HGI coal with high fuel ratio is pulverized selectively and the unburned ratio increases. Therefore, as for using low HGI coal with low fuel ratio and high HGI coal, it is suggested that these coals are pulverized separately and mixed in the boiler.
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Yajuan Wei, Noomi Yamada, Atsushi Sato, Yoshihiko Ninomiya, Qunying Wa ...
原稿種別: 本文
p.
70-71
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The effect of different Mg-containing additives on the reduction of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm(PM_<2.5>)during pulverized coal combusted was investigated. Experimental results indicate that, the Mg-containing additives tested here imposed a pronounced impact on the particle size distribution of PM_<2.5>. However, the shape as well as surface properties of particles generated by different additives considerably differed from each other, which confirmed that different additives are associated with the inherent coal minerals in different forms, thereby experiencing different evolutionary processes during combustion.
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Facun Jiao, Yajuan Wei, Lian Zhang, Luguang Chen, Sankar Bhattacharya, ...
原稿種別: 本文
p.
72-73
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Oxy-fuel combustion of a Victorian brown coal of Australia was carried out at 1000°C to experimentally quantify the vaporisation of organically bound metals and the coagulation of corresponding metallic vapors as a function of the concentration of gaseous impurities including H_2O, HCl and SO_2 in 27% O_2 balanced with CO_2. The results indicate that, organically bound metals are highly sensitive to the changes to the loading of gas impurities during lignite combustion. HCl re-circulation is the most crucial factor promoting the vaporisation of metals via chlorination. Re-circulation of SO_2 affected the vaporisation of Na via changing the SO_2/HCl ratio in flue gas. Co-existence of steam with HCl and SO_2 is more favorable for the conversion of chlorides into molten alumino-silicates rather than sulfate droplet, which however should be cautioned, as its side effect on coal oxidation rate would be significantly intensified.
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海保 守, 山田 理, 安田 肇
原稿種別: 本文
p.
74-75
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The temperature, when coal is gasified along with the reaction formula, CHmOnL05(1-n)O_2→0.5mH_2+CO, is estimated for 100 different kinds of coals. The temperatures estimated are proportional to the heat of formation of coal molecules. This linearity is elucidated according to the material balance of reaction formulas for coal formation and standard gasification. The relationship between heat of formation and cold gas efficiency is also represented by a simple equation.
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川端 方子, 壹岐 典彦, 倉田 修, 堤 敦司, 幸田 栄一, 須田 俊之, 松澤 克明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
76-77
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Advanced IGCC was proposed with fluidized bed coal gasifier following the concept of exergy recuperation by steam reforming. CCS-ready system of Advanced IGCC is examined with chemical absorption method. The fuel is sub-bituminous coal and the absorbent are mono-ethanol amine(MEA)and methyl diethanolamine(MDEA). In the case of CO_2 captured from the exhaust gas of gas turbine, the decrease of the thermal efficiency is 11% for MEA absorbent and the decrease of the thermal efficiency is 8% for MDEA absorbent.
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松原 徹, 工藤 真二, 則永 行庸, 林 潤一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
78-79
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Reforming of nascent volatile from the rapid pyrolysis of two kinds of coals(Loy Yang, Ly and Adaro, AD)over char prepared from the identical coals was studied at 900 °C. The reforming was very rapid and extensive for LY, allowing only benzene(0.02% on a coal C basis), naphthalene(0.001%), and phenanthrene(0.0001%)to escape from the char bed at an empty-bed gas residence time of less than 170 ms, whereas the reforming was less extensive for AD, exhibition 0.6% of tar yield. In reforming of the nascent tar from AD, influence of dilution of the char particle bed by mixing with silica sand was additionally studied. It was found that the dilution of the char particles had little influence on the reforming characteristics, suggesting that extensive tar reforming can likely be expected at the non-fixed bed reactor in which the solid hold-up is small.
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松原 健次, 高橋 英史, 横山 隆, 目黒 竹司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
80-81
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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As a pretreatment technology for charge coal in the production of coke, utilization of a solvent-extracted petroleum binder which is available as a residue from solvent extraction of petroleum heavy oil was investigated. The binder was added to briquetted slightly-caking coal after pulverizing and drying. Then the briquettes were charged into a coke oven. The binder and slightly-caking coal were found to effectively react in the coke oven and to afford products equivalent to good coking coal.
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上田 成, 岡田 清史, 小野崎 正樹, 荒牧 寿弘, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
82-83
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Artificial super coal(ASC)is produced through thermal decomposition and hydrogenation reactions of coal at a moderate temperature, 370 to 400 degree C, and a mild pressure, 1 to 30 atm, using hydrogenated heavy solvent. Oxygen is removed through decarboxylation and dehydration while radical fragments produced in the thermal cracking are stabilized with nascent hydrogen during the conversion to ASC. The production process was studied to lower the severity of operating conditions and improve the economics of the process, while coking characterization of ASC as the additive is maintained or even improved.
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上坊 和弥, 宮下 重人
原稿種別: 本文
p.
84-85
発行日: 2010/09/21
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Gas pressure in coking chamber was measured in an actual coke oven in relation to the big displacement of chamber wall at coal charge. The pressure was extremely high with CMC coal(coal treated by coal moisture control process), while it was small with wet coal. Gas permeability was investigated in lab-scale and confirmed that the gas flow resistance of wet coal is obviously lower than that of CMC coal even under the same bulk density. It can be caused by the large apparent particle size of wet coal due to the cohesion of fine particle.
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