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Cover1-
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原稿種別: 目次
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Simon R. Kelemen, Martin L. Gorbaty, Peter J. Kwiatek
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1-2
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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy was used to characterize nitrogen forms in coals and their pyrolysis tars and chars. Transformations of nitrogen forms during various pyrolysis stages have been defined.
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西山 [ヨシ]行
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3-4
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高 鴻, 貴傳名 甲, 村田 聡, 三浦 雅博, 野村 正勝
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5-8
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A new three-dimensional microscopic image analysis method was developed to observe and evaluate quantitatively the dynamic swelling behavior and characteristics of coal macerals in solvent. The most important result obtained using this new method is: the existence of characteristic multi-peak distribution of volumetric swelling ratio in the coal macerals strongly suggests the existence of characteristic multi-peak distribution of the molecular weight between cross-link points. Therefore, the results seem to be new direct evidences to prove the concept of physically associated model of coal structure.
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磯田 茂紀, 鷹觜 利公, 飯野 雅
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p.
9-12
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Coal extracts-solvent gel films are prepared by evaporation of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) from coal extract solution in NMP. FT-IR mesurment was carried out to investigate the physical state of NMP in the gel films. A significant amount of NMP were found to form hydrogen bonds with coal in the gel film. Temperature dependence of viscoelasticity was investigated to clarify cross-linking structure of the gel.
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鷹觜 利公, 飯野 雅, 中村 和夫
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13-16
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For the three extract fractions from the extraction of Upper Freeport coal, their model structures based on the structural parameters were constructed and the energy-minimum conformation was calculated by the molecular mechanism and molecular dynamics methods. As the fractions were heavier, i.e., in the order of AS<PS<PI, several interactions through π-π interaction, hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction formed more stable associates among the model structures. Furthermore, by the molecular dynamics calculation of interaction of the stable associates with 20 molecules of pyridine, it was obtained that the coal associates are dissociated by new interaction between the model structures and pyridine molecules. While, when benzene or methanol was used as an interacting molecule, the dissociation of coal associates did not take place, although their molecules also interacted with the associates. The macromolecular structure of coal extract fractions and the interaction with various kinds of solvents are discussed.
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伝馬 大輔, 松岡 浩一, 高橋 浩, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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17-20
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Pelletized Goonyella coal was heated under N_2 gas atmosphere of 1.0MPa at a rate of 10K/min to a holding temperature around 700K, where change in apparent viscosity of the coal was evaluated by means of a needle penetrometry. During the holding period at 690K the viscosity decreased and then increased, while the mass fraction of pyridine solubles (PS), φ_p, decreased monotonously. This result can not be explained by existing models assuming softening coal to be a slurry in which PS behaves as liquid. The validity of the assumption was thus examined by measuring and analyzing the needle penetration into a model pellet of inert semicoke and PS in a temperature range from 500 to 650K. Softening characteristics of mixtures with φ_p of 0.4-1.0 were quantitatively described by Mooney's equation employing a critical value of solid mass fraction of 0.72. Time-dependent change of liquid fraction was calculated for the coal at 690K using the above equation and observed needle penetration data. The fraction was much larger (35-38%) than observed φ_p which was evaluated less than 20% from pyridine extraction.
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菅野 元行, 武田 渉, 米盛 由季, 真下 清, 和井内 徹
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21-24
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Four deashed coals of different rank prepared in HCl and HF aqueous solutions were treated with several metal (K^+, Na^+, Mg^<2+>, Ca^<2+>, Fe^<2+>, Fe^<3+> and Al^<3+>) acetate, chloride and hydroxide aqueous solutions, to produce corresponding metal loaded coals. The relations between the contents and the kind of loaded cations were investigated. Further, the structural changes of coals induced by cation exchange were also discussed from the pyridine extractability. For lower rank coals such as Adaro and Black Thunder coals, almost linear relations between the contents of loaded cations and the decrease amounts in PS of coals loaded cations were indicated.
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三浦 孝一, 前 一広, 両角 文明, 草川 拓己
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p.
25-28
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The authors have recently presented a method to estimate the strength distribution of hydrogen bondings in coal using FTir and DSC. The method was applied to estimate the strength of coal-water interaction in two different coals and to estimate the enthalpy change deriving from the change in hydrogen bondings during the desorption of water. The estimated enthalpy change was compared with the total enthalpy change estimtated by DSC measurement to examine the importance of hydrogen bondings during the desortion of water.
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則永 行庸, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
29-32
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Water in brown coal, in general, consists of three different types of water, i.e. free, bound and non-freezable water. When died at 303K, the water was released in the above order. In swelling experiments with water, the changes in the coal volume were reversible in the region for free water desorption, while irreversible in that for the other types desorption. A portion of hydrogen in the coal matrix was observed to demonstrate Lorentzian decays. The amount of the mobile coal hydrogen (M_H) decreased with the removal of bound or non-freezable water. M_H was in good agreement with the amount of hydroxylic hydrogen that was quantitatively exchanged by deuterium.
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三宅 幹夫, 吉田 浩二, 寺西 利治
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p.
33-36
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Carboxylic acids produced from aliphatic constituents in coals after oxidation with RuO_4 were analyzed by ion chromatography and GC-MS. Results of such analyses suggest that metyl group is major substituent to aromatic ring, which amount is independent of coal rank. It is also suggested that amounts of ethyl group and dimethylen bridge increase for coals with lower rank. Maximum amount of phthalic ester was observed for coals with 80〜83wt%C, indicating that coals with such rank preferentially consisted of naphthalene nucleus.
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山田 貴彦, 加賀 佳, 村上 賢治, 布田 潔, 松永 利昭
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p.
37-40
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The structural changes in brown coal during low-temperature heat treatment were examined by metallic ion exchange. The heat treated coal at 300℃ did not show any exchanging ability of the protonic ions with the metallic ions, Mg, Co or Ni, while significant exchange of these metallic ions was observed for the coal sample dried in vacuo at 50℃. On the other hand, the coal pre-exchanged with calcium ions showed rather large exchanging ability even after heat treatment at 400℃. This is considered to be due to maintaining the structure surrounding carboxyl groups even at higher temperature treatment by the existence of calcium ions. Further the selectivity of ion exchange using the solution containing two species of metallic cations varied by heat treatment temperature and pH of solution. Which may be caused by shrinkage or relaxation of the brown coal structure. The model of structural changes in brown coals during low-temperature heat treatment was presented on the basis of the above results.
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謝 暁峰, 大木 章, 中島 常憲, 前田 滋
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p.
41-44
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Properties of low-rank coals when the coal was hydrothermally-treated at 150-350℃ were examined with particular emphasis on the surface properties. The analysis of coal properties includes, hygroscopicity, the contents of carboxyl group and phenolic hydroxyl group, specific surface area, atomic force microscope (AMF) imaging, and maceral composition. The content of carboxyl group greatly decreased as heat-treatment temperature (HTT) was raised; whereas decrease in the content of hydroxyl group was rather small. When the hydrothermal treatment was performed in the presence of an upgrading agent, such as tall oil, the hygroscopicity of 200℃ treated coal was comparable to that for a coal treated at 300℃ without the agent.
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愛澤 禎典, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
45-48
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Morwell brown coal (ML) was oxidized in Na_2CO_3 aqueous solution at 85℃, into which atmospheric oxygen gas was bubbled. Analysis of products revealed that aromatic clusters were selectivity decomposed by the oxidation. When a cluster was decomposed, aromatic carbons attached to inter-cluster bridges were converted into C=O or COOH as a peripheral of neighboring clusters, others into organic acids and volatiles. A clear relationship was found between the loss of aromatic carbons and the gain of peripherals and therefrom the average coordination number of the macromolecular network was estimated. Characteristics of the degradation were qualitatively in good agreement with those for a statistical polymer network.
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大内田 裕一, 中島 常憲, 大木 章, 前田 滋
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p.
49-52
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Weathering of coal is a quality change phenomenon by slow oxidation under the influence of air and water. When coals were oxidized in an electric oven at 60-150℃, the content of carbonyl group increased; while that of hydroxyl group increased up to 60-100℃ and then decreased. When CWM was prepared from the oxidized coals, the CWM viscosity increased as the oxidation temperature was raised. When oxidized coals were used for CWM, low pH and the elution of metal ions were observed.
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岡本 淳, 橋本 友博, 朝見 賢二, 米澤 義朗
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p.
53-56
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The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, which can analyze multi-elements simultaneously and shortly, was applied to the measurement of 13 elements such as Na, Ca, and Cl in coal. Good linear correlation between the content and the X-ray intensity was obtained for each element in a concentration range from 0.01 to several percent by weight using a carbon black or Li_2B_4O_7 as a binder. The contents of these elements in several coals such as Illinois No.6 coal were calculated with the calibration lines. Some contents were analyzed by other analysis methods, and the values were consistent with those obtained by the XRF method.
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白井 誠之, 西山 [ヨシ]行, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男
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p.
57-60
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X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was applied to the direct determination of the chemical and structural environment of sulfur in coals. Third derivatives of the XANES spectra from model compounds provided fingerprints for interpreting sulfur forms in coals. XANES analysis indicated that high rank Fu Rong coal have elemental sulfur, which explain the high desulfurization.
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岡崎 進, 黒澤 周太郎, 阿尻 雅文, 新井 邦夫
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p.
61-63
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This paper describes catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene via water-gas-shift reaction (CO+H_2O⇔CO_2+H_2) in Supercritical water (SCW). We conducted experiments of naphthalene hydrogenation with NiMo/Al_2O_3 at 673K and water density 0.2-0.5g/cm^3 in CO-SCW and H_2-SCW, using a tube bomb reactor. The results indicated that hydrogenation proceeds more effectively in CO-SCW than in H_2-SCW
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畑 和明, 和田 健司, 光藤 武明
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p.
65-68
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Activities of iron-based catalysts towards the coprocessing of extra-heavy vacuum residues and coals using syngas-water were investigated. Synthetic pyrite showed high catalytic activity to achieve the high conversion into THF-soluble matter (99.3%) and n-hexane-soluble matter (70.4%) in the coprocessing using Arabian Heavy vacuum residue and Wandoan coal (residue:coal=2:1, 425℃, 60min) in combination with the pretreatment at lower temperature.
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与倉 寛人, 野中 寛, 松村 幸彦, 堤 敦司, 吉田 邦夫
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p.
69-72
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Mixture of coal and cellulose was liquefied in supercritical water (400℃, 25MPa), and yields of residue, liquid and gas were compared with the result of separate liquefaction of coal and cellulose. Co-liquefaction does not reduce the residue yield, but leads to a higher liquid yield. Addition of nickel catalyst results in a higher gas yield and a smaller residue yield. Hydrogen is produced by nickel catalyst, but is not utilized in coal liquefaction effectively.
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鈴木 大輔, 辻 俊郎, 柴田 俊春, 上牧 修, 伊藤 博徳
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p.
73-76
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We've been investigating the effective use of coal liquefaction residue. On the other hand the disposal of waste plastic is important environmental problem in Japan. Therefore thermal and catalytic cracking of the residue with polyethylene has been studied. Conversion of thermal cracking of the mixture showed almost no synergistic effect in the present conditions. Better conversion and oil quality were obtained in the presence of hydrogen than nitrogen. Catalytic cracking with zeolite F-9 or HZSM-5 gave higher conversion and oil yield than thermal cracking. Using tetralin as solvent improved the conversion of both thermal and catalytic cracking.
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畢 継誠, 加茂 徹, 小寺 洋一, 山口 宏, 佐藤 芳樹
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p.
77-80
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In order to study elemental reactions between coal and hydrogen, reaction of coal with hydrogen atom was investigated at 20-1000℃ under 1.0 and 760 Torr. Weight decreases of coal, caused by the reaction with hydrogen atom, were observed over 300℃. Main gas products from the reaction of coal with hydrogen atom were methane, carbonoxide, and carbondioxide. Amount of these produces were more than ten times larger than those from thermal decomposition. Liquid products increased with temperature. Increase of naphthalene with temperature implies that dealkyl reaction, occurred by addition of hydrogen atom on the ipso position of alkyl aromatic compound, is dominant at higher temperatures. The result agreed with our previous experiment using some model compounds.
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二タ村 森
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p.
81-84
発行日: 1997/10/30
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It has been shown that solvent dehydrogenation and a hydrogen transfer from solvent to benzyl-1-methylnaphthalene (BMN) proceed on the different surfaces of the carbon materials. Their hydrogen-transferring abilities are affected by surface functionalities rather than surface area. Quinoid structures on the surfaces of the carbon materials can act as hydrogen-shuttling moieties.
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小方 英輔, 堀江 一之, 斉藤 郁夫, 請川 孝治, 西嶋 昭生
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p.
85-88
発行日: 1997/10/30
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In order to develop the suitable catalyst for hydroconversion of coal and heavy materials, possibility of high quality catalyst production from iron sulfates was pursued on the hydroconversion of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) and 4-(1-naphthylmethyl) bibenzyl (NMBB) with iron sulfates in the absence and presence of sulfur (S) at 350℃. Catalystic activity of ferrous sulfate was very low in the absence of S. The activity of ferrous sulfate was dramatically increased with addition of enough S for the hydrogenation of 1-MN and hydrocracking of NMBB. The activity of ferric sulfate, however, did not increase with addition of S. Ferrous sulfate is revealed one of useful catalyst precursors for hydroconversion of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons.
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兼田 一快, 和田 雄磨, 村田 聡, 野村 正勝
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p.
89-90
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近藤 克利, 川西 つばさ, 池永 直樹, 鈴木 俊光
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p.
91-94
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In order to prevent from plugging of catalyst bed in the fixed bed catalyzed coal liquefaction, Ru loaded alumina plate catalyst was prepared by anodic oxidation of aluminum plate. Coal liquefaction with Al_2O_3 plate supported Ru catalyst was carried out at 425℃ under pressurized H_2 in 1-methylnaphthalene. Coal conversion of 87.2% and oil yield of 50.0% were obtained.
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坂西 欣也, 蓮尾 東海, 持田 勲
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p.
95-98
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Single-and two-stage liquefactions of Yallourn, South Banko, and Tanitoharum coals were performed in an autoclave of 50ml capacity at the solvent (tetralin)/coal ratios of 1.5 and 0, using NiMo sulfides supported on carbon nanoparticles (NiMo/KB catalyst). The oil yield decreased very much by reducing the solvent amount regardless of the coal species, however the two-stage (360℃-60min/450℃-60min) liquefaction gave the much higher oil yields of 60-68% even without solvent compared to the single-stage (450℃-60min) reaction. The oil produced with NiMo/KB catalyst carried more lighter fractions in the boiling range of 100-300℃ regardless of the coal species, especially in the two-stage liquefaction. Such excellent performances of NiMo/carbon catalyst reflect its higher hydrogenation activity as well as the high dispersion on the coal surface at the initial stage of coal liquefaction, suppressing the retrogressive reactions even under the solvent-free conditions.
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岡田 康生, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 川端 睦麿, 池田 耕一, 今田 邦弘
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p.
99-102
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The slurry of Tanito Harum coal (Indonesia) was rapidly heated up by the preheater of 1t/d Process Supporting Unit (PSU). The behaviour of coal macerals in initial stage of coal liquefaction has been investigated with petrographic analysis. Consequently, the relationship between the vitrinite reflectance of heated coal and products yield, residence time in preheater and H/C atomic ratio of toluene insoluble can be recognized. A fraction of coal maceral selectively reacted in the initial stage of coal liquefaction. The progress of coal liquefaction at preheating process was dependent on temperature and residence time of preheater.
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大野 敬司, 真下 清, 和井内 徹
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p.
103-106
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The utilization of coal liquefaction residue (CLR) in 1t/d PSU was investigated. Hydrogenolysis reactions of CLR deashed by using CH_3COOH, H_2SO_4 or HF were carried out at 400℃ for 60min. The pretreatment using CH_3COOH or H_2SO_4 was effective to increase oil yield, but that using HF solution of lower concentration did not affect the increase and decrease of each fraction yield. Furthermore the activation of original catalyst in CLR was also discussed.
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山口 宏, 奥山 泰男, 松原 健次, 畢 継誠, 小寺 洋一, 加茂 徹, 佐藤 芳樹
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p.
107-110
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Liquefaction of Dibenzyl (DB) as a coal model compound, model plastics (PP, PS, high-density PE and their mixture), and the mixture of DB and the plastics were carried out at 430℃ for 60min using solvent with or without red mud/sulfur catalyst under 7MPa initial pressure of hydrogen or nitrogen. PE decomposition, which proceeds as radical chain reaction, was inhibited with the increase in hydrogen donorbility of solvent, and addition of the catalyst, resulting in lower conversion to hexane-& THF-soluble and lower oil yield. However, conversion of PE to THFS increased with the coexistence of DB, PP and PS. It was suggested that radicals from the coexisting reactants attacked PE, giving acceleration of PE cracking. The accelerating effect was largest in case of the coexistence of PS.
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中田 正夫
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p.
111-114
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Illinois #6 coal was converted to pyridine soluble fraction in tetralin at temperature from 250℃ to 300℃. Pseudo first order rate constants of this reaction and activation energy were measured. Activation energy (Ea) was 35.3 Kcal. And from this value the conversion is inferred to proceed through chemical bond succession.
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川端 睦麿, 相原 洋一, 今田 邦弘, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 柴田 昌男, 坂木 剛, 安田 誠二
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p.
115-118
発行日: 1997/10/30
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It was investigated that initial stage reaction samples which were rapidly heated by the preheater of 1t/d PSU under various temperature were reacted by using the autoclave for the purpose of studying the effect of initial stage reaction behaviour on the coal conversion after the coal liquefaction reaction. As a result, it is found that the conversion of the initial stage reaction does not almost affect on coal conversion after the coal liquefaction reaction.
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坂脇 弘二, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 川端 睦麿, 今田 邦弘, 立川 登, 茂木 照十三, 石川 勇
原稿種別: 本文
p.
119-122
発行日: 1997/10/30
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To design the coal liquefaction reactor with high performance of large scale plant in future, a grasp of characteristics of fluid dynamics in the coal liquefaction reactor and effect of operation condition on that under the coal liquefaction condition is very important. In this study, the effects of gas/liquid ratio in the operating conditions on fluid dynamics in the reactor and products yield were discussed, applying of Neutron Attenuating Tracer Technique (NAT). The residence time distribution curve of solid-liquid phase was obtained and examined state of fluid in the reactor.
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池田 耕一, 相原 洋一, 今田 邦弘, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 佐藤 芳樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
123-126
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Change in properties of coal derived oil from the 1t/d PSU by hydrotreating in a high pressure continuous apparatus equipped with a fixed bed reactor has been investigated. Effects of hydrotreating conditions on the oil properties were evaluated.
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相原 洋一, 池田 耕一, 今田 邦弘, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二, 佐藤 芳樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
127-130
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Coal derived oil was hydrogenated in order to remove the hetero-atoms, the properties of hydrogenation were studied with the material balance. As a result, gas yield was increased by higher reaction temperature, and hydrogenation of oil was accelerated by increase in reaction pressure and gas liquid ratio (G/L).
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奥山 憲幸, 安室 元晴, 小松 信行, 奥井 利明, 嶋崎 勝乗, 松村 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
131-134
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
Significant improvement of distillate yield can be obtained by the gas recycling in the coal liquefaction process. The gas recycling accelerates the stripping of light fraction with the concentrated slurry in the reactor. Heavy fraction can be hydrogenated effectively without increasing of hydrocarbon gases yield even though with a long residence time. This study summarized such effects by which compare the coal liquefaction performances in the case of stripping the light fraction and the case of not stripping using a 5L-gas flow type autoclave.
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安室 元晴, 奥山 憲幸, 佐藤 光一, 小松 信行, 奥井 利明, 嶋崎 勝乗, 松村 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
135-138
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
In a direct coal liquefaction process, increase in gas feed rate by gas recycling is a very effective operation to improve the distillate yield, because it provides the high concentration of both CLB (coal liquid bottom, b.p.>420℃) and catalyst with a long residence time of CLB. On the other hand, gas composition of gas phase in the reactor change by gas recycling. This paper discusses the effect of change in gas composition by gas recycinge on liquefaction reaction.
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小松 信行, 古明地 東, 桃野 栄治, 奥井 利明, 兼子 隆雄, 嶋崎 勝乗, 松村 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
139-142
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
フリー
The suppression of scale formation in reactor is one of the most important subjects in the brown coal liquefaction process. The scale samples from PP and BSU reactor were analyzed in order to investigate the mechanism of scale formation. It was found that key technologies to control scale formation were (1) reduction of ion exchangeable metal in coal and catalyst, (2) use of high boiling range solvent and (3) CLB recycle.
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並木 泰樹, 石橋 宏仁, 高木 勉, 小林 正俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
143-146
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
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After completion of the construction, 150t/d Bituminous coal liquefaction pilot plant was in operation phase, July in 1996. It was operated for commissioning, hot oil circulation, shakedown operation during nine month till March 1997. After shakedown operation, it was successfully operated twice without any serious trouble and especially in the second operation (Run-2), it was continuously operated during 1012 hours. In this paper, we present especially the operating profile of Run-2 and test results of coal liquefaction reactors.
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高津 淑人, 小根山 稔, 荒牧 寿弘, 小林 正俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
147-150
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Property of the recycle solvent and solvent hydrogenation in the NEDOL process was investigated through the operation of the 150t/d pilot plant (Run1,2). The following conclusions are obtained. (1) Property of the recycle solvent on the early stage of the operation changes considerably because it replaces the liquefaction distillation which is rich in the substituted aromatic compounds. (2) Solvent hydrogenation catalyst acts on the hydrogenation of aromatic rings mainly. (3) Catalytic activity for solvent hydrogenation is not lost much on the 1300hr operation.
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田澤 和治, 小山 徹, 進藤 照浩, 兼子 隆雄, 嶋崎 勝乗, 蔭山 陽一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
151-154
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The transformation of iron catalyst to active phase pyrrhotite was investigated in relation to the catalytic activity. γ-FeOOH transformed to pyrrhotite at lower temperature than pyrite. It was found that pyrrhotite from γ-FeOOH had smaller crystallites with a higher surface area than that from pyrite. Moreover, a large consumption of gaseous hydrogen was observed during the heating stage up to 450℃ in the case of γ-FeOOH catalyst, while the consumption of gaseous hydrogen in the case of pyrite catalyst was small. These results suggested that γ-FeOOH had a good catalytic activity for hydrogen transfer to radical fragments in initial stage of coal liquefaction.
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岸本 充司, 小松 信行, 奥井 利明, 嶋崎 勝乗, 蔭山 陽一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
155-158
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Basic study for high coal concentration in slurry was carried out. The characteristics of coal and solvent concerning with slurry viscosity were investigated, and it was found that pore volume of coal and oxygen containing materials in solvent were directly influenced on slurry viscosity. When the slurry consists of brown coal and hydrotreated oil, coal concentration can be achieved nearly 50wt%.
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上杉 研二, 佐藤 光一, 進藤 照浩, 奥井 利明, 兼子 隆雄, 嶋崎 勝乗, 蔭山 陽一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
159-162
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
会議録・要旨集
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As the development of advanced coal Liquefaction Process, increase in liquefied oil yield and improvement of oil quality were investigated by applying the temperature staged Liquefaction Reaction using Victorian brown coal (Yalloum coal) and Banko coal. From the liquefaction tests using Yalloum coal with process solvent derived from BSU, it was found that middle fraction (boiling point: 180-420℃) was mainly increased approximately 10wt% as the effect of thermal pretreatment at 380℃ before liquefaction reaction. Regarding to the Banko coal, similar effect was conformed although treatment condition is little different from those of Yalloum coal case, due to the difference in the characteristics of thermal decomposition.
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