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Cover1-
発行日: 1998/11/19
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中村 健蔵
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1-5
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二タ村 森, 曽根田 靖, 牧野 三則, 羽鳥 浩章, 半沢 洋子, 山田 能生
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7-10
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炭素材の中でも比較的表面積の大きい活性炭がベンジル-1-メチルナフタレンの水素化分解、アントラセンの水素化、ベンゾフェノンの脱酸素的還元反応を促進することが明らかとなった。これら活性炭が水素供与性溶媒であるテトラリンから水素受容体への水素移動を促進することは明らかである。水素受容体の構造により、水素化や水素化分解反応の位置選択性を異にする活性炭触媒の調製も可能であることが示唆された。
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加茂 徹, 畢 継誠, 小寺 洋一, 山口 宏, 佐藤 芳樹
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11-14
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Dehydro reaction of 2,2'-diphenol (DP) and 2,2'-dihydroxyldiphenyl methane (DPM) were investigated under very low pressure in a range of temperature 500-1100C. 2,2'-diphenol was decomposed to dibenzofuran mainly more than 600C. However, in the reaction of DPM, benzene and phenol, produced by a simple bond rupture, were observed as main products. The experimental results imply that the dehydro reaction is sensitive to the structure of molecules. Potential energy surface of the reaction was calculated using ab-initio method (GAUSSIAN 94 and 98). Stabilization energy of hydrogen bond and activation energy of the dehydro reaction of DP were calculated to be 3kcal/mol and 54kcal/mol respectively.
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小方 英輔, 堀江 一之, 二木 鋭雄, 斉藤 郁夫, 請川 孝治, 西嶋 昭生
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15-18
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Catalysis of metallic iron, iron oxides and iron sulfates was investigated on the hydroconversion of naphthalene-compounds in the absence and presence of sulfur (S) under hydrogen of 10MPa at 350℃. Catalytic activity of iron compounds in the absence of S were affected with the form of iron precursor charged and the structure of reactant. Iron compounds in the presence of S were showed high activity, without ferric sulfate. Hydrogenation of aromatic-rings was a main reaction in almost cases, but C_<ar>-C_<alk> bond between naphthalene-ring carbon and methylene carbon in 4-(1-naphthylmethyl) bibenzyl was hydrocracked in the presence of sulfur without ferric sulfate. Metallic iron and ferrous sulfate were revealed useful catalyst precursors for hydroconversion of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of sulfur.
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米山 嘉治, Chunchan SONG
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19-22
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Addition of water has a strong promoting effect on low-severity catalytic coal hydroliquefaction using in-situ generated MoS_2 catalyst. In order to clarify the role of adding water, model reactions of 2,2'-dinaphthyl ether were carried out using ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) as catalyst precursor in the presence and absence of H_2O or D_2O under hydroliquefaction conditions. Addition of water significantly promoted DNE conversions and the yields of C-O bond cleavage products as well as their hydrogenation. In order to clarify the effect of water on the catalytic activity, two-step reactions were carried out. Catalysts were prepared from the runs using ATTM with and without added water, and then DNE was hydrogenated with and without added water. After the preparation of catalysts using ATTM and water in the first step, removal of water prior to the reaction causes complete conversion of DNE; on the other hand, after the preparation of active catalysts using ATTM, addition of water significantly decreased the DNE conversion. These results suggest that addition of proper amount of water is effective for the in-situ generation of active MoS_2 catalyst for hydrogenation of DNE, but water itself does not have promoting effect on DNE conversion.
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藤巻 貴佳, 加藤 勉, 米山 嘉治
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23-26
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In order to clarify a mechanism of coal solubilization by alkylation, six coals having 77〜88%C were butylated by Stemberg method (Coal/K/THF-Bul) and Solcal method (Coal/Zn/Bul), respectively. Yield of benzene soluble product (BS) increased with coal rank. In these coals, Yubairi coal butylated by Solcal method was about 100% soluble in benzene. In addition, structural parameters, fa: 0.38;σ al: 0.58; Hau/Ca: 0.80; and M(Us): 399 of the benzene soluble products (BS) of Yubari by Solcal-Zn method suggest that the BS is highly reductively butylated.
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清水 聖幸, 斎藤 郁夫, 川島 裕之, 佐々木 進介, 菅沼 彰
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27-30
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Coals of different rank were used to study the effect of solubilization with superacid HF/BF_3 at 50〜150℃ under different kinds of stabilizers. Miike bituminous coal readily produced highly soluble products in all reaction condition, whereas the extent of solubilization of Yallourn lignite depended on reaction conditions such as temperature, stabilizer and acidity of acid catalyst.
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高木 英行, 礒田 隆聡, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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31-34
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Illinois #6 coal was treated using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) in the presence of isopentane and methylcyclopentane at 120℃ for 3h. Thus the extraction yield in THE was increased to 80-90%. The THF solubilized coal was then hydrogenated over a Ru/activated carbon catalyst at 120℃ for 48h under a hydrogen pressure of 10MPa. The liquid product was obtained after the solvent removal, and the H/C atomic ratio increased from 0.88 to 1.52 by the reaction. The increase in pyrolysis reactivity of the hydrogenated liquid was due to hydrogenation of aromatic rings.
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樫村 奈生, 畑 和明, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
35-38
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A solvent-flowing reactor (SFR) was utilized to examine effects of cooling in batch reactor (BTR) system on conversion of Yallourn coal liquefaction product being soluble in tetralin at a liquefaction temperature into those insoluble in extraction solvents at room temperature. The maximum conversion obtained in SFR was about 70% which was significantly higher than that in BTR. Analyses of the molecular weight distribution of the products as well as dependency of the product yields on liquefaction temperature and time suggested that a portion of the products converts to solvent insolubles along with a decrease in the tetralin solubility upon cooling.
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畑 和明, 樫村 奈生, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
39-42
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Formate ion can be formed as a reactive intermediate under alkali conditions in coal liquefaction in carbon monoxide-water systems. Yallourn brown coal was liquefied with sodium formate as a hydrogen source in a batch autoclave. The addition of sodium formate resulted in a decrease in the conversion (the yield of THF-soluble matter) with tetralin as a solvent. On the other hand, with water or ethanol replacing tetralin the conversion was enhanced by the use of sodium formate. LDI-mass spectrometry of the THF-soluble matters revealed that formate ion decomposed coal into lower molecular compounds.
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スバギオ・カストリア・インワン ジャヤ, 尾崎 純一, 大谷 朝男
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p.
43-46
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Solvolysis of Loy Yang coal was studied in supercritical methanol. The conversion increased with the reaction temperature from 33% at 300℃ to 73% at 400℃, when 0.2g of brown coal was reacted in 70ml methanol. The holding time at 400℃ did not influence the conversion of the 0.2g brown coal, showing the occurring reaction was so rapid. When the mass of brown coal was increased up to 20g vs 70ml methanol, the conversion decreased to 45%. However, comparison with a previous work on methanolysis of subbituminous coal, brown coal was found to have high reactivity toward supercritical methanol.
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川端 睦麿, 相原 洋一, 今田 邦弘, 坂脇 弘二, 野上 義信, 井口 憲二
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p.
47-50
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It was investigated to obtain the products yield during the liquefaction reaction in order to research the reaction mechanism by using the PSU. As the result, it was found that the coal was decomposed at the stage of the first reactor, and the oil yield was almost the same with that of the stage of the third reactor outlet. And it was clarified that the heavy fraction was hydrogenated to the middle and light fraction mainly in the second and third reactors.
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山口 宏, 奥山 泰男, 松原 健次, 畢 継誠, 小寺 洋一, 加茂 徹, 佐藤 芳樹
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p.
51-54
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Coliquefaction of phenol resin as a coal model compound with model plastics (PP, PS or PE) was carried out under conditions of direct coal liquefaction. Conversion to HS & THFS, product distribution from the model experiment showed similar tendencies as those from coliquefaction using a real coal. It was demonstrated that the model experiment would be very useful method evaluating reaction behavior of each of coal, PS and PE during coliquefaction.
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観野 敏幸, 木村 匡宏, 池永 直樹, 鈴木 俊光
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p.
55-58
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Coliquefaction of Yallourn coal (YL) with polyethylene (PE) was carried out at 400℃ or 425℃ under pressurized H_2 in 1-methylnaphthalene or tetralin. In the coliquefaction without a catalyst, the conversion and the oil yield increased expected from the additivity of respective runs. Fe(CO)_5-S (Fe=1.0mmol) catalyst increased the conversion and the oil yield of YL or PE. However, it did not catalyze coliquefaction of YL with PE. When the amount of the iron catalyst decreased to 0.4mmol, the conversion and the oil yield of coliquefaction increased as compared to the reaction without catalyst or with Fe=1.0mmol, indicating that the catalyst increased the conversion of coal.
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永石 博志, 吉田 忠, 今岡 邦夫, 佐藤 正昭, 服部 英
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p.
59-62
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The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the role of mass transfer in the pyrolysis of bitumen. The yield of cracked products and coke from pyrolysis of bitumen fractions was measured as a function of pressure. The mass of residual liquid and coke at any time was monitored by TGA. The TGA results over a range of pressures was used to distinguish evaporation from reaction and investigate the role of mass transfer in determining the ultimate yield of coke. For convenience, we define coke as the residue remaining in the sample pan after the sample was heated to 600℃. In all cases the incremental change in weight was insignificant at temperatures above 600℃.
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与倉 寛人, 松村 幸彦
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p.
63-66
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Co-liquefaction of coal and biomass in supercritical water using a batch reactor was conducted at 400℃, 25MPa. The result shows larger amount of generation of volatile liquefied products compared with the semi-batch operation. Effective recovery and utilization of these water soluble products are wanted.
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甲斐 貞, 林 重嘉, 桜井 正昭, 今田 邦弘, 井口 憲二
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p.
67-70
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Ultra high resolution SEM on liquefaction residue from 1t/d PSU,provide direct evidence that original SIS catalyst is uiformly distributed in state of sub micron size grain.To increase specific surface area of SIS, ie, to reduce grain size, new prepearation method of raw material ferric monohydrate is studied. It was found that SIS synthesized from monohydrate by direct crystalization gave smaller grain size and higher oil yield.
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坂西 欣也, ムルティ スムボゴ, 持田 勲
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p.
71-74
発行日: 1998/11/19
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Heteroatom compounds in coal liquid distillates were analyzed by GC-AED to identify thier structures and to classify their reactivities in catalytic hydrotreatments with NiMo supported on alumina under the conditions of 360-450℃ and 30-120min at the hydrogen pressure around 15MPa. All the heteroatoms (N,S, or O)-containing compounds were detected and distinguished by GC-AED, and some of them were identified by using standard samples and Gc-MS. The hydrotreatment reduced the contents of all the heteroatoms, the removal conversion being in the order of S>O≧N. The higher temperature and hydrogen pressure enhanced the denitrogenation reactions. It is pointed out that the extent of hydrogenation of the produced oil should be important and well correlated to the heteroatoms (especially N and O) removal.
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小松 信行, 奥山 憲幸, 矢内 俊一, 田村 正明, 田澤 和治, 兼子 隆雄
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p.
75-78
発行日: 1998/11/19
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The inline hydrotreatment process was introduced to improve the quality of recycle solvent and product oil. The activity of the hydrotreatment catalyst (Ni-Mo-P/Al_2O_3) for the coal liquefied crude oil with coexistent gasses such as CO, H_2S, NH_3 and H_2O was investigated by using small scale fixed bed reactors. The deactivation of hydrotreatment catalyst was not observed conspicuous during 1600 hours, and it was concluded that this catalyst could maintain its activity for a long time under practical conditions in coal liquefaction process.
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細川 正博, 村田 聡, 野村 正勝
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p.
79-82
発行日: 1998/11/19
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It is known that brown coal has less degree of coalification and larger oxygen content than bituminous coal. Oxygen atoms are believed to distribute as various kinds of functional groups. Many researchers have tried to reveal the distribution of oxygen functionalities, however, analysis of ether bond is not established yet. In this study, Australian Yallourn (YL) coal, Indonesian South Banko (SB) coal, Indonesian Adaro (AD) coal and American Beulah Zap (BZ) coal were enployed. For these coals, we tried to quantify the oxygen containing functional groups, especially ether bond, by applying new method conbining ether bond cleavage reaction with commonly accepted O-acetylation: according to evaluation of OH group after ether bond cleavage reaction of brown coal, the number of ether bond contained in original coal could be estimated.
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山西 一誠, 米田 昌広, 相田 哲夫
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p.
83-86
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A quantiative analytical method for the basic functionality in coal, a pyridinium functionarity has been developed. This method is composed of two-steps treatment. The first one is the formation of the acid-bace complex with the basic funcutionalities and the strong acid. And the secound step is the determination of the acid in the complex by non-reversable and quantitative chemical reaction with Tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride in pyridine solvent.
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米田 昌広, 山西 一誠, 相田 哲夫
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p.
87-90
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A chemical determination of alcoholic hydroxyl functionality in coal and coal product has been developed by using a reaction with LiAlH4 in conjunction with LiBH4 and n-Bu4NBH4 in pyridine solution.
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春名 哲圭, 富安 恵一, 山西 一誠, 相田 哲夫, 山下 亨
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p.
91-94
発行日: 1998/11/19
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An utilization of coal as an deodorant has been envestigated. In order to introduce the acidic funxctionality into macromolecular network structure the coal was oxidized by Fenton's reagent or Na2CO3/H2O/O2-system. The carboxylic acid and phenolic hydroxyl functionalities in the resulted oxidized coal were determined, and the absorbability of oxidized coals to methylamine has been evaluated.
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野村 誠治, 加藤 健次, 古牧 育男, 藤岡 裕二, 斎藤 公児, 山岡 育郎
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p.
95-98
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The viscoelastic properties of coals in the thermoplastic phase during carbonization were measured with dynamic mechanical oscillation instrumentation. The temperature dependence and frequency dependence of viscoelastic properties of the coals were similar to those of polymers and thermosetting resins and this method proved promising in studying the coal structural changes during the thermoplastic phase from the analogy with polymers.
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村上 賢治, 高橋 良太, 山田 貴彦, 布田 潔, 松永 利昭
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p.
99-102
発行日: 1998/11/19
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In order to prepare a selective cation exchanger from brown coal, we try to control an acidity distribution of carboxyl groups. For this purpose, raw coal was pre-exchanged with metal cation such as Ca^<2+>, Co^<2+>, and Ni^<2+>, and then heated at 300℃ for 5h to decompose free carboxyl groups. While the acidity distribution of raw coal was very wide, the treated coal had bimodal distribution, pKa<5.5 and pKa>8. In this way, we could prepare the sample which did not have carboxyl groups with the middle pKa range. Also, from results of cation exchange experiments using this treated coal, it was found that the species of pre-exchanged cation adsorbed more easily than the other species of cation.
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則永 行庸, 工藤 訓英, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 吉田 忠, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
103-106
発行日: 1998/11/19
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Water contained in brown coals generally consists of three different types, i.e. free, bound and non-freezable waters. In swelling experiments with water, volumetric change of coal was found to be reversible for free water in adsorption and desorption processes, while irreversible for the other types of waters. The freezing properties of water in a coal sample were measured by a ^1H-NMR in a temperature range from 170 to 293K. The amount of water condensed in the coal pores, C_<PW>, was defined as that of water which freezes below 250K. Since C_<PW> of the water-swollen coal changed reversibly for free water in adsorption and desorption processes and irreversibly for the other types, the irreversibility of the volume change could be explained in terms of the irreversible change in the pore structure of coal induced by drying. The freezing point distribution (FPD) of the pore water was obtained by fitting Gaussian functions to the temperature dependent change in the amount of nonfreezable water. A modified Gibbs-Thompson equation was used to determine the pore size distributions estimated by FPD. The reduction of C_<PW> well corresponded to volumetric reduction of pores whose radius was larger than 1nm.
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古川 茂樹, 岡田 昌樹, 鈴木 庸一
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p.
107-108
発行日: 1998/11/19
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The surface structure of the various coals were studied from viewpoint of the adsorption behavior of chromic acid (VI) ion in the aqueous solution. It was found that the diffusion to inside of the coal particles varied in the various coals for the sorption process of the chromic acid ion. Furthermore, it was proposed that hydroxyl groups on the coal particle surface existed in following two different states in a difference of coal, (a) it was individual state and (b) the state which formed complex with the basic compounds.
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菅野 元行, 竹原 充, 小俣 孝史, 恩田 大五郎, 真下 清, 和井内 徹
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p.
109-112
発行日: 1998/11/19
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The effects of hydrothermal pretreatments on the hydrogenolysis reactivities of two kinds of coals were investigated from the CO_2 yields, the contents of acidic groups and pyridine extractabilities of hydrothermally treated coals. Compared to the thermal treatments of coals alone, crosslinking formations between the acidic groups in coals were somewhat inhibited during the hydrothermal treatments, because the coal thermolytic fragments dissolved or dispersed in water due to the hydrogen bonding formations between water and the acidic groups.
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谷江 俊輔, 佐藤 厚, 二宮 善彦
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p.
113-116
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宝田 恭之, 森下 佳代子, 岩田 剛, 木村 理恵
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p.
117-120
発行日: 1998/11/19
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Twenty one coals were heat-treated in nitrogen atmosphere in the range of 900-1700℃. The gasification reactivities of heat-treated chars were determined in thermobalance and the crystallinities of chars prepared at several conversion levels were examined.
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礒田 隆聡, 高木 英行, 重松 靖得, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
121-124
発行日: 1998/11/19
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Coals were pyrolyzed in a drop tube reactor at a maximum temperature of 1700℃ in a flow of N_2. The chars were then gasified at 1700℃ in a flow of CO_2 at atmospheric pressure in a reactor where produced CO and H_2 were purged from the surface of the char particles. Thus first-order rate constants were obtained by the kinetic analysis and were compared with reported data.
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高木 英行, 礒田 隆聡, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
125-128
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The structure of a char formed by CO_2 gasification at 1700℃ for 7.5min was observed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface structure of the char was changed to the lamination structure. Most of the bulk was amorphous.
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礒田 隆聡, 高木 英行, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
129-132
発行日: 1998/11/19
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In order to evaluate the effect of local structures of coal on pyrolysis reactivity, molecular orbital (MO) calculation was carried out for the structure models using the WinMOPAC program. Reaction coordinate analysis shows that C=C and C-O bonds are difficult to cleave and thus contribute to char formation.
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関根 泰, 高橋 正明, 藤元 薫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
133-136
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Coal char gasification reactions with CO_2 or H_2O were conducted under the atmospheric pressure conditions or pressurized conditions. The gasification reactions proceed via surface oxide complexes and we examined about the amount of those in the gasification with CO_2 or H_2O.
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山田 哲夫, 中村 広宣, 橋本 晴美, 鈴木 勉
原稿種別: 本文
p.
137-140
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Chars prepared from six raw coals and their demineralized coals were gasified under pressures of CO_2 at 1173K to different conversion levels. Various physical and chemical properties of the chars were measured to clarify the correlation with the conversion. Large gasification reactivity was shown to be brought by a high content of calcium and low content of carbon in coal. However, the rate constant was not so much increased with increasing the pressure of CO_2. These result indicated that although CaCO_3 is more stable at high pressures of CO_2, it is easy to reacte with sillica and alumina components to form silicate and/or aluminosillicates, whereby it will lose the catalytic activity.
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弘瀬 敬久, 相原 敏弘, 貴傳名 甲, 村田 聡, 野村 正勝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
141-144
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Seven different rank coals were pyrolyzed at 1000℃ in infrared image furnace under He flow. Nitrogen-containing gaseous products such as N_2, HCN and NH_3 were analyzed by GC-TCD and gas detector tube. N-conversion to N_2 in low-rank coals was higher than that in high-rank coals. N-conversions to HCN and NH_3 were 2.6-10.3% and 1.8-5.6%, however NH_3 was not detected in the pyrolysis of demineralized coals prepared by pretreatment with HF and HCl.
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白井 誠之, 西山 誼行, 荒井 正彦, 村上 賢治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
145-148
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Catalysis of ion-exchanged nickel species supported on Loy Yang brown coal was studied. The C1 gas evolution profile during pyrolysis of the nickel-exchanged coal depends on the loading. Two peaks of CO evolution appeared, one at 660-770K (α-CO), depending on the amount of exchanged nickel species and the other at around 920K (β-CO), in contrast to a broader single peak at 870K for nickel-unloaded coal. IR spectra showed that the nickel carboxylate groups have bidentate structure at 0.77wt% loading and bridge structure at 6.4wt% loading, respectively. EXAFS analysis showed that nickel cation species are highly dispersed and that the exchanged nickel carboxylate groups decompose and nickel species aggregate to metal particles during pyrolysis. It was also shown that the temperature for the formation of nickel metal particles increased with increasing nickel loading. The catalysis of nickel species to form α-CO is intimately connected with their structure and aggregation behavior.
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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App3-
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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坂西 欣也, プリアント ウングル, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
149-152
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The liquefaction of three Indonesian coals (South Banko: SBC, Adaro: ADC, Tanitoharum: THC) were performed using carbon-supported FeNi sulfides catalyst with or without tetralin solvent in the single-and two-stage conditions, in order to optimize the combination of catalyst and solvent in the coal liquefaction process. The oil yields in the liquefaction of the three coals were in the order of SBC>ADC>THC regardless of the reaction conditions. Fe-Ni/Ketjen Black (KB) catalyst exhibited the lower activity for the hydrogenation of aromatics and coal liquefaction without solvent, however, it gave the similar oil yields to those with NiMo/KB catalyst by using the equivalent weight of tetralin to coal as a donor solvent.
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吉田 貴紘, 飯野 雅, 鷹觜 利公, 加藤 健次
原稿種別: 本文
p.
153-156
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Temperature-variable dynamic viscoelastic measurement was applied to coals during heating. The temperatures at maxima of elastic (G') and viscous (G") moduli corresponded to the softening and re-solidification temperatures of coals, and those at minima of them were given around maximum fluidity temperatures detected by Gieseler plastmeter, the maxima of which had a good relationship with the maximum fluidity. The temperature-variable dynamic viscoelastic measurement was found to be a precise and convenient means for estimating the fluidity of coals.
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三浦 孝一, 前 一広, 黄 裕錫, 島田 誠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
157-160
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Several coals were extracted in a flowing solvent to examine the solubilization/deporimarization behavior of coal in liquid phase under 10MPa at 200 to 350℃. The flowing solvent was used to minimize the secondary reaction between the extract and macromolecular networks of coal. The extract was further separated into precipitated solid (deposit) and soluble fraction (solution) at room temperature. Bituminous coals colud be extracted by 65 to 80% at 350℃ in either tetralin or 1-methylnaphthalene. The proposed extraction method will contribute to clarify coal structure. It also has possibilities of new coal conversion process.
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高木 英行, 礒田 隆聡, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
161-164
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The structure of coals, which were solubilized by H_2O_2 oxidation in ethanol was further altered by hydrogenation over a Ru catalyst. Pyrolysis and denitrogenation of the coal were investigated. The yield of nitrogen in the char was decreased, and that of N_2 in the gas phase was increased by the hydrogenation. Denitrogenation reactivity of the hydrogenated coals was enhanced by hydrogenation of heterocyclic rings in the coals.
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前 一廣, 真藤 博之, 三浦 孝一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
165-168
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Brown coals are abundant fossil resources, but they have not been utilized to a large extent because of their low calorific values. We have recently presented a method to produce valuable chemicals from brown coals under mild conditions. When North Dakota lignite was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide for 24h at 60℃, 60wt% of the coal decomposed to water-soluble organics, 30% of which were low molecule fatty acids such as acetic acid. In this paper we presented two new methods for upgrading the water-soluble organics. One is the Fenton oxidation of water-soluble organics by which the yield of small molecule components reaches more than 60wt%. The other is the decompositon of water-soluble organics in sub-critical water by which benzene is produced surprisingly in 12wt% yield.
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相田 哲夫, 山西 一誠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
169-172
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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An empirical evaluation of the coal affinity of various chemicals including solids (crystal) at room temperature has been investigated based on the solvent swelling phenonema of coal in the DMF or THF solutions, in which the steric requirement of coal could be relieved by the solvent, thus the net-affinity of the solute to the macromolecular network structure of coal thought to be reflected on the equiliblium swelling value (Q).
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Atul Sharma, Takashi Kyotani, Akira Tomita
原稿種別: 本文
p.
173-176
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The transformation in the crystallinity of Pocahontas no. 3 coal char samples (POC) due to high temperature gasification have been studied using HRTEM image analysis technique. To understand the structural changes quantitatively, we developed a new algorithm which gives graphene layer size, interlayer spacing, the number of layers per stack and their distributions. As the conversion increases, the structure becomes more crystalline. The gasificaton profile of the coal char sample has been discussed in terms of the ratio of relative number of carbon atoms in different stacks.
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林 石英, 鈴木 善三, 幡野 博之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
177-180
発行日: 1998/11/19
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effect of pressure on char combustion rate, NO emission and limestone H_2S capture reactions was examined by using a pressurized fixed bed reactor. The effect of pressure on the char combustion rate was different in different rate control regimes. The NO emission evidently decreased with increasing pressure. With increasing pressure, the limestone H_2S capture was dominated by reactions as follows: (1) H_2S reaction with CaO, (2) CaCO_3 decomposition and (3) H_2S reaction with CaCO_3.
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