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佐藤 光一, 岸本 充司, 小松 信行, 奥井 利明, 嶋崎 勝乗, 蔭山 陽一
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p.
163-166
発行日: 1997/10/30
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The Advanced BCL Process employs an inline hydrotreater to improve the quality of the recycle solvent and product oils. A hydrotreating test of liquefied crude oil was carried out by using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor with a Ni-Mo-P/Al_2O_3 catalyst. The storage stability was improved by hydrotreatment of coal liquefied oil, and the coal liquefaction reaction characteristics were also improved using hydrotreated oil.
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高木 英行, 礒田 隆聡, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
167-170
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Hydroxy groups in Yallourn coal as well as model compounds were deuterated using D_2O, CH_3OD, or DCl as the deuteration agent, and the treated samples were pyrolyzed in an infrared image furnace at 150-500℃ for 0.5h in a nitrogen flow. Residues were analyzed by FT-IR. Two distinct peaks of IR spectra, assigned to -OH at 3250cm^<-1> and -OD at 2500cm^<-1>, were observed for all deuterated samples. Dehydroxy reaction of deuterated coal proceeded with an increase in reaction temperature as; decomposition of (1) hydrogen-bonded -OH groups at 300℃, (2) that of -OD groups at 400℃, and (3) that of free -OH groups above 500℃.
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礒田 隆聡, 高木 英行, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
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p.
171-174
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Yallourn coal was mildly oxidized in H_2O_2 aq. in the presence of n-propanol at 70℃ for 6h under atmospheric pressure. The ethanol extracts were hydrogenated over a Ru/Al_2O_3 catalyst at 120℃ for 12-72h under a H_2 pressure of 10MPa, in order to clarify the relationship between the flash pyrolysis reactivity of the coal and the sp^2/sp^3 bonding ratio in the coal structure. The char yield drastically decreased with increasing H/C atomic ratio, and was 50kg for raw coal, 35kg for oxidized coal, and 25kg for hydrogenated coal per 100kg of raw coal. CO and CO_2 yields from the pyrolysis reaction were also suppressed by the hydrogenation. Computational calculation of the hydrogenated coal also showed that the change from sp^2 bonds to sp^3 bonds reduced the total bonding energy in the coal unit structure. These results suggest that the contribution of sp^2/sp^3 bonding ratio to the pyrolysis reactivity of coal is larger than that of relaxation of hydrogen bonds.
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許 維春, 牧野 三則
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p.
175-178
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Pyrolysis of 10 coals from lignite to bituminous coals and 1 anthracite was carried out in nitrogen stream at atmospheric pressure. The heating rate was 5℃/min. The formation patterns and the formation rates of the O-containing gases (CO, CO_2, and H_2O) were affected by coal type. More than half of oxygen in raw coal could be transferred into H_2O, and the ratios of O transferred to CO, CO_2, and H_2O varied with coal type. There existed a linear relationship between the yields of CO and H_2O and O content of coals.
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山下 琢治, 則永 行庸, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
179-182
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Raw, partially-dried and completely-dried lignites were pyrolyzed in a Curie-point pyrolyzer at temperatures of 631-1193K The H_2O yield for raw lignite was lower than that for completely dried one at all the temperatures. IR analysis of the char suggested that hydroxyl groups were more abundant for char from the raw lignite than for that from completely dried one at 631K while no significant difference was observed for the chars prepared at higher temperatures. Analyses of pyrolysates suggested that water in the lignite suppresses the condensation of OH groups leading to H_2O at temperatures lower than 631K and reacts with the lignite as the oxidant and O- and H-donor at the higher temperatures.
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熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊, 中村 和夫
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p.
183-186
発行日: 1997/10/30
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A computer-aided molecular design method was utilized to evaluate the change in macromolecular structure and association of a model molecule of brown coal along with a progress of moisture release. The calculated molecular conformation showed an extensive shrinkage of the size from the initial expanded to the contracted as well as deformation of the shape with a decrease in the number of water molecules interacting with the model molecule. The conformation change was found to be irreversible and sensitive to the number of water molecules. It was also found that the hydrogen bonding interaction plays a relatively important role in formation and stabilization of the structure of the model molecule as well as interactions between the model molecule and water.
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野村 正勝, 高 鴻, Thomas H. Fletcher, Ronald J. Pugmire
原稿種別: 本文
p.
187-190
発行日: 1997/10/30
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In this paper, the development of CPD (Chemical Percolation Devolatilization) model is reviewed simply, then its application in Curie Point Pyrolysis of NEDO project coals is reported, finally, in terms of comparison of three representative network models (CPD, Flashchain, and FGDVC), the modification on CPD model in progress is introduced.
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三浦 孝一, 藤沢 拓司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
191-194
発行日: 1997/10/30
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The CPD model for coal pyrolysis, which was presented by Grant et al., was modified and improved by introducing several practical approximations: a distribution for monomers constituting macro molecules and a distribution of the activation energy for bond breaking reactions. Using the improved modcel, the tar evolution rate and the distributioon of tar components were well estimated. The model was also valid to exprress the pressure effect on pyrolysisis.
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三浦 孝一, 牧 泰輔
原稿種別: 本文
p.
195-198
発行日: 1997/10/30
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We have recently presented a simple method for estimating f(E) and k_0(E) in the Distributed-Activation-Energy-Model (DAEM) from three sets of experimental data (Method I). Based on this method a constant k_0 approximation for all reactions, which has been widely employed, was proved to be inconsistent mathematically. A more simplified method (New Method) was also presented for estimating f(E) and k_0(E). The accuracy and the validity of both methods were well clarified.
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坪内 直人, 森山 秀樹, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男, 白井 誠之, 西山 誼行
原稿種別: 本文
p.
199-202
発行日: 1997/10/30
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In a series of studies on the development of efficient cleaning processes of coal, the purpose of this study is to elucidate sulfur behavior in rapid pyrolysis with various pretreatments in order to clarify effective desulfurization conditions. Experimental results showed that combined processes of rapid pyrolysis with nitric acid and potassium-hydroxide pretreatments were effective for sulfur reduction from lignite and subbituminous coals, respectively. A series of treatments of tetralin and nitric acid caused a significant sulfur removal for bituminous coal. It can be concluded that the chemical pretreatments were required which depended on the type of coal for efficient coal desulfurization.
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三國 真紀, 佐藤 正昭, 服部 英, 永石 博志, 吉田 忠
原稿種別: 本文
p.
203-206
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Thermal decomposition characteristics of distillates in bitumen are discussed on the basis of conversion and chemical structure changes. A bitumen sample was separated into four distillatites and vacuum by distillation. Each distillate and vacuum residue were heat-treated at 693K under nitrogen of 10MPa. Conversion of the heavy component (450℃+) into the light one (450℃-) was calculated with the chemical structure changes based on thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and ^1H-, ^<13>C-NMR. Aromatic ring size of unit structure in distillates and residue is small and structural differences among them are in the paraffinic structures which consist of alkyl side chains and paraffinic bridges connecting the unit structures. For heavy fraction, cleavage of paraffinic bridge occurs in the initial stage of reaction, resulting in the decrease in average molecular weight. On the other hand, in the later stage of reaction, the release of low molecular weight hydrocarbons from alkyl side chains mainly occurs and, therefore remarkable change of average molecular weight is not observed.
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佐藤 芳樹, 小寺 洋一, 加茂 徹, 亀山 光男, 辰元 克充, Dennis W. Coolidge
原稿種別: 本文
p.
207-210
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Coal derived liquid from mild gasification (LFC) process contains more than 40% of alkylphenols with alkylnaphthalenes and small amout of benzofuran, naphthol and condensed aromatic derivatives. In this study, thermal hydrocracking of the coal derived liquid and related model compounds have been investigated using a small atmospheric flow apparatus at temperatures of 700〜770℃. Rates of demethylation and dehydroxylation for cresols and dimethylphenols have been measured at 700℃ by using toluene as an internal reference and discussed in terms of chemical structure. Thermal hydrocracking of the coal derived liquid produced 20〜40wt% gases and 60〜80wt% liquids. Liquid products, obtained at 770℃, contained 24wt% of BTX, 40wt% of phenol and cresols, and 12wt% of naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes. Yields of useful chemicals, having simple aromatic structure in the liquid product increased with temperature and residence time.
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神戸 正純, 大槻 周次郎, 銭 衛華, 石原 篤, 加部 利明, 向井 幸一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
211-214
発行日: 1997/10/30
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To trace the behavior of naphthalene in the pyrolysis of coal tar, the pyrolysis of coal tar containing ^<14>C and ^3H labelled naphthalene was carried out at 800-950℃ for 40-50 sec. From the distribution of radioactivities, it was found that naphthalene has significant pyrolysis reactivity at 950℃, and the hydrogen of naphthalene transferred to other compounds. This tracer method using ^<14>C and ^3H labelled naphthalene is convenient for tracing the reactivity of coal tar and for elucidating the reaction mechanism of coal tar pyrolysis.
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野中 俊晴, 岸野 正裕, 坂西 欣也, 持田 勲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
215-218
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Coal pretreatments such as acid treatment and preheat-treatments in the temperature range of 350-450℃ by the different heating rates were examined in order to improve the pyrolytic reactivity and the coking properties of a non-fusible coal. The preheattreatment at 450℃ under the rapid heating condition of 100℃/min improved the coking properties with the higher block density, while the heattreatment at 500℃ by the flash heating rate of 3000℃/sec gave the silmilar effect. The preheattreatment around 400℃ under the pressurized condition was effective for the improvement of the fusibility of non-fusible coals. The mechanism and effect of coal pretreatments are briefly discussed based on the above results and chemical analyses of gaseous and residual products.
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丸山 勝久, Mariola ZIELINSKA-BLAJET, 吉澤 徳子, 古田 毅, 山田 能生
原稿種別: 本文
p.
219-222
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Activated carbons were prepared by Co_2 activation of coal and coconut shell chars. The porous structure of the activated samples was characterized by N_2 adsorption to evaluate the surface area and pore size distribution. The bulk structure was analysed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. As a result a relationship between the surface characteristics of the activated samples and their bulk structure was obtained. It was found that amorphous parts in the chars are burned off during the activation process earlier than the layered ones.
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Atul Sharma, Takashi Kyotani, Akira Tomita
原稿種別: 本文
p.
223-226
発行日: 1997/10/30
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The structural transformation of partially gasified char samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction and fringe imaging using HRTEM. The coal char samples, prepared in a fluidized bed reactor at 800℃ for 5min, were gasified with 1% CO_2 in infra-red image furnace. The XRD and TEM results point to several changes in the structure of coal char as gasification proceeds. From the analysis of X-ray pattern of partially gasified samples, it was found that there is little change in the L_c, values corresponding to 002 reflections with gasification. The TEM observations showed that the structure which was amorphous became more crystalline with gasification.
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田村 和久, 山田 哲夫, 橋本 晴美, 鈴木 勉
原稿種別: 本文
p.
227-230
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Chars prepared from six raw coals and the demineralized coals were gasified with carbon dioxide at 1173K. For all of the chars, the gasification rate decreased with increasing the conversion. Some physical and chemical properties of residual chars with diffrent conversions were measured for explaining the situation. The results indicated that both crystallinity of carbon and modification of some mineral matters in chars would have close relations to the rate decrease.
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森下 佳代子, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
231-234
発行日: 1997/10/30
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In order to cralify the gasification mechanisms of coal char, coals of various coal rank were heat-treated at various temperature and the chars were observed by fixed-point observation using TEM.
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海保 守, 山田 理, 安田 肇, 牧野 三則
原稿種別: 本文
p.
235-238
発行日: 1997/10/30
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It seemed important to establish a fundamental testing procedure to appreciate the reactivity and gasifying condition for hydrogasification of coal. So far various type of equipment such as thermal balance, Curie-point pyrolyzer, wire mesh grid and etc, have been applied for this purpose. Since the chemical reaction process is very sensitive to a miring condition of coal and hydrogen, results obtained by these equipment were generally not useful for the development of practical gasifier because of their own structure of sample holder and hydrogen flow rate. So we produced a new apparatus whose mixing condition was analogous to that of practical one and some fundamental experiments were carried out.
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山田 理, 海保 守, 安田 肇, 曽根田 靖, 牧野 三則
原稿種別: 本文
p.
239-242
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Step scan FT-IR/PAS was applied to the structural analyses of hydrogasification chars. Surface of gasificatin char was completely carbonized. No significant peaks were observed using DRIFT and other conventional IR technique. However, considerable amount of organic material was detected inside the char when FT-IR/PAS was applied with variety of modulation frequencies and phase angles. From the depth profiling of absorbance mainly of CH stretching vibration, distribution of organic materials inside char particle could be clearly detected.
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呉 志恒, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
243-246
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Formation of N_2 from seven coals during CO_2 gasification at 1000℃ has been studied with a fixed bed quartz reactor. N_2 is the major N-containing product irrespective of coal type. As coal conversion increases, N_2 yield increases for all the coals, but it depends on coal type when compared at the same level of coal conversion. When N_2 yield is evaluated on the basis of char-N remaining after devolatilization preceding char gasification, however, it appears that the yield is independent of coal type and determined only by the extent of gasification.
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野田 健史, Philippe CHAMBRION, 京谷 隆, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
247-250
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Isotopes of N_2O, O_2 were used to analyze the reaction of C/N_2O. The following conclusions were obtained from the present study. The presence of oxygen-containing complexes on carbon surfaces enhance this reaction, because the desorption of such complexes leaves nascent free sites for N_2O adsorption. Upon this adsorption, most of N_2O molecules release N_2 and some of nitrogen atoms are kept in carbon as stable surface complexes.
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平戸 瑞穂, 和田 信幸
原稿種別: 本文
p.
251-254
発行日: 1997/10/30
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The composition of coal ashes has shown chemical compounds generally, but its consist the mineral compounds in practice. So the melting behavier of the ashes must were shown the eutictoid phenomena of the each mineral composition. The paper was on the eutictoid phenomena of some mineral matters in the coal ashes.
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寺前 剛, 山下 亨
原稿種別: 本文
p.
255-258
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Analysis of inorganic materials in three coals were carried out by CCSEM (Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy) technique. The method of sample preparation such as embedding of pulverized coal and polishing was examined. The conditions of measurement were also investigated. The minerals in the coal were determined from the composition of each ash particle obtained from ZAF correction. The comparison between the CCSEM and XRD analysis was conducted for the characterization of minerals in coal.
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鬼頭 和宏, 神田 茂樹, アリ アルシャワブケ, 山崎 量平, 森 滋勝
原稿種別: 本文
p.
259-262
発行日: 1997/10/30
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To explain the adhesion behavior of melted coal ash on the material surface, melted ash is dropped down on the surface of material and their behavior are observed. It is found that the droplet number from a pot is increased with increasing CaO content in the ash and the shearing of the droplet from the material is observed at higher CaO content. Increasing the tangent angle of the material, the ash droplet stuck on the surface after flowing down a little distance.
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竹萬 啓之, 市川 和芳, 芦沢 正美, 犬丸 淳
原稿種別: 本文
p.
263-266
発行日: 1997/10/30
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In this study, fundamental experiment was conducted for investigating the relation between the porosity and effective thermal conductivity of the slag on the reductor wall of gasifier. The slag consists of 10μm ash particles, and porosity of the slag is more than 50%. Therefore new heat transfer model is proposed for this high porosity ash deposit.
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松本 [シ]郎, 西久保 桂子, 今村 健, 赤星 俊明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
267-270
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Through the work to utilize the unburned soot from furnace, it was found that the soot has high activity to reduce NO_x, and the high activity is mainly due to vanadium oxide which is contained in the soot as contaminant. Therefore, vanadium oxide is loaded on the five kinds of carbon, including coal char, and the catalytic activity was measured. The vanadium oxide accelerate the rate of not only carbon-NO_x reaction but also carbon-O_2 reaction. However, it was expected that vanadium oxide loaded carbon can be used as reducer of NO_x in the waste gases containing oxygen, without using expensive carbon like activated carbon.
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Philippe CHAMBRION, Takashi KYOTANI, Akira TOMITA
原稿種別: 本文
p.
271-274
発行日: 1997/10/30
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The reaction of NO with carbon in the presence of O_2 was investigated and the role of O_2 in this reaction was discussed in relation to the behavior of nitrogen complexes, C(N), on carbon surface. It was found that the main N_2 formation route is the reaction between C(N) and NO as was observed in the absence of O_2. The enhancement effect of O_2 on C/NO reaction can be explained from the activation of C(N) by O_2 attack on carbon surface.
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京谷 隆, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
275-278
発行日: 1997/10/30
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An attempt was made to analyze the reaction of carbon with NO or N_2O by PM3 molecular orbital method. This method allows the simulation of chemisorption process of these molecules on zigzag and armchair sites of carbon surface. The molecular orbital theory predicted that zigzag site is more active than armchair site for either NO or N_2O adsorption. The N_2 formation process in the reactions with NO and N_2O was also analyzed.
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阿部 力也, 原田 達朗, 笹津 浩司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
279-282
発行日: 1997/10/30
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宝田 恭之, 森下 佳代子, 岩田 剛, 木村 理恵
原稿種別: 本文
p.
283-286
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Nineteen coals were heat-treated in nitrogen atmosphere in the range of 900-1700℃. Gasification reactivity, crystallinity, specific surface area, pore structure of char treated at high temperature were determined and the relationship among them was discussed.
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林 石英, 石田 力也, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
287-290
発行日: 1997/10/30
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SO_2 removal in char pressurized fluidized bed combustion by using a Ca ion exchanged coal char (YL-Ca char) addition was investigated with a batch and a continuously feeding condition. SO_2 removal by YL-Ca char addition was found to be about 30% higher than limestone addition at the same Ca/S.
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曽根田 靖, 牧野 三則, 安田 肇, 山田 理, 小林 光雄, 海保 守
原稿種別: 本文
p.
291-294
発行日: 1997/10/30
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The amount of H_2S evolved during pyrolysis was analyzed by GC-MS for four kinds of raw coal samples and these coals were treated with HNO_3 or HF/HCl solution, in which inorganic sulfur was eliminated by acid treatment. In the case of HNO_3 treated samples, the evolution of H_2S at low temperature region, below 500℃, was reduced by the chemical oxidation. At high temperatures, the amount of H_2S evolution from acid treated coal was markedly increased compared to the raw coals, especially Taiheiyo and Wandoan through the elimination of minerals. From X-ray fluorescence analysis and X-ray powder diffraction of coal and char, it was confirmed that calcium in raw coal has an important role for the fixation of sulfur during pyrolysis.
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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App7-
発行日: 1997/10/30
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安田 肇, 海保 守, 山田 理, 曽根田 靖, 牧野 三則
原稿種別: 本文
p.
295-298
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Sorption phenomena of methanol on air oxidized Taiheiyo coal were investigated by repeated uptake and desorption experiments. Change in the heat of sorption on the oxidized coal during the repeated procedure was similar to that on unoxidized coal only heat treated. Heat of sorption was higher for the oxidized coal than the unoxidized coal. It was suggested that certain sites strongly interact with methanol in the unoxidized coal were not physical structures but were chemical structure, mainly oxygen containing functional groups. By comparing isotherms and heat of sorption of the oxidized coal before and after reheat treatment, it was presumed that the sites had stronger interaction with methanol in the oxidized coal than in the unoxidized coal. Oxygen containing functional groups introduced by the oxidation might act as the sites which strongly interact with methanol.
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土井 聡, 熊谷 治夫, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
299-302
発行日: 1997/10/30
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Yallourn and acid-treated Yallourn coals were pyrolyzed at temperatures of 773-923K in a downward-entrained particle flow pyrolyzer and in a Curie point pyrolyzer. Distributions of aliphatic and aromatic carbons in char, tar and gas were measured by a ^<13>C-NMR spectroscopy together with gaseous product distributions. The results clearly showed that 35-55% of aliphatic carbons in coal is converted into aromatic carbon. It was also found that both fracrions of aliphatic and aromatic carbons in tar remain unchanged with temperature up to 923K while that of aliphatic carbon in char decreases mainly due to its aromatization.
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杉本 義一, 三木 康朗, 岡田 清史
原稿種別: 本文
p.
303-306
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Air Laya coals affected by the heat of an intrusive rock and artificial coals produced from tropical peat were characterized by elemental analysis, solid state ^<13>C-NMR, crucible swelling analysis, and microscope. Air Laya coals were also hydrogenated stepwisely, and the middle distilates and heavy oils obtained were analyzed by pyrolysis GC.
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平山 昌吾, 大川 剛直, 薦田 憲久
原稿種別: 本文
p.
307-310
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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This paper presents an interactive coal structure construction system with a mechanism of knowledge revision to support the construction process. The construction knowledge stored in the system is revised according to the user's intention. The knowledge can evaluate a constructed structure by comparing the user's intention with the state of the structure using two parameters, 'sparseness' and 'shape factor'. Application of the system to the structure construction for Japanese bituminous Akabira coal shows the usefulness of the system.
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礒田 隆聡, 高木 英行, 草壁 克己, 諸岡 成治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
311-314
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Yallourn, South Banko, and Thaiheiyo coal were mild by oxidized in H_2O_2 aq. in the presence of n-propanol at 70℃ for 6h under atmospheric pressure. The yield of ethanol soluble fraction (ES) from the oxidized Yallourn was 70kg per 100kg of raw coal. The ES was hydrogenated at 120℃ for 12-72h under a H_2 pressure of 10MPa, and a yellowish white coal was obtained (hereafter, referred to as hydrogenated white coal). The H/C ratio of the HS increased with increasing hydrogenation time and amount of added acetic acid. The nitrogen content in the ES was decreased by the hydrogenation. These results suggest that sp^2 bonds in the coal structure can be converted to sp^3 bonds under mild reaction conditions.
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菊地 毅光, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
315-316
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The Upper Freeport coal and its components fractionated by solvent extraction, and those irradiated with γ-ray were studied by X-band ESR spectroscopy. The original raw coal exhibited a strong peak of an organic radical and weak signals of transition metal ions. The fraction insoluble in carbon disulfide-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mixed solvent inherited the transition metal ions from the raw coal. The other fractions had just an organic radical of signal width of several gausses. Irradiation with γ-ray made reveal changes in ESR spectrum of an unknown transiton metal ion origin and in the radical signal of the acetone soluble fraction. The peak-to-peak width of the signal of the unknown origin was more than 1500 Gauss and its line shape was uncommon and strange compared with those of transition metal ion complexes.
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木嶋 哲史, 小田 廣和
原稿種別: 本文
p.
317-320
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The pore-structure of coals and cokes or char was investigared using 12 kinds of coals. The surface area (CO_2) of parent coals changed markedly with air-oxidation for 1-3h. The effects of oxidation on the surface-chemical characteristics of coals were examined. The monolayer adsorption capacity on the parent and oxidized coals was datermined from their adsorption of water, benzene and methanol. Cokes obtained from oxidized coals indicated high reactivity for low-rank coals.
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L.R. Radovic, S.A. Anderson, A.J. Benesi, P.G. Hatcher
原稿種別: 本文
p.
321-324
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The powerful features of Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy were used to describe some poorly understood aspects of the microporous structure of coal. Of special interest were the existence of connectivity of the micropores, the type of this connectivity and its changes with coal rank. Six coals whose rank ranged from lignite to anthracite were analyzed. Their micropore size scales and distributions were considered. More importantly, time tracking of the xenon adsorption process by NMR, selective presaturation and saturation transfer techniques were used. All the results, and especially the observed xenon exchange timescales, are consistent with an open but highly constricted micropore network. Some insight was also gained into the distribution of constrictions with rank and particle size.
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E.S. (Vayisoglu)Giray, T. Takanohashi, M. Iino
原稿種別: 本文
p.
325-328
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The effect of electron donor addition on the extraction of Argonne Coals with carbon disulfide-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (CS_2-NMP) mixed solvent (1:1 by volume) was investigated. Addition of PDA increased considerably the extraction yield for some of Argonne coals. For Upper Freeport, PDA increased extraction yield form 50.8 to 81.5% for exhaustive extraction with 50mg PDA/g-coal. The extraction yield for other coals studied also increased slightly. While adding 35 and 50mg PDA/g-coal are giving similar result, unexpectedly the addition of 100mg PDA/g-coal decreased the yield.
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中島 常憲, 謝 暁峰, 大内田 裕一, 大木 章, 前田 滋
原稿種別: 本文
p.
329-332
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Three low-rank coals were hydrothermally-treated at 150-350℃ in an autoclave. The hygroscopicity of these treated coals became smaller as the heat-treatment temperature (HTT) was raised. From FT-IR analysis, the content of carbonyl group greatly decreased, while that of aliphatic hydrocarbon slightly increased. The slurriability of CWM which prepared from HWD-treated coal was much improved. The coal concentration of CWM, which has a viscosity of 1.0 Pa・s, for Loy Yang coal was 30wt%/CWM; whereas that for the 300℃-treated coal was 50wt%/CWM.
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近藤 輝男, 松村 明光, 石川 越朗, 斉藤 郁夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
333-336
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The effect of solvent addition in coprocessing of Taiheiyo coal and Tarsand bitumen using oil soluble Mo catalyst was investigated. Addition of aromatic solvents such as methylnaphthalene and FCC-LCO was found to be effective for increase HI conversion of coal.
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中川 朝之, 川端 睦麿, 坂輪 光弘
原稿種別: 本文
p.
337-340
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The influence of an ultrasonic pretreatment of coal-solvent slurry on the oil yield in cola liquefaction reaction. Oil yields greatly changed depending on the coal degree, period and vibration number of irradiation and atmospheric conditions. Five minutes ultrasonic irradiation (20kHz) to the coal (carbon content; 77.1 mass%-daf) under hydrogen condition gave about 6 mass% oil more compared with no treatment. It is suggested that ether bonds in coal structure are broken by cavitation energy (10 to 50kcal/mol) and stabilized by hydrogen atom. This causes less production of water molecules during the coal liquefaction reaction.
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山本 光義, 吉田 忠, 小谷川 毅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
341-344
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The activity of Mn_2O_3-NiO-H_3PO_4 (MNP) catalyst for the liquefaction of Yallourn and Tanito-Harumu coals was tested and compared with that of pyrite catalyst by using a micro-autoclave apparatus. The liquefaction activity of MNP catalyst strongly depended on the rank of coal and highly enhanced conversion was obtained in the liquefaction of Yallourn brown coal in the whole reaction temperatures used, compared to pyrite catalyst. In addition, the atomic H/C ratios of asphaltene and preasphaltene obtained by the liquefaction were considerably higher with MNP catalyst than pyrite, indicating that the hydrogenation was promoted with MNP catalyst.
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田口 浩一郎, 落合 寿, 竹下 雅人, 真下 清, 和井内 徹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
345-348
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Reuse of coal liquefaction residue produced by 1t/d PSU is improtant from a viewpoint of the useful utilization of carbon resources. Therefore, upgrading of coal liquefaction residue using hydrogen-absorbing alloy and zeolite catalysts was investigated from the role of both materials for the activation of reaction solvent (decalin).
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畑 和明, 中川 恭伸, 林 純一, 和田 健司, 光藤 武明
原稿種別: 本文
p.
349-352
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To investigate the mechanistic features of the direct coal liquefaction using various hydrogen source including CO-alcohol, the reactions of various coal model compounds including diarylmethanes have been examined in the presence of Fe(CO)_5. For example, the reaction of 1-benzylnaphthalene using CO-ethanol at 375℃ yielded alkylated compounds in addition to the products of hydrogenolysis.
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花田 直紀, 西山 [ヨシ]行
原稿種別: 本文
p.
353-356
発行日: 1997/10/30
公開日: 2017/03/22
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It is clarified that iron catalyst loaded by cation exchange method is effective for liquefaction of Yallourn brown coal. Iron-nickel catalyst system is shown to have a synergistic effect in coal liquefaction, so that this system can be expected to lessen the amount of catalyst. To prepare coal loaded with Fe and Ni at a suitable amount by cation exchange method, we examined cation exchange from mixed solution and tried to control amount of loading of each cation. Pretreatment with Ca salt solution increases the number of exchangeable site and make it possible to control amounts of each element from dilute mixed solution. Reactivity in liquefaction of coal with 0.8wt% Fe and 0.6wt% Ni catalyst loaded by this method exceeded that of coal with 1.4wt% Fe only by the same method.
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