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安田 肇, 山田 理, 張 愛華, 中野 薫, 海保 守
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p.
175-178
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Hydrogasification of coal and polyethylene (PE) mixture was carried out. Product distribution and temperature profile were analyzed. Yield of methane reached to 90% (carbon basis) after 80 seconds when PE was singly used. Remarkable synergistic effect was found when coal and PE were mixed and used in hydrogasification. Such synergistic effect may partly due to compensation of endothermic process by the heat from hydrogenation of PE when coal and PE were mixed. Temperature drop in the initial stage was prevented by mixing and the carbon conversion to methane from coal was enhanced. It is concluded that waste plastics could be used as a material for hydrogasification process by mixing with coal in a high efficiency.
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p.
App5-
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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伏見 千尋, 堤 敦司, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
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p.
179-182
発行日: 2001/11/13
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In order to improve the thermal efficiency of the coal conversion, we proposed a new concept to use the wasted heat from gas turbine. Therefore it is necessary to increase the reaction rate of coal on steam and examine its reaction mechanism at low temperature (<1200K). In this study, we conducted the fundamental research on the pyrolysis/steam gasification of coal with a thermogravimetric reactor at the heating rate of 100K/s.
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鈴木 洋介, 松岡 浩一, 富田 彰
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p.
183-186
発行日: 2001/11/13
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In order to know how the mineral matters in coal change during the coal conversion reaction, XRD and CCSEM analyses were carried out with Beulah Zap raw coal and 800℃ char. It was confirmed that calcite (CaCO_3) was mainly converted to lime (CaO) during gasification, while pyrite (FeS_2) was converted to pyrrhotite (FeS) and hematite (Fe_2O_3). Kaolinite (Al_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4) did not changed to metakaolinite, but to complicated alumino-silicates.
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山下 亨, 富永 浩章
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p.
187-190
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Deposits formation at the heat recovery section caused by entrained ash and char particles from the gasifier section have a significant impact on the heat transfer performance. Control to minimize the deposition is an important technical subject for both design and stable operation of coal gasifier, however, the mechanism of particles deposition at heat recovery section is not clear. In this study, the influence of particle size, gas temperature and surface stickiness of particle on the particle deposition was investigated using high temperature rotary-cell.
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二宮 善彦, 水野 敏之, 山下 亨, 原田 道昭, 森原 淳
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p.
191-194
発行日: 2001/11/13
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In this study, thermal history of the particles spouted from each stage burner was investigated, and deposit behavior of char and ash particles to the radiant heat recovery section were discussed by CCSEM analysis and FactSage calculation. A bituminous coal was gasified by a bench scale of atmospheric oxygen blown two-stage gasifier. Char and ashes sample were collected chemical analyses of the samples were carried out by XRD, CCSEM and ICP-AES, etc. The melting behavior of ash was good coincided between TMA results and FactSage calculation. Fine particles taken from upper side of heat recovery section and cyclone collector were almost molten. This result was explained by phase diagram.
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神柱 大助, KHAIRIL, 成瀬 一郎, 山下 亨, 富永 浩章
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p.
195-198
発行日: 2001/11/13
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Precise and quantitative behaviors on ash deposition phenomena in high-temperature coal gasification were studied, using a horizontal pulverized coal gasifier with a pre-combustor. The deposition experiment was carried out by inserting a water-cooled tube into the gasifier. The deposition phenomena were quantitatively and visually discussed by analyzing ash particles in the raw coal, the reacting particles and the deposition layer by means of CCSEM. As a result, particle diameter and chemical composition of ash particles rapidly change in the initial stage. The included mineral particles tend to agglomerate inside a coal particle during volatile matter combustion.
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多久和 毅志, 村上 高広, 成瀬 一郎
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p.
199-202
発行日: 2001/11/13
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In coal-fired combined power generation systems like pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC), vapor-phase alkali metal compounds from coal contaminate the reaction gas, which may cause hot corrosion of turbine blades. In this study, evolution behaviors of the alkali metal compounds, especially for sodium compounds, in coal combustion were elucidated, sampling and shifting the fine particulates in the combustion process and analyzing the sodium concentration. Concentration of fine particulates and distribution of sodium concentration in the particulates depended on coal type. The mechanism of sodium enrichment was estimated by the result of sodium concentration in the particulates shifted.
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神原 信志, 寺前 剛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
203-206
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Toxic elements, such as boron, selenium, mercury, etc., are present in coals. Recently, boron and selenium regulation in drain from coal-fired power plant was decided, so it is necessary to elucidate their emission characteristics as soon as possible. More than 100 coals in the world were analyzed content of trace elements. Amount of arsenic, boron and mercury is strongly difference from coal type. Emission characteristics during combustion were also investigated using drop tube furnace. Decomposition rate of boron was lower than that of carbon, however selenium decomposition rate was proportion to carbon conversion. It is seems that boron emission is influenced by coal quality.
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OF. Ishom, 持田 勲, 光來 要三, 原田 達朗, 青柳 哲之
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p.
207-210
発行日: 2001/11/13
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Bed materials in pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) at various combustion conditions were characterized by SEM and TGA to describe their morphology and reactivity. 270MW output conditions were found to keep bed material uniform, whereas 285MW output conditions produced sintered egg (SE), sintered grain (SG), and unburnt char (UC) among the bed materials. Normal fluidization of uniform bed materials was maintained at 270MW output level combustion. Poor fluidization at 285MW caused several types of adhering and agglomerating of bed materials in the boiler. Local heating during poor fluidization was suggested to cause the formation spherical melted particles through the melting which gather to form the flat surface of SE. Fine particles of aluminasilicate adhered to the melted surface to form porous surface.
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岩元 健太郎, 光来 要三, 持田 勲, 青柳 哲之, 原田 達朗
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p.
211-214
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Low temperature ashing of coal was examined to prepare the first born ash materials which may distinguish the minerals present in coal and produced by ashing. The minerals were analyzed by SEM-EDX to distinguish the ashes in the Drayton (DR), Blair Athol (BA) and Nanton (NN) coals. The thermal behaviors of ashes were also investigated with or without CaCO_3. The large ash grains (<10μm) were found to carry much the same compositions and appearances. Major differences in composition were found in fine ash (<1μm): Si>Al for DR, Al>Si for BA and Al>Si>Ti for NN. Heating to 1000℃ appears to cause the adhesion of fine grains to similar extents regardless of the coals. Limestone accelerated the adhere of particles through fusion and deformation, giving spherical fine ashes from DR and BA. Ash from NN appears resistive to change the morphology even in the presence of limestone, suggesting its low reactivity.
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宍戸 貴洋, 青木 秀敏
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p.
215-218
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The change in pore size distribution of coal char in the carbon dioxide/oxygen combustion process was investigated in compared with the nitrogen/oxygen combustion for the purpose of recycling carbon dioxide in exhaust gas. Char in the middle of the combustion in the combustion furnace was collected, and pore size distribution was measured. As a result, in the early stages of combustion, the combustibility fell down with the influence of the carbon monoxide, which occurs due to the gasification. But in the latter stages, the combustibility was raised by the increase of cumulative volume of pore as the concentration of carbon dioxide increased.
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折笠 広典, 松岡 浩一, 京谷 隆, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
219-222
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The reaction of phenol-formaldehyde resin char with NO was carried out at the temperature range from 850℃ to 1100℃. The nitrogen-containing species formed on char surface during the reaction were carefully examined by a high-speed gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. A large amount of N_2 and CO, small amount of N_2O and CO_2 were formed in the NO/Char reaction. In addition to these products, a significant amount of HCN was observed. The details of HCN formation mechanism was examined by step response method. It is founded that HCN was formed by way of C(N) as well as N_2 during NO/Char reaction, and HCN formation rate was affected by active hydrogen on char surface. The amount of C(N) produced by NO/Char reaction decreased at the high temperature range over 950℃ because of HCN and N_2 formation.
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Prapan KUCHONTHARA, Atsushi TSUTSUMI, Sankar BHATTACHARYA
原稿種別: 本文
p.
223-226
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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An integrated power generation cycle with the combination of a thermochemical recuperative brown coal gasification and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been proposed based on the concept of the thermochemical recuperative energy conversion (TREC). The process design and energy integration of the combination of coal gasifier, gas turbine cycle, and SOFC were conducted by using ASPEN Plus process simulation tool. A preliminary evaluation of the proposed integrated power generation cycle was performed. The simulation indicates that the whole cycle efficiency is increased from 39.5%HHV to above 45%HHV by combining with SOFC.
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栗田 一宏, 尾崎 純一, 大谷 朝男, 荒牧 寿弘, 大塚 敬嗣, 糸賀 伸明, 上田 成
原稿種別: 本文
p.
227-230
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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We have shown that Loy Yang could be completely decomposed with supercritical isopropyl alcohol to give phenols such as phenol, cresols and xylenols as well as unidentified heavy components. In the present study, we conducted a preliminary study on preparation of resol-type phenol-formaldehyde resins from the products of the decomposition. As a result, resol resins could be obtained from the decomposed Loy Yang with a common way of synthesizing resol resin. The oxidative resistance and the pyrolysis of the obtained resins were examined with TG and TG-MS, respectively.
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p.
App6-
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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佐々木 正秀, 永石 博志, 坂脇 弘二, 井口 憲二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
231-234
発行日: 2001/11/13
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Athabasca tar sand bitumen was heated at 623K with kerosene as a solvent under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction products were analysed by a simulated distillation TG (SD-TG) to estimate boiling points of products. The products of lower concentration of bitumen showed much higher yield of lower boiling point materials compared with that of higher concentration of bitumen. From the results of ^1H-nmr measurements of liquid products, there was no remarkable difference in chemical structure between lower concentration and higher one. The increment of lower boiling point materials observed in dilute solution is probably due to the extraction of relatively smaller molecules by kerosene at 623K.
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樫村 奈生, 林 潤一郎, 千葉 忠俊
原稿種別: 本文
p.
235-238
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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This study has been undertaken aiming to experimentally define the primary conversion of brown coal in sub-critical water as the mass fraction of material dissolved into sub-critical water under a condition, where the material is quickly swept away from a reactor with forced flow of sub-critical water, and to examine hydrogen transfer from sub-critical water to the coal. At 623K, the conversion increased with the holding time and leveled off at 0.72 while being independent of time when 1-methylnapthalene was employed as a solvent. The conversions with the latter solvent were lower than that with sub-critical water at all holding times. The total yield of hydrogen in the case of sub-critical water was 0.99mol-H/mol-H in coal. The results suggest that sub-critical water degrades the coal by hydrolysis.
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伊藤 真由美, 安藤 隆, 山下 亨, 篠崎 貞行
原稿種別: 本文
p.
239-242
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Direct coal injection to a gas turbine is expected as an advanced high efficiency power generation technology. Gas turbine blades are particularly susceptible to ash particles as they erode the blades by impinging on them as well as forming deposits that can corrode the blades at their high operating temperatures. In particular, the concentration of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals, which have great impact on the erosion and corrosion of turbine blades, must be extremely low level. In order to produce "Hyper Coal", the ion exchange treatments were investigated for removing Na, K, Ca and Mg from solvent extracted coal.
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明石 英子, 吉田 貴紘, 坂西 欣也, 斎藤 郁夫, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
243-246
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Enshu coal was treated in methanol, methanol/water (1:1), or diluted acid solutions at room temperature for improvements of its grindability and extractability with LCO (light cycle oil) at 360℃. The impregnation in methanol or methanol/water (1:1) for 48h enhanced the coal grindability and increased the extraction yield compared to the non-treated coal. The solvent impregnation treatment under ultrasonic wave irradiation for 1h was more effective than the simple impregnation for long times. Such solvent treatments also removed some amounts of alkali and alkali-earth metals from the coal, indicating its another advantage for the production of ash-free coal (hyper-coal).
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吉田 貴紘, 李 春啓, 鷹觜 利公, 坂西 欣也, 斎藤 郁夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
247-250
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effects of polar additives on the thermal extraction yields with organic solvents were investigated. Dimethylnaphthalene (DMN-T) containing 1.6% nitrogen gave about 70% extraction yields for UF and IL coals. This can be the result of solvent relaxation by the nitrogen-containing compounds, in addition to thermal relaxation of coal molecules by heating. However, the quantities of remaining solvent and ash in the HyperCoal were remarkable, compared to the case of Light Cycle Oil (LCO), which is a non-polar solvent. When some polar compounds were added by 1% to the LCO, the increase in extraction yield was small, while, in the case of 10% addition, it increased by 7% and the remaining solvent and ash were quite smaller than those obtained from the DMN-T extraction.
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奥山 憲幸, 出口 哲也, 重久 卓夫, 嶋崎 勝乗, 篠崎 貞行
原稿種別: 本文
p.
251-254
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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We have been developing the HyperCoal process that is applied the solvent de-ashing method. HyperCoal is an ash free coal which can be directly fired in gas turbine system to increase the energy efficiency of coal utilization. Recycle use of solvent is the most important to build an economical process. From such a viewpoint, two rings aromatic solvent is able to be applied for the recycle solvent, because it has high affinity and solubility to coal structure, and has stability in high temperarure^<1)>. Coal extraction into such solvent system, extraction temperature should be increased to 350-380℃ to get a considerable extraction ratio. It is considered that the extraction ratio is depended on characteristics of stabilization performance of radical clusters which are generated in the thermal extraction of coal. In the relation to that, coal fusion temperature may be applied as the factor for coal selection. It can be said that HyperCoal is a highly upgraded coal as ash free and high volatile fuel.
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坂西 欣也, 明石 英子, 吉田 貴紘, 斎藤 郁夫, 宝田 恭之
原稿種別: 本文
p.
255-258
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Mineral species bonded to organic parts in coals of South Banko (SB), Enshu (EN), and Nantun (NT) were characterized by solid-state ^<29>Si- and ^<27>Al-NMR and ICP-ES measurements, in order to clarify their elution behaviors during solvent extraction and acid treatment. Some portions of silicates and aluminates bonded to organic parts in the coals were identified by the solid-state ^<29>Si-NMR analyses, although their contents were dependent on the coal rank It was also revealed that some of aluminosilicates were extracted by acid treatment room temperature and solvent extraction at high temperatures around 350℃. The former treatment mainly removed ion-exchangeable cations such as alkali and alkali-earth metals, while the latter extraction principally eluted aluminosilicates and Ca species which were relatively stable during the high temperature solvent extraction conditions. Ca-containing aluminosilicates are suggested to be one of the major organically associated species in the coals.
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村上 賢治, 近藤 隆平, 今野 晃伸, 布田 潔, 松永 利昭
原稿種別: 本文
p.
259-262
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous water containing 100ppm of Pb^<2+> or Cd^<2+> was investigated using Loy Yang brown coal pre-treated by the following three-stage process: (i) loading of divalent cations by ion-exchange method, (ii) heat-treatment at 300℃ for 5h, and (iii) acid-washing. The exchanged amount of Pb^<2+> and Cd^<2+> from 100ppm solution of pH 6 was about 96-97% using non-treated sample. In the case of the samples treated with Ca^<2+> or Zn^<2+>, the exchanged amount of Pb^<2+> was kept almost the same as the non-treated sample, while the exchanged amount of Cd^<2+> was reduced to only 30%.
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中島 常憲, 河野 雄二, 小玉 芳信, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
263-266
発行日: 2001/11/13
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Mineral matters in coal cause some troubles such as slagging, fouling, and sintering during gasification and combustion. The elution behavior of metal ions in aqueous phase of coal-water mixture (CWM) was determined by use of ICP-AES. In the case of model CWM, alkaline earth metal such as Ca, Mg, and some trace metals such as Mn, Zn, was eluted in the aqueous phase. The amount of elution metal ions was increased when we measured in the CWM prepared by oxidized coals.
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東 顕正, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
267-270
発行日: 2001/11/13
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Different rank coals were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of its congelation characteristics, the water sorbed in coal was classified into three types: free water, bound water and nonfreezable water. The amount of bound water was different depending on the kinds of coals. In this study, a clear relationship between the amount of bound water and maximum coal concentration for CWM was found.
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大木 章, 前田 昌彦, 山下 浩幸, 徐 炎華, 中島 常憲
原稿種別: 本文
p.
271-274
発行日: 2001/11/13
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The concentrations of minor and trace metals in coal were determined by use of microwave-digestion and ICP-AES measurement. The values obtained by this method were checked with the certified values for several standard reference materials. The metal concentrations of SS coals (SS001-024) were measured and the obtained values were in good agreement with those from the JIS-method for Al, Ca, Fe, and Mg.
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山下 浩幸, 隈部 康誉, 前田 昌彦, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
275-278
発行日: 2001/11/13
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The leaching behavior of heavy metals from coal into aqueous phases containing various substances, such as acids, chelating agents, and surfactants. When a powdery coal was shaken with an acidic solution containing 0.1M HNO_3, 85% of Mn was leached out, while Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were considerably leached. The use of 5mM EDTA solution resulted in a considerable leaching of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn.
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村谷 剛, 本郷 孝, 大中 昭, 鶴谷 巌
原稿種別: 本文
p.
279-282
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Spontaneous combustion of a huge coal stockpile brings large loss, and it also influences harmfully to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to collect and analyze the data of the stockpile to minimize the damage. We have provided a large-scale coal station and have traded more than 50 brands of coal by 85,000,000 tons in 20 years. In such a background, we have piled up data and know-how concerning the spontaneous combustion. We tried ranking the propensity of the spontaneous combustion of each brand by using a large amount of data of the coal stockpile temperature. Two simple methods of evaluating the propensity of the spontaneous combustion were established in the laboratory. Since by this technique the information about the coal temperature is easily available beforehand, more efficient action can be given to suppress heating.
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p.
App7-
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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関根 泰, 草場 健太郎, 竹内 大輔, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
283-286
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The elution behavior of inorganic matters from SS013, SS015, SS020, SS027, SS029 and SS045 was investigated. In particular, the amount of elution and time course were estimated by using ion chromatography. The time course of elution indicates that soluble minerals on the surface of coal was rapidly eluted within 5 minutes. The elution rate from SS027 was higher than those from SS020 or SS029. The amount of soluble minerals determines elution rate. We concluded that there was little relation between the amount of elution and ash content.
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岩下 章, 前田 昌彦, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
287-290
発行日: 2001/11/13
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The advanced removal of mercury was performed by use of chelating agent-extraction or mild pyroloysis. When sulfur-containing chelating agents, such as dimercaptosuccinic acid and mercaptopropionic acid, were used in the extraction for SS004.44-57% of mercury was extracted to the aqueous solution. The mild pyrolysis of coal at 300-400℃ resulted in the removal of 70-80% of Hg for SS004 coal, whereas the removal efficiency was greatly dependent on the coal brand.
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中村 有樹, 隈部 康誉, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
291-294
発行日: 2001/11/13
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The analysis of As and other heavy metals in coal fly ash was performed by use of XPS. For As and Pb, the concentration at the surface, which was obtained from XPS, was much higher than those for bulk. The leaching behavior of metals from fly ash was also examined by use of XPS for the surface and ICP-AES for the bulk.
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Jie Wang, Atul Sharma, Akira Tomita
原稿種別: 本文
p.
295-298
発行日: 2001/11/13
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We have used a modified selective leaching procedure to reveal the mode of occurrence of trace elements in coal. The data are reported here with SARM coal. The leaching results of Cr and Cd were most striking. Cr was only slightly removed from raw coal with both HCl and HNO_3 but it was significantly leached out from the low-temperature ash. This strongly suggests the association of Cr with the organic matrix. The leaching behaviors of Cd in different acids as well as from ashes are extremely similar to Fe, suggesting that Cd is likely to be associated with pyrite. Experiment was also conducted to leach a fly ash sample.
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寺前 剛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
299-302
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Laser diffraction and scattering method is the popular method in particle size analysis. However this method is good for operation, the refractive (or relative-refractive) index is necessary to analyze the size distribution. In this study, the optimum relative-refractive index in measuring coal ash was determined. If particles less than 1μm are included in coal ash, there is a possibility that the size distribution of the particles can't be evaluated accurately.
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関根 泰, 佐藤 大介, 山口 大輔, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
303-306
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic sites on coal is one of the essential factors in a column flotation process. In this study, methylene blue adsorption on coal was conducted to estimate the area of hydrophilic surface. The experimental results successfully suggested that methylene blue was adsorbed on the hydrophilic surface sites on minerals and oxygen-containing functional groups.
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関根 泰, 佐藤 大介, 山口 大輔, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
307-310
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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It is important to estimate the distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic sites on coal in a coal-cleaning process. The relationship between the distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic sites on coal and the carbonaceous materials recovery in a continuous column flotation was investigated. The amount of adsorbed methylene blue was determined to estimate the fraction of hydrophilic surface on coal surface. As a result, it turned out that the hydrophilic nature estimated by using methylene blue adsorption was closely related to the carbonaceous materials recovery.
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孔 大鵬, 坪内 直人, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
311-314
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Catalytic decomposition of 2000ppm NH_3 at 750℃ under the atmospheric conditions has been carried out with Fe- or Ca-catalysts loaded on chars and brown coal chars with small amounts of inherent Fe and Ca. H_2 pretreatment at a higher temperature of 700℃ greatly improves the performances of a Fe catalyst and a brown coal char due probably to the increased active sites. The coexistence of CO, CO_2 and H_2 enhances the activities at the later stage of reaction, but deactivates Ca catalyst almost completely. The activities of the three types of catalysts lowered when 2000ppm H_2S was mixed with NH_3. The degree of sulfur poisoning is not severe with the former two catalysts, which provides the constant decomposition efficiency.
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清水 忠明, 佐藤 将人, 佐藤 一奈, 頓所 勝, 稲垣 眞
原稿種別: 本文
p.
315-318
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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To suppress the increase in NO_x with limestone feed into bubbling fluidized bed combustor, use of fine limestone particles was proposed. Fine limestone particles are expected to be entrained to the freeboard and react with SO_2 there, thus the contact between limestone and volatile matter from fuel in the dense bed can be avoided. Bench-scale BFBC experiments were carried out. Fine limestone particles were found to be effective for suppression of NO_x emission.
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二宮 善彦, 山口 寛史, 張 立安, 佐藤 厚
原稿種別: 本文
p.
319-322
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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This study mainly focuses on SO_X removal ability of limestone in pulverized coal combustion. Effects of reaction between internal minerals in the coal with limestone on SO_2 capture discussed. in order to analysis a SO_X removal reaction between coal and limestone. We developed an image processing software for particle analysis.
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Haojie Fan, Koichi Matsuoka, Jie Wang, Akira Tomita
原稿種別: 本文
p.
323-326
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In order to improve SO_2 removal efficiency, ultrasonic irradiation was used for the hydration treatment of the mixture of coal and CaO. The experiment on sulfur retention was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The results show that calcium loaded with ultrasonic irradiation can capture sulfur more effectively. The desulfurization efficiency was raised from 37% with non-ultrasonic treatment to 73% with ultrasonic treatment, at a Ca/S ratio of 1.5. The effect of ultrasonic wave is also affected by ultrasonic power and irradiation time. XPS analysis reveals that, by ultrasonic treatment, a portion of sulfur (organic sulfur or pyrite) was oxidized to sulfate, which is one reason for the increase in SO_2 removal.
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呉 聖姫, 住江 直美, 笹岡 英司
原稿種別: 本文
p.
327-330
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Lime is a kind of very important material used as a high-temperature DeH_2S sorbent. However, CaS, product of the process, has to be converted to CaSO_4 before disposal, because H_2S is released from the reaction between CaS and H_2O. In order to elucidate the character of oxidative decomposition of CaS formed from the lime at high-temperature DeH_2S, the effects of the presence of H_2O on the oxidative decomposition were studied using CaS obtained as a reagent. Furthermore, the effects of the pore size distribution of the lime on the oxidative decomposition of the formed CaS were investigated using some macroporous limes prepared by swelling methods that had been developed by our group. The oxidative decomposition of the pure CaS was considerably accelerated by the presence of H_2O under 900℃. This result was explained by the following consecutive two reactions: CaS+3H_2O→CaO+3H_2+SO_2; 2H_2+O_2→2H_2O. The pore size distribution of lime largely affected to the oxidative decomposition degree of the CaS formed from the lime. The macroporous lime prepared by swelling method with acetic acid vapor was highly reactive for DeH_2S, and the formed CaS formed from the macro porous lime was easily converted to CaSO_4 and CaO, although a small amount of CaS still remained after the decomposition.
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中川 浩行, 鈴木 崇弘, 三浦 孝一, 鮎川 大祐, 太田 智久, 西野 博
原稿種別: 本文
p.
331-334
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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A lignite or a municipal waste char was activated with H_2O using a small rotary kiln type reactor to produce activated carbons for dioxin removal. Dioxin adsorptivity of each activated carbon was estimated by the amount of anthracene adsorbed on it at 168℃, q_<ANT>. The q_<ANT> value of an activated carbon produced from the municipal waste char was a half of q_<ANT> value of a commercial activated carbon used for practical dioxin removal. The q_<ANT> value of an activated carbon prepared from the lignite was comparable to that of the commercial activated carbon. The pore distributions of activated carbons before and after anthracene adsorption showed clearly that larger pores in activated carbon are suitable for dioxin adsorption.
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大垣内 庸介, 松島 寛招, 池永 直樹, 鈴木 俊光
原稿種別: 本文
p.
335-338
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Highly active adsorbent for hot gas desulfurization was developed by preparing zinc ferrite and calcium ferrite in the presence of Yallown coal. Coal-supported ferrites exhibited larger desulfurization capacity than unsupported ferrites. Coal-supported ferrites could efficiently remove 4000ppm of H_2S to less than a few ppm. Coal-supported zinc ferrite could be regenerated by air oxidation at 450℃, the regenerated ferrite showed the same H_2S absorption capability as that of fresh one.
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吉本 陽子, 内山 慶紀, 尾崎 純一, 大谷 朝男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
339-342
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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It has been revealed that the carbonization of iron-loaded Loy Yang coals possessed nano-scaled onion-like carbon structure surrounding iron-nanoparticles. In the present study, we employed the iron-loaded Loy Yang char to examine its H_2S decomposition activity. The iron-loaded char exerted almost complete decomposition of 150ppm H_2S above 350℃. The chemical status of the iron was shown to be changed from Fe_3C to Fe_<1-X>S and Fe during the reaction by XRD measurement.
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原稿種別: 付録等
p.
App8-
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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則永 行庸, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
343-346
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The pulsed field gradient ^1H NMR technique was employed to determine self diffusion coefficient (D) of coal extracts solution in NMP and CS_2-NMP mixed solvent (1:1 by volume). The effect of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) addition on D was also examined to get insight into mechanism for the enhancement of coal extractability in CS_2-NMP mixed solvent. It was found that TCNE is unlikely to act in dissociating associative interactions between coal molecules, producing molecular dispersions, but to act in dissociating interactions between coal colloidal particles whose dimensions are 3.5〜5nm in radius.
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李 春啓, 鷹觜 利公, 飯野 雅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
347-350
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effects of the addition of inorganic salts such as lithium halides on dissolution of coals by heat treatments in N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone at temperatures lower than 300℃ were investigated. Heat treatment temperature, charge densities of anions, amount of salts added and rank of coal were found to affect greatly the dissolution yield.
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杉本 義一, 戸田 泰弘, 小澤 浩, 呉 志恒
原稿種別: 本文
p.
351-354
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Gas oil fractions of middle east crude oil, tar san bitumen, shale oil and coal-derived liquid were hydrotreated over Ni-Mo/Al_2O_3 at 330℃ and 350℃, and their HDS, HDN and HY reactivities were compared each other. The feedstocks and product oils were separated into compound groups by HPLC and characterized by using GC with various detectors (FID, MSD, SCD, NPD).
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米井 孝浩, 橋本 公太郎, 新井 充, 田村 昌三, 田中 英治, 宮田 幸和
原稿種別: 本文
p.
355-358
発行日: 2001/11/13
公開日: 2017/03/22
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The objective of this study is to improve the ignition quality of coal derived liquids in order to utilize coal derived liquids as a diesel fuel. First, cetane numbers of typical ingredients involved in coal derived liquids were measured by a CFR engine and the relationship between cetane numbers and the chemical structure was investigated. As a result, straight chain hydrocarbons have high ignition quality. Also, the more the number of carbon, the higher ignition quality straight chain hydrocarbons have. On the other hand, hydrocarbons having cyclic structures have lower ignition quality than straight chain hydrocarbons. Next, cetane number improving agents were added into model fuels of coal derived liquids and of light oil which has a same ignition quality in order to investigate the effects of cetane number improving agents on cetane number improvement. As a result, the cetane number of a model fuel of coal derived liquids with a cetane improving agent was higher than that of light oil with a cetane improving agent. Furthermore the cetane number of a model fuel of coal derived liquids with 2.0vol.% cetane improving agents was nearly same as a commercial light oil, suggesting that the coal derived liquids with 2.0vol.% cetane improving agents could be used for diesel fuels.
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