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柏木 理, 岩渕 雄介, 柘植 俊輝, 菅野 元行, 平野 勝巳, 真下 清
原稿種別: 本文
p.
100-101
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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On the coprocessing of coal with natural rubber or butadiene rubber, the yield of residue was higher than the yield calculated from those individual liquefaction, because the polymerization between rubber and coal occurred. On the coprocessing of higher rank coal (Huaipei coal) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), the yield of residue was lower than the calculated yield, because the polyaromatic compounds derived from SBR acted as a hydrogen shuttling solvent.
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中居 真一, 中川 浩行, 三浦 孝一, 梶谷 史朗
原稿種別: 本文
p.
102-103
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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We have previously clarified that a large amount of coke, which deposited from volatiles, was formed during the pyrolysis of coal at high temperature and high pressure using a miniature tubing-bomb reactor (mini-TBR) developed by the authors. In this study, the effect of pyrolysis temperature and time on the product yields was examined using the mini-TBR. The composition of the product obtained at 1200℃ at 1min of residence time coincided well with the composition estimated by equilibrium calculation, indicating that the equilibrium state is attained rather rapidly under the experimental conditions. Next, the gasification reactivity of the carbonized material prepared using a pressurized drop tube furnace (PDTF) was examined using a thermobalance by temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) technique. Some of the carbonized materials were gasified in two steps, indicating that they consisted of char and coke. The amount of the coke could be estimated through the kinetic analysis of the TPR experiments.
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馬 暁迅, 永石 博志
原稿種別: 本文
p.
104-105
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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At the most fundamental level gasification reactivity of carbon in char depends greatly on fraction of active sites in carbon. A CO_2 chemisorption's temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) method was used to estimate the number of active sites of the chars at several levels of carbon conversion. The experimental results gave the reasonable relationship between CO_2 gasification reactivity of the char and the number of active sites in char.
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関根 泰, 石川 清宏, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
106-107
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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In order to clarify the structural change of carbon and ash, steam gasification of coal char was examined. Relation between D/V ratio that is one of the Raman parameters, and the conversion was acquired. The graphitization of coal char was independent from the ash contents, and was only relative to gasification ratio. On the other hand, the condensed ash of reacted char was observed by SEM/EDX.
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関根 泰, 石川 清宏, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
108-109
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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We investigated steam gasification of coal char and examined the structural change of carbon and ash. From LRS (Laser Raman Spectra)-mapping, BET surface area, XRD, SEM/EDX elemental mapping, we found that the gasification of coal char was strongly affected by the ash behavior and coal structural change. So we clarify the mechanism of the gasification of coal char from these viewpoints.
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呉 志恒, 杉本 義一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
110-111
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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In order to investigate the relationship between char structure and coal maceral groups, SB and BT coals were used in this study. The two coals with size fraction of 90-105μm were first separated into several factions using sink-float method, and then the separated fractions were pyrolyzed at 1000℃ under different heating rates, and the resultant chars were observed using SEM. The morphology of char changes significantly among different density fractions and heating rates. Fractions with density larger than 1.4g/cm^3, containing mostly inertinite, show little melting or swelling property. On the other hand, the fractions with density smaller than 1.4g/cm^3, containing mostly vitrinite, are well melted or swelled after heated at higher heating rate. It is clear that maceral group and heating rate are controlling factors for the formation of char structure.
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山田 哲夫, 橋本 晴美, 鈴木 勉
原稿種別: 本文
p.
112-113
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Sixty chars prepared from standard coals and their demineralized coals were gasified in CO_2 up to 1773K in a thermobalance to examine the influence of coal rank and mineral matter and the temperature dependence of reaction rate. In addition, gasification residua obtained at different conversions of the usual reaction system operated at 1173-1773K were characterized in terms of carbon structure and the chemical form of mineral matter (by XRD), surface morphology and the distribution of metals (by SEM EDX), and porous structure (by the BET surface area and pore size distribution measurements).
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神原 信志, 守富 寛, 藤原 尚樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
114-115
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Gasification rate of 6 coal chars under high pressure condition was investigated by laser heater system. Effects of pressure, CO_2 concentration and temperature of char particle were considered. Impacts of coal quality on CO_2 gasification rate were studied in view of carbon structure of chars. It is found that carbon structure parameter, G/F, have good correlation with their gasification rate.
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海保 守, 中野 薫, 安田 肇, 山田 理
原稿種別: 本文
p.
116-117
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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The composition of product gas measured every minute in the HYCOL pilot plant was analyzed to elucidate the change of the gasification reaction process with elapsed of time. A part of the change in the gas composition was attributed to the repetitions of more than six kinds of particular reactive processes.
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長沼 宏, 成瀬 祐一, 成瀬 一郎, 加藤 雄士, 宮内 良樹, 伊藤 正, 三木 良治
原稿種別: 本文
p.
118-119
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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In pulverized coal combustors, melting ashes generated during combustion usually adhere to surface of heat exchanger tubes, so that the ash deposition forms a insulation layer surrounding the tubes. In order to prevent this problem, surface treatment technology of the tube to control the ash adhesion was applied in this study. Test pieces with various surface properties were inserted into actual coal combustion atmosphere to evaluate the adhesion characteristics. After the adhesion tests, the amount of ash deposition, physical and chemical analyses of ash deposition layer and so forth were performed. Consequently, the ash adhesion could be controlled by the surface treatment technology.
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加藤 雄士, 宮内 良樹, 成瀬 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
120-121
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Recently, high temperature coal utilization technologies have been focused. However, those technologies have some problems such as slagging and fouling due to molten coal ash. Therefore, it is necessary to study characterization of ash deposition and its mechanisms. This work studies fundamental characteristics on ash deposition, using a thermal spraying burner. Several kinds of inorganic particle are tested as a simulated coal ash. In the experiments, the deposition mass was weighed, and cross-section of the deposition layers was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope.
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Miftahul Huda, Yozo Korai, Isao Mochida
原稿種別: 本文
p.
122-123
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Sodium in coal is one of the major species that cause fouling in combustion chamber. Low melting point sodium silicate or sodium sulfate evaporate then condense forming sticky layer of fouling deposit. It might be hindered by introducing of coal ash for sodium binding additive to the combustion chamber. However the possible interaction of sodium with other component in coal ash has to be studied. Blairathol coal ash was heat treated under reduction and oxidation condition in the presence of iron oxide, calcium oxide and sodium carbonate as additives. Iron oxide promotes the formation of cristobalite (SiO2) on the contrary sodium oxide hinders the formation of cristobalite and in some degree hinders the formation of high melting point mullite. The phase appear resulted from reaction among ash components with calcium oxide depend on the reaction temperature and quantity of the additive. Low quantity calcium oxide yielded phase namely anorthite and the high quantity yielded phase namely gehlenite. Sodium oxide reacted with alumina silicate in coal ash at temperature as low as 800℃ yielded phase namely nepheline. No phase was identified as a result of reaction between sodium and mineral other than alumina silicate suggesting coal ash could be used as sodium binding additive effectively.
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坪内 直人, 王 延輝, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
124-125
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Pyrolysis of seven coals with different ranks has been carried out in a temperature-programmed mode at 10℃/min with a fixed bed quartz reactor. HCl is the predominant product among Cl-containing species observed at 800℃, followed by char-Cl and tar-Cl. The peak temperatures of HCl formation are classified roughly into 280-360, 470-510 and 580℃. It appears likely that HCl reacts with a brown coal char at 500℃ to form Cl-containing compounds, which are converted to HCl upon reheating. The HCl peak at 580℃ appears for all of the coals examined, and the yield decreases with increasing calcium content in coal.
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市村 直也, 宝田 恭之, 森下 佳代子
原稿種別: 本文
p.
126-127
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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The interaction between coal char and mixtures of pyrite, quartz, almina and kaolinite heating up to 1600℃ under Ar flow were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis combined with off-gas analysis. The chemical compounds of products obtained were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. Pyrite reacted with other minerals in the presence of carbonaceous materials. Pyrite influenced the reaction of char and alumina above 1500℃. with the evolution of CO and the weight loss. Pyrite also influenced the reactions of char-quartz and char-kaolinite. As the result. those reaction temperatures decreased by 100-200℃.
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清水 忠明, 浅妻 隼, 松永 紗矢子, 山際 和明, 藤原 尚樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
128-129
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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The effect of bed material on emissions of N_2O and NO_x was evaluated using a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Two kinds of porous alumina were employed as alternative bed material instead of inert quartz sand. Both porous alumina particles suppressed N_2O emission. This result is explained by their catalytic activity to decompose N_2O. One of the porous alumina particles suppressed NO_x emission but the other increased NO_x emission. To clarify the mechanism of the increase or decrease in NO_x by the alternative bed materials, experiments on formation and reduction of NO_x were conducted by use of a fixed bed reactor; oxidation of volatile nitrogen compound (NH_3) and reduction of NO_x by the volatile matter catalyzed by the bed materials were investigated. The role of the present alternative bed materials to formation and reduction of NO_x is discussed.
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辻 雅子, 神原 信志, 守富 寛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
130-131
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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The characteristics of particulate matter in fly ash generated by pulverized coal combustion was investigated. Particle size distribution of mineral in raw coal have good relationship with size distribution of its fly ash. The forms of PM2.5 in fly ash were observed by SEM. Their state was classified three forms, with carbon type, with large particle type, and single particle type.
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吉田 文, 神原 信志, 守富 寛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
132-133
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Boron, selenium and mercury in fly ash from a coal fired power plant were measured to estimate their behavior in the plant. The amount of B and Hg in fly ash was lower than that of Se. To determine the control factor of their behavior, unburned carbon and base components in fly ash were investigated.
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和田 一喜, 佐藤 厚, 二宮 善彦, 山下 亨
原稿種別: 本文
p.
134-135
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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The technique that distinguished included and excluded minerals in coal and char was examined using the image processing software. An image photographed in the CCSEM measurements was utilized in order to link the elemental analysis of the minerals. The quantitative error between the calculated results and the observation was within 10%. In this paper, the effects of the intensity of color and the morphology of coal and minerals on the discrimination are discussed.
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関根 泰, 坂尻 邦尚, 尾崎 未央, 菊地 英一, 松方 正彦
原稿種別: 本文
p.
136-137
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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The release behavior of trace elements from coal combustion at high temperature was investigated in this study. Wallarah coal and coal char inserted into the reactor were preheated to 1023-1573K and burned for 0-10min. The quantities of trace elements in the residue after the combustion were determined by ICP-AES. It was found that Zn and Pb were released from coal with the release of volatile matter in coal. In coal combustion, since a part of Zn and Pb are easy to volatilize, formed oxide, turned out that release of Zn and Pb was suppressed. As temperature rose, release amount of Zn and Pb increased.
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棚町 松明, 岩下 章, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章
原稿種別: 本文
p.
138-139
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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When coal is subjected to a pyrolysis (200-600℃) under N_2 flow, the release behavior of Hg and As was examined. For Hg, when the pyrolysis was performed at 300-400℃, the % release of Hg was greatly varied (20-90%) with the type of coal. Above 500℃, almost all coals gave high degree of % Hg release. For As, the % release gradually increased as the pyrolysis temperature was elevated, and reached ca. 40% at 600℃, which is common for all coals.
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岩下 章, 坂口 由花, 中島 常憲, 高梨 啓和, 大木 章, 神原 信志
原稿種別: 本文
p.
140-141
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Leaching behavior of B, Se, and other elements from twenty-one of coal fly ash (CFA) was examined. The correlation between the leaching amount and the concentration of element in CFA was investigated. The leaching amounts of B, Ca, Se were essentially dependent upon their concentrations in CFA. The effect of pH in the leachate was assessed, and the leaching of Se tended to increase as the pH in the leachate was elevated. For B, the effect of pH upon the leaching was complex, and when the concentration of Ca was higher in the leachate, the formation of CaB(OH)_4^+ was suggested, resulting in the prevention of leaching.
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鶴岡 智之, 義家 亮, 守富 寛
原稿種別: 本文
p.
142-143
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Volatile heavy metals contained in the flue gas from coal combustion or waste incineration process tend to be enriched on sub-micron particulates, those are difficult to collect with conventional dust removal equipment. Then it is necessary to estimate not only the mass balance of heavy metal in the process but also enrichment factor of heavy metals varying by particulate sizes. In this study, the combination method of ELPI and LIBS is tested, in which ELPI provides real-time monitoring of dust particle size distribution LIBS provides elemental composition analysis of particle in short time without any pretreatment.
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チャレオンパニチ メッタ, タネラト ロッサナ, 松岡 浩一, 富田 彰
原稿種別: 本文
p.
144-145
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Lignite fly ash was used as a raw material for synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite and zeolite Y. The effects of reaction temperature, SiO_2/Al_2O_3 mole ratio, NaOH concentration, initial pressure and reaction time on yields of zeolite products are investigated. Maximum yield of ZSM-5 zeolite (59wt%) was obtained at SiO_2/Al_2O_3 mole ratio, 40; initial pressure, 4 bar; treatment temperature, 210℃ and treatment period, 4h. The maximum yield of zeolite Y of 37wt% was achieved at different conditions. Catalytic performance of zeolite product was investigated for CO_2 hydrogenation. The CO_2 conversion at 500℃ were 30 and 41% with ZSM-5 zeolite and zeolite Y from fly ash, respectively. It was a little higher than the commercial zeolite. The main products were methane, carbon monoxide and C_2-C_3.
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遠田 幸生, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男
原稿種別: 本文
p.
146-147
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Coated sewage sludge ash pellets were prepared by covering with bottom ash from a coal-fired boiler. Since the melting temperature of inner sewage sludge ash was lower than that of outer bottom ash, coated sewage sludge was heated rapidly in order to make only the surface of a pellets melt. The condition which let only the surface of pellets melt was decided, after each thermal conductivity of sewage sludge ash and bottom ash were measured. The elution test was carried out in hydrochloric acid and nitric acid solution for the sewage sludge ash pellets with and without bottom ash coating. The coating of sewage sludge ash completely suppressed the elution of arsenic ion in both solutions, while the sewage sludge pellet without coating caused a considerable amount of arsenic elution.
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沖田 伸介, 森本 研吾, 辰巳 憲司, 上田 成, 堀家 茂一, 松本 啓吾, 定方 正毅
原稿種別: 本文
p.
148-149
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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Barren ground or sea desert in coastal part is usual phenomena on all over the world. We report a result of fieldwork to recover barren ground using fusion coal ash or steelmaking slug. In addition, we discuss on the formation of the fulvic acid chelates of ferrous ions by a reaction of humic substances and Fe^<2+> in fusion coal ash.
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大中 昭, 本郷 孝, 古谷 幸二
原稿種別: 本文
p.
150-151
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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A coal ash granulated material Z-sand, which enables efficient use of environmentally burdensome coal waste, is on the way to being demonstrated. Z-sand is produced by putting ash from coal-fired power plants through a special process to convert it into a non-pollutant and permeable artificial grain sand or soil as a geotechnical material and is expected to be in demand to civil engineering applications
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原稿種別: 表紙
p.
Cover2-
発行日: 2003/10/23
公開日: 2018/06/23
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