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成瀬 一郎, 河合 隆之
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p.
74-75
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In pulverized coal combustors, molten ash particles generated during combustion have possibility of adhesion on surface of heat exchanger tubes. This ash deposition layer formed plays a role for insulation surrounding the tubes. In order to prevent this problem, it is, first, necessary to predict ash deposition characteristics. In this paper, not only amount of the ash deposition was measured experimentally, but also that amount was compared with amount of the slag-liquid phase calculated by the thermal equilibrium theory. As a result, the amount of slag-liquid phase calculated could be correlated with the amount of ash deposition obtained experimentally.
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加藤 貴宏, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男
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p.
76-77
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In order to pre-remove alkali metals (Na, K) from raw coal, three kinds of low rank coal were treated sequentially with distilled water and 3 mol/l acetic acid aqueous solution. Changes were observed in release behavior of alkali metals during pyrolysis at terminal temperatures of 400〜900℃ under N_2 and gasification at 900℃ under CO_2 atmosphere. Residual alkali metals in the pretreated coals were not released into gas phase under both pyrolysis and gasification conditions, owing to the effective removal of major portions of H_2O soluble and CH_3COOH soluble fractions of Na and K contained in raw coals.
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加藤 貴宏, 阿見 佳典, 菅原 勝康, 菅原 拓男
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p.
78-79
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In order to efficiently capture Na and K in solid during heat treatments of coal, two kinds of phyllosilicate (kaolinite and pyrophylite) were added to low-rank Yallourn and Barau coals which contained high contents of volatile H_2O-soluble and ion-exchangeable fractions of these alkali metals. By addition of kaolinite, more than 90 % of alkali metals in these raw coals remained in solid phase after pyrolysis and CO_2 gasification. For Yallourn coal, 1wt.% of kaolinite addition was enough to control K release during heat treatments. On the other hand, it was needed to add high content of kaolinite (10 wt.%) for Na capture. A possible reason was ascribed to change of H_2O-soluble Na to H_2O-insoluble at higher temperature 600〜900℃, compare to the case of K.
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佐藤 信也, 鷹觜 利公, 松村 明光, 川島 裕之, Wladimir F. Souza, Leni F. M. Leite, Sonia ...
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p.
80-81
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In order to clarify the oxidation effect of asphalt bitumen, the type distribution was determined on two sets of fresh and aged bitumens (S1, S2, S3 and S4). Each bitumen was separated into maltene (MA) and asphaltenes (A1, A2 and A3) by precipitation, and MA was further separated by preparative GPC. By aging, the content of A2 fraction increased and maltene fraction decreased. The change was clear in the case of S3-S4 series, but not as clear for S1-S2 series. S2 had the similar distributions of maltene fractions (F1-F6) as S1, but S3 contained less heavier maltene fractions (F1, F2 and F3) and more lighter fractions (F5 and F6). The viscosity of MA of S4 was significantly lower than that of S3, but no significant for S1-S2 series.
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麓 恵里, 松村 明光, 佐藤 信也, 鷹觜 利公, 多胡 輝興, 増田 隆夫
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p.
82-83
発行日: 2007/10/11
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To recover useful lighter hydrocarbons from heavy oil, catalytic cracking of petroleum residual oil was examined. The residual oil was converted into lighter hydrocarbons such as gasoline and kerosene in a steam atmosphere over zirconia-supporting iron oxide catalyst. Steam is decomposed on the catalyst, yielding active oxygen and hydrogen species. Heavy oil fractions are cracked on the catalyst and lighter fractions and coke precursors are generated. The active oxygen species react with coke precursors, producing carbon dioxide. The remaining active hydrogen species are added to the lighter fractions. Therefore, heavy oil was oxidatively cracked on the catalyst without any carbonaceous residue.
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竹内 祐介, 渡邉 則昭, 木下 睦, 田路 和幸, 中村 常太, 守谷 武彦
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p.
84-85
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Studies on the role of supercritical water in on-site upgrading system of bitumen by hydrothermal were carried out by varying experimental parameter such as reaction pressure, which influences the density of water. Experiments were carried out using a continuous flow reacting system operated under a temperature of 430 C. From the results such as the viscosity and the production of toluene insoluble and so forth, it was found that higher density supercritical water inhibits the pyrolysis of bitumen to lower molecular weight substance and the coking. Sato et al. found that the corking was inhibited because interactions among aromatic rings in quinoline could be disrupted. The dielectric constant of water in supercritical region is decreased to the same level of organic solvent. These interactions may be disrupted in the supercritical water. Accordingly, the supercritical water may easily exist around the hydrocarbons . As a result, this may prevent the bitumen from corking.
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熊谷 治夫, 佐藤 信也, 杉本 義一, 鷹觜 利公, 佐藤 栄作, 田中 隆三
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p.
86-87
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Crude oil contains heavy fractions such as asphaltenes, resines and maltenes, which are a solubility class and not a specific boiling range. Most of problems associated with the heavy oil refining process are attributed to the presence of asphaltenes. Asphaltenes are thought to be the aggregates of polyaromatics with hetero atoms and metals, and believed to be the precursors of coke formed during refining process. In this study, changes in the aggregated structure of asphaltene induced by pretreatment with solvents were investigated in terms of molecular mobility obtained with pulse ^1H-NMR. The results obtained using pulse ^1H-NMR demonstrate that the solvent pretreatments are effective to dissociate the aggregated structure of asphaltenes. It is also clarified that the dissociation behaviour of asphaltene aggregates is able to characterize by means of pulse ^1H-NMR.
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杉本 義一, ナランゲル ジャンチック, 堀江 裕吉
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p.
88-89
発行日: 2007/10/11
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猪瀬 悌暢, 山田 哲夫, 菊地 毅光, 橋本 裕之, 大塚 康夫
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p.
90-91
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Catalytic steam gasification of petcoke has been studied with a pressurized fixed bed reactor. Only about 15 wt% of the coke can be gasified without any catalysts under the conditions of 750℃, 1.0 MPa and 2 h, whereas potassium-based binary catalysts added by the impregnation method show drastic synergistic effects on coke conversion and realize the almost complete gasification accompanied by the major products of H_2 and CO_2. The use of these catalysts thus leads to the lowering of more than 150℃ in the gasification temperature.
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神田 英輝, 牧野 尚夫, 森田 真由美, 竹上 敬三, 吉越 昭雄, 武田 信生, 大下 和徹, 宮原 稔
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p.
92-93
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Liquefied DME was passed through 3.2 kg of sewage sludge cake (water content 78%) charged in the prototype test machine that we designed and developed. As a result, the water content of the sewage sludge sharply decreased to 30%. After dewatering, the color of the sewage sludge changed from black to gray, and had no odor. Following the successful experiment, we designed a process with an estimated dewatering capacity of 76 tons/day (114 tons/day of brown coal, 97 tons/day of sewage sludge), which is similar to the dewatering capacity of a commercial plant. As a result, dewatering with an input energy of 1100 kJ/kg-water, was shown to be theoretically possible below 50℃.
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武井 雅朗, 李 留云, 森下 佳代子, 宝田 恭之, 尾崎 純一
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p.
94-95
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In the low-temperature biomass gasification, deactivation of the catalyst by carbon deposition is a serious problem due to the cost. In this study, we conducted a study on the carbon deposition onto Ni/Al_2O_3 catalyst from C_6-hydrocarbon as model compound to observe the differences in the carbon deposition behavior and in the forms of the deposits.
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ワーユディオノ , 佐々木 満, 兼武 隆元, 桑原 穣, 後藤 元信
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p.
96-97
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Biomass has wide applications as a source of clean energy and as a raw material for different chemical stocks. Decomposition of biomass model compounds has been investigated in hydro- and solvothermal conditions. These treatments possess very interesting properties and the impact of unique properties was discussed exemplary for the thermal degradation of biomass model compounds. In this study, decomposition reaction of lignin, liquefaction reaction of tar and decomposition reaction of lignin model compounds were carried out to recover useful chemical compounds. The effects of temperature, pressure and reaction time on the decomposition of wastes biomass were investigated through the experiments using a batch reactor. A reaction pathway for the decomposition of wastes biomass was proposed on the basis of the product analyses.
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星野 明宏, 森下 佳代子, 内海 和彦, 宝田 恭之
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p.
98-99
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In order to reveal the fate of N-containing compounds in manure compost upon pyrolysis, the manure compost has been pyrolyzed at various temperatures with fixed bed reactor. And the samples were characterized with XPS. About 80% of the nitrogenous substance in the manure compost was an amine-N and/or nitrile-N. The amount of volatile-N increases with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, and it corresponds with decrease of amine-N/nitrile-N. The conversion to cyanogen is 3% while fuel-N of about 25% converts to NH_3, at 900℃ pyrolysis temperature.
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宿崎 直登, 王 青躍, 坂本 和彦, 山田 哲夫
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p.
100-101
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In this study, to shorten gasification reaction time of waste coal-biomass briquette, different sizes of mixing biomass in making waste coal-biomass briquette were used. After the pyrolysis, the gasification experiment was conducted with waste coal-biomass briquette char under the temperature of 900℃ and H_2O/Ar mixture gas. As a result, gasification reaction time of waste coal-biomass briquette char was shorter. It was assumed that ash contents in biomass worked as the gasification catalysts were dispersed, and also specific surface area was increased in the char.
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田邉 慎介, 橋本 晴美, 山田 哲夫, 鈴木 勉, 王 青躍, 丸山 敏彦
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p.
102-103
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Steam gasification of char and/or catalytic steam reforming of tarry material prepared from pyrolysis of coal biomass biohiquette(CBB) were investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor at 1,173K. The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and NiO added molecular sieve(NiO-MS) were effective catalysts for the steam reforming of CBB tar and most of the tar was able to gasify.
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清水 忠明, Jaakko Saastamoinen
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p.
104-105
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Limestone attrition is a major cause of loss of limestone during pressurized fluidized bed combustion. In the previous works, the analysis of published results of solid attrition and desulfurization was conducted to determine the attrition rate expression. The previous results showed that the attrition rate is second order with respect to particle diameter. This rate expression implies that reduction of feed size of limestone is effective for suppression of loss of limestone by attrition. However, too much grinding of raw limestone will increase the content of fine particles that are readily elutriated by gas stream and do not contribute to the sulfur capture. In this work, modeling works are conducted for particle attrition and desulfurization in order to predict the effect of feed size of limestone on total consumption of limestone and desulfurization is discussed.
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小宮 尚, 岸 義尚, 落合 哲也, 小田 廣和
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p.
106-107
発行日: 2007/10/11
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This study aimed to clarify the behavior of closed pores in coal chars during pyrolysis and gasification. Closed pore volume was calculated in terms of helium density and ash fraction. Closed pore surface area was calculated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Closed pore volume of caking model sample chars was larger than that of non-caking model sample chars. The caking probably influences the generation of closed pores at pyrolysis as well as coal chars. Also, closed pore surface area rapidly decreased at an initial stage of char gasification as well as closed pore volume. It might be indicated that closed pore is opened at an initial reaction, and theoretical formula to calculate closed pore volume is appropriate.
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安田 肇, 山田 理, 海保 守, 中込 秀樹
原稿種別: 本文
p.
108-109
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Hydrogasification of coal has been developed to produce methane as the substitute natural gas directly from coal. For the future operation of hydrogasification processes, the use of other carbonaceous materials such as waste plastics mixed with coal is under consideration. In this study, hydrogasification of polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) mixed with coal was carried out. Experiment was conducted using a unique batch reactor, which is able to control the reaction time optionally, at 1073K and under 7.1MPa of hydrogen atmosphere. Reaction time was varied from 1 to 80 seconds. Product distribution and temperature profile were investigated. As the result, promising products obtained from PP, PS respectively. Methane yield from the mixtures were noticeably greater than the values which was calculated. It is concluded that a synergistic effect for methane production was observed by also using PP or PS, not only with polyethylene as previously reported. It is suggested that the synergistic effect could occur with wide variety of plastics in the waste while high hydrogenation heat is released independently of its chemical structure.
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ナランゲレル ジャンチック, 杉本 義一, 小澤 浩
原稿種別: 本文
p.
110-111
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In this study, heavy oils were separated from coal liquid and upgraded by 2 different methods; (I) dilution with hexane for separation of asphaltene and (II) extraction by CUCI_2-2H_2O for removal of nitrogen compounds. Upgraded heavy oils were combined again with coal liquid distillates and hydrotreated in a batch-type autoclave with commercial NiW/Al_2O_3 catalyst at 350℃ for 2-4h under H_2 initial pressure of 5MPa. The results showed that pre-upgrading of heavy oils considerably increases whole coal liquid hydrodenitrogenation rate and reduces nitrogen content of products.
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安田 肇, 山田 理, 海保 守, 趙 平, 島田 荘平
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p.
112-113
発行日: 2007/10/11
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The coal partial hydro-pyrolysis process (ECOPRO) is under development to produce synthesis gas and light oil such as naphthalene. It is thought that naphthalene is formed by hydrogenation of the heavy tar which is produced by primary pyrolysis of coal. At the same time, naphthalene is partly disintegrated to benzene and methane. Therefore, it is supposed that both reaction of forming and pyrolysis participate in naphthalene yield. In this study, the partial hydro-pyrolysis of naphthalene was carried out. Stability of naphthalene was investigated with a unique batch reactor by changing the hydrogen partial pressure. As a result, the degradation of naphthalene was not promoted at the condition of partial hydro-pyrolysis in 0.9MPa hydrogen partial pressure compared to pyrolysis within no hydrogen. On the other hand, the degradation of naphthalene was promoted by hydro-pyrolysis in 3.0MPa hydrogen pressure. It was recognized that the partial hydrogenation atmosphere is available for the acquisition of naphthalene from coal.
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有森 映二
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p.
114-115
発行日: 2007/10/11
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The EAGLE pilot plant test of the coal processing amount 150tons a day has been executed as a joint research of J-POWER (Electric Power Development Co., Ltd.) and NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). Coal gasification is a key technology of a super-high efficiency power generation system, such as IGCC (Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle) or IGFC (Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle). In addition, this system is suitable for CCS (carbon capture and storage) technology. This paper describes the development status of the EAGLE technology based on more than 5600 hours operation.
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犬丸 淳, 白井 裕三, 幸田 栄一, 渡邊 裕章, 原 三郎, 阿部 俊夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
116-117
発行日: 2007/10/11
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The emission of CO_2 in the coal thermal power plant is one of the most important problem for the electric utility companies. A lot of projects of CO_2 capture and storage(CCS) are planned recently in foreign countries. However, existing technologies on CCS have difficult problems, such as a great decrease of the thermal efficiency and the rise of the cost, to introduce to the power generation system. In this study, a new highly efficiency IGCC system with CO_2 capture was proposed. The system consists of a new oxygen-CO_2 blown coal gasifier and a closed gas turbine using the gas mixed oxygen with CO_2, which is recycled from exhaust gas, and the CO_2 separation system is not needed in the system. The net thermal efficiency of this system is calculated as 42%(HHV base, 1300℃ class gas turbine) with CO_2 capture and technical subjects for practical use are clarified.
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海保 守, 安田 肇, 山田 理
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p.
118-119
発行日: 2007/10/11
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In order to elucidate the dynamic process of chemical reaction occurring in coal gasifire, a method to investigate the gasifing process based on the summarized reaction form, CH_mO_n+ αO_2+ βH_2O → γCO+ δH_2+ εCO_2+ ζH_2O+ ηCH_4, was proposed. The equations to calculate α〜η in the reaction form were derived theoretically from the concentration of CO, H_2, CO_2 and CH_4 of gas produced and methods to estimate the reaction process were developed.
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松岡 浩一, 倉本 浩司, 村上 高広, 鈴木 善三, 林 潤一郎
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p.
120-121
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Two kinds of low rank coals were rapidly pyrolyzed at 600℃ using a two-stage fluidized bed reactor. Almost all the tar formed during pyrolysis was captured by the porous alumina particles in the upper bed of the reactor, and then cracked to form coke. The resultant coke on the alumina particles and char were independently gasified with steam in a bubbling fluidized bed. Gasification rate as well as gas composition by the steam gasification of coke were independent of coal type, while those of char depended upon the coal type.
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Bazardorj Bayarsaikhan, 則永 行庸, 林 潤一郎, 松岡 浩一, 倉本 浩司, 村上 高広, Yoshizo Suz ...
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p.
122-123
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Atmospheric steam gasification of brown-coal-derived char particles was investigated with a particular type of fixed-bed reactor over a range of char bed height from ca. 0.5 mm (monolayer) up to 100 mm. Kinetic analysis of gasification of the thinnest char beds enabled to determine a Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism/kinetics, that was successfully applied to prediction of syngas formation and steam consumption for the thicker beds quantitatively. It was found that the steam consumption for 100-mm high beds (residence time: 0.6 - 0.7 s) was as high as 54 - 76% at 850℃.
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Atul Sharma, 鷹觜 利公, 斎藤 郁夫
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p.
124-125
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HyperCoal is an extremely clean coal with ash content <500 ppm. Mulia [MUL] (C= 65.5%) a lignite coal and Pasir [PAS] (C= 72 %) a sub-bituminous coal were subjected to solvent extraction method to prepare Muria HyperCoal [MurHPC] and Pasir HyperCoal [PasHPC]. At 650℃, without catalyst both coals and HyperCoals prepared from them showed extremely slow rates. When 6 wt % K_2CO_3 was added as a catalyst to MUR, PAS, MurHPC and PasHPC, the gasification rates increased. Carbon conversion for MurHPC and PasHPC with catalyst was 99 % and 85 % in 60 min while for Mulia and Pasir coal with catalyst it was about 65 % and 60 %. These results show that addition of catalyst increased the reactivity of coals and Hypercoals in general but Hypercoals showed much higher reactivity increase than the coals with mineral. With addition of catalyst MurHPC and PasHPC showed dramatic increase in gas yield with gas composition as H_2: 55〜63 %; CO: 4〜2 %; CO_2: 40〜37 % indicating that H_2 rich gas was produced at as low as 650℃ with high production rates. The results showed that high gasification rates and reduction in gasification temperature can be achieved by using HyperCoals from low rank coals as feedstock for H_2 production by catalytic steam gasification process.
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田中 未来, 小林 信介, 板谷 義紀, 森 滋勝, 朴 桂林, 田中 雅, 石川 明, 成川 公史, 大岩 徳雄
原稿種別: 本文
p.
126-127
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Coal gasification experiment was conducted with high ash fusion temperature coal in an entrained flow gasifire to evaluate the dry-ash removal process. In the conventional entrained type coal gasification process, coal ash was removed as the molten slug at the bottom of gasifier. Therefore, comparatively low fusion ash temperature coal was usually used in these gasification processes. However, it is very important to use the high ash fusion temperature coal in the coal gasification process in the near future to achieve the high power generation efficiency. From these reasons, new gasification process with high ash fusion temperature was proposed and gasification experiment was conducted In the proposed process, the ash was removed without melting. Therefore, the gasification condition on each coal characteristics was very important In this study, the gasification experiment with different operation condition, such as (Vcoal, was conducted with different types of coaL To evaluate the gasification performance and ash behavior, produced gas composition was measured and recovered ash after the gasification experiment was analyzed.
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深田 喜代志, 下山 泉, 庵屋敷 孝思, 藤本 英和, 山本 哲也, 角 広行
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p.
128-129
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The production of high strength coke is required strongly in order to operate blast furnace under high production and low reducing agent rate. In this study, for the purpose of the control of coke microscopic structure that governs coke strength, the effect of maceral size and shape on coke quality was investigated. First, the shapes of macerals in typical coking coals were measured and it was found that they were different among maceral groups and coal rank. And then carbonization test blending the different shape of inert was carried out and the influence of inert shape on coke quality was estimated.
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宍戸 貴洋, 鷹觜 利公, 斎藤 郁夫
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p.
130-131
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Thermal extraction using industrial solvents has been applied to produce ash-free coal called HyperCoal. HPCs have wide thermoplastic temperature ranges, in addition to the high thermoplasticity itself. Thus, HPC was tried as a thermoplasticity accelerator for cokemaking. When the HPC was mixed instead of a caking coal in coal blends, a significant improvement in the thermoplasticity of coal blends was observed. In the present work, HPCs produced from various coals of ranks were blended with standard coal blends, and the effect of HPC adding on the caking and coking properties of the coal blends was investigated.
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奥山 憲幸, 古谷 敦志, 濱口 眞基, 小松 信行, 井上 聡則
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p.
132-133
発行日: 2007/10/11
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Hyper-coal (HPC) is an ash-free coal produced by the solvent de-ashing technology. HPC has multi purpose quality for various uses. Especially, HPC has a large potential for a coke-additive to improve the coke strength, however the blending ratio of non- or slightly coking coal is higher. We found that the performance of HPC to the coke strength changed by its thermal history in the process^3). The HPC yield and characteristics are changed by the heat conditions, since the thermal relaxation and the thermal decomposition reactions are in competitive. The coal extraction yield and the characteristics of HPC maintain almost constant in the temperature holding time, even though in non-donor solvent. However, those values rapidly decrease when RC does not coexist in the solution. It suggests that the internal hydrogen transfer maintains the soluble structure if the surrounding molecule had transferable hydrogen. The high temperature and short contact conditions3) minimize the loose of transferable hydrogen, and obtain both high HPC yields and high performances as the coke-additive.
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松平 寛司, 西端 裕子, 西村 勝, 奥山 憲幸, 重久 卓夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
134-135
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Hyper-coal(HPC), which is an ash free coal, can be produced by thermal extractions with organic solvents and separation from the insoluble residue. We have made a study to use HPC as a coke making material. Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) is an upgraded coal by solvent extraction and hydrogenation. SRC was investigated as a coking material by many researchers about 20years ago. We have compared HPC with SRC as a coke making material. Softening temperatures measured with Gieseler-plastmeter are higher than that of SRC. H/C of HPC are almost lower than SRC.O/C of HPC are almost higher than SRC. We blended HPC up to the ratio of 5mass% with four kinds of coking coals. The blended coals were carbonized. HPC could improve DI when the size of HPC was less than 0.15mm.It was found that HPC made from low-grade coal could be used for coke making as well as coking coals.
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加藤 宗樹, 金澤 明日香, 狩野 真一, 菅野 元行, 平野 勝巳, 真下 清, 上坊 和弥, 正木 健介
原稿種別: 本文
p.
136-137
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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On the coking process of caking coal, addition of non- or slightly-caking coal decreased the caking properties of coal since dehydrogenation of caking coal occurred by the hydrogen acceptable property of non- or slightly-caking coal. Therefore, the effect of hydrogenation of coal tar pitch (CP) additive on the caking property of Enshu coal was discussed in this study. As a result, the fluidity of Enshu coal was enhanced by the addition of pyridine soluble but toluene insoluble (PSTI) constituent from the hydrogenated CP. It was considered that the hydrogenation of CP enhanced the additive effect of PSTI constituent on the fluidity of Enshu coal because the decreasing weight of PSTI constituent was relatively low on the temperature range of thermal plasticity.
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神成 尚克, 尾崎 純一, 尾花 秀俊, 藤本 秀和
原稿種別: 本文
p.
138-139
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effects of the inorganic compounds on the thermal behaviors of coals are studied by using a naphthalene pitch as a model compound of the mobile components in the coals. The first stage of the pyrolysis that we distinguished by TG-MS study was influenced by the presence of the inorganic compounds.
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相原 洋一, 齋藤 公児, 藤岡 裕二, 加藤 健次
原稿種別: 本文
p.
140-141
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effect of the additive contained in the coal tar on the thermal reaction of the coal was investigated using thermogravimetry and IR technique. The additives to decrease the coal fluidity decrease reactivity in 400 - 500℃ by interaction with the coal, and the effect by additives appears below such temperature area.
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上岡 健太, 林崎 秀幸, 梶山 真嗣, 松下 洋介, 青木 秀之, 三浦 隆利, 松平 寛司, 福田 耕一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
142-143
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In this study, coke strength for actual microscopic structures is numerically evaluated by means of digital-image based modeling. Stress analyses with a homogenization method for microscopic structures of coke are carried out. In the analyses, microscopic structure of coke is assumed to be composed of active components and pores. The stress analyses are carried out for two cokes made from a caking coal and a coke made from a slightly caking coal. Analytical results show that the stress distributions are changed bythe connectivity of coke matrices.
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Monthicha PATTARAPANUSAK, 蘆田 隆一, 中川 浩行, 三浦 孝一
原稿種別: 本文
p.
144-145
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In a previous work we examined co-pyrolysis behavior of the hydrothermally upgraded brown coal and waxes prepared from plastics. Char and gas yields increased for the pyrolysis conducted at either rapid or slow heating rate when compared with the yields calculated assuming independent pyrolysis of both the upgraded coal and wax, but no or small changes were found when using raw coal. These results indicated that extraction residue might be likely to show a significant synergetic effect in our co-pyrolysis method. In this work co-pyrolysis behavior of extraction residue obtained through high temperature solvent extraction and plastic wax was examined as one of the ways of utilizing the residues. A large synergetic effect was found in the co-pyrolysis using residual coals obtained from either a brown coal or a bituminous coal. It was also found that there was a threshold wax content over which a significant synergetic effect was found
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Zhiheng WU, 坪内 直人, 大塚 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
p.
146-147
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Effects of metal cations inherently-present in coals on the fate of coal-N in the fixed bed pyrolysis at 1000℃ have been studied with a quartz reactor using 25 coals with 62-81 wt% (daf) C. Among N_2, NH_3, HCN and tar-N evolved, N_2 is the predominant product for almost all of the coals, and there is a reverse relationship between N_2 and char-N, which means that N_2 originates predominantly from char-N. When 8 kinds of metal elements are determined and correlated with N_2 yield, a strong correlation between N_2 formation and inherent Fe content exists for low rank coals with less than 75 wt% C. The catalysis of conversion reactions of char-N to N_2 by nanoscale particles of metallic Fe, which is formed from naturally-present Fe ions, is discussed in terms of strong interactions between Fe nanoparticles and heterocyclic nitrogen structures in the char matrix.
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則永 行庸, 林 潤一郎
原稿種別: 本文
p.
148-149
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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Non catalytic partial oxidation of coke oven gas (COG) was numerically simulated with a detailed chemical kinetic model that consists of more than 200 chemical species and more than 2000 elementary step like reactions. COG was model as a mixture of H_2, CO, CO_2, CH_4, C_2H_6, C_2H4_, benzene, toluene, xylene, and tar which was lumped into 6 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The simulation suggests that oxygen is consumed almost completely for the combustion of reactive light gases such as hydrogen, CO, CH_4, and C_2 hydrocarbons within a reaction time of 0.02 seconds. Oxygen doesn't contribute directly to the tar reforming but it induces temperature increases of the reacting gas by the combustion and accelerates reforming of the tar by steam.
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松岡 正洋, 岩永 豊, 松山 勝久, 谷田部 広志, 四方 哲夫, 廻 信康
原稿種別: 本文
p.
150-151
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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In coke ovens, hot coke oven gas (Hot COG) is generated during carbonization as by-products. To avoid the deposition of tar and coking, a component of Hot COG, tar are removed and recovered through rapid ammonia liquor cooling. In this conventional process, however, the Hot COG's high-temperature sensible heat is not effectively used. This research and development aims to develop technologies to produce synthesis gas that can be converted to clean liquid fuels, such as methanol or DME (dimethyl ether) , by reforming the Hot COG with tar generated in coke ovens, thereby making use of the heat energy of Hot COG .
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原稿種別: 表紙
p.
Cover2-
発行日: 2007/10/11
公開日: 2017/03/22
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