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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 106 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 106 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 106 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 106 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 106 Pages
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Egil PEDERSEN, Kinzo INOUE, Masanori TSUGANE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
1-12
Published: March 25, 2002
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It is shown by geometrical interpretation of velocity vectors in a collision scenario that collision lines and cone-shaped collision regions, which are independent of own ship's motion parameters, can be displayed to acquired targets in true vector representation. The geometrical solution of the collision problem results in a radar plot and display technique that enables the mariner to evaluate anti-collision and safe passing distances by judging the tip of own ship's vector in relation to the displayed collision lines and regions. The performance of the technique has been evaluated by the Environmental Stress (ES) model, which is a quantitative method for evaluating the difficulty of ship handling for navigation in restricted and congested waters. The evaluation is based upon a simulator test programme with 3 scenarios of various traffic densities in Tomogashima Suidou. 5 Captains of the NYK Line and 10 students with license participated in three equal-sized groups. It is shown that the two groups of participants judging anti-collision based on the presented technique performed more homogeneous, safe and precise manoeuvres than the group utilising conventional judgement techniques based on standard ARPA and from visual observations. It appears evident that this visualisation of anti-collision information is capable to remove the need for long-term experience in order to judge anti-collision properly.
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Takashi KATAOKA, Yasuo ARAI, Toshiharu KAKIHARA, Yoshinori MIYAMOTO, M ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
13-19
Published: March 25, 2002
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The authors have advanced the research of systematic validation on Radar simulator training for beginners (students) in order to validate and to propose the effective training method. The technology needed for radar positioning and plotting was systematically classified from the viewpoint of rapidity and accuracy. Then, we have already presented the paper that the result of the simulator training could be quantitatively and qualitatively arranged. This time, on 2 own-ships training using Radar/ARPA simulator newly added in revised STCW treaty (1995), the verification experiment was carried out and tried to systematically evaluate the training result. In addition to rapidity and accuracy, the technology required for the collision avoidance training is appropriate judgment and activity. From the result of the experiment, the following tendencies were cleared. (1) DCPA is dependent resistant on the angle of altering course, (2) When the angle of altering course is same, DCPA is dependent on the timing of collision avoidance, (3) DCPA decreases in the case of VHF radio communication, and it contributes to the observance of the regulation, (4) It was proven that the appropriate communication was very effective in the training for beginners (students) and (5) The strain raises the motivation of the trainee, and it contributes to the improvement in the training effectiveness.
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Kouhei HIRONO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
21-28
Published: March 25, 2002
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It has been pointed out that watch-keeping procedures on a bridge are complex and force the watch officers efforts to choice and align tasks adequately to the environment. The Computer-Based Agent has capabilities to assist a watch officer on the basis of its own abilities to recognize the situation and to decide the plan. This paper describes an application of agent system for the watch-keeping workflow and the protocol between agent and user. As the result, the author is convinced that the agent system can be applied for the wide range of ship management system.
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Nobukazu WAKABAYASHI, Yoshiji YANO, Yuji HAYASHI, Koji MURAI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
29-37
Published: March 25, 2002
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T.S. Fukae-maru has 100Mbps FDDI network (Ship's LAN for short). IP network is running on the Ship's LAN. In T.S. Fukae-maru, many kinds of sensor that measures various kinds of data are connected to the Ship's LAN through sequencers. It is possible to get these measured data with IP communication. Using this feature, authors design the server program that receives the data from sequencers periodically, and transfers the data on user request. A client program sends a request to the server program, and displays/processes the data that is received from the server program. These two programs are executed as different processes. The IP protocol is utilized in the communication between both processes. Authors propose that data acquisition/transfer system is composed with such server-client model. The computers require just reguler connection to the network through the interface like Ethernet but any other special connection to the measuring devices. By connecting the computer to the Ship's LAN, users are able to utilize data in various places in T.S. Fukae-maru. In this paper, we describe the method of the system design with server-client model and some cases of its application. As the first step, experiments by prototype system and data display system by graphics are explained.
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Takahiro TAKEMOTO, Yoshiharu SAKAMOTO, Hiroyuki SHIMADA, Masao FURUSHO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
39-46
Published: March 25, 2002
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It is said that about 80% of marine accidents have been occurred by ship's navigators' human errors, such as improper lookout, inappropriate ship's handling. To prevent these accidents, marine navigation environment which is hard to occur of human error must be developed. The human error which is caused by navigator is put on a wide range of subjects. To prevent the accidents, it is needed to investigate when and how a navigator makes error and how the error is related to the accident. It is for that purpose that the human error modeling is very important method to determine the most critical phase under the human information processing system. This study proposes the human error classification on marine collision accidents in order to analyze the occurrence form of navigator's human error and find the latent hazard factor of the error background, and then verify the availability of the classification.
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Nobuo ARIMURA, Masayoshi NUMANO, Junji FUKUTO, Kunihiko TANAKA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
47-54
Published: March 25, 2002
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The purpose of this report is to discuss an evaluation index that has introduced a steering performance characteristic as the collision risk-judging element of the collision prevention support system of a ship. In the examination, the author compared this evaluation method with a conventional bumper method, regarding the passing distance distribution and the nearest approaching time distribution of ships as alarm target as well as the decreasing effect on the number of ships as alarm target. As a result, it has been proven that this method has a large decreasing effect on the number of ships as alarm target in a congested ocean area, compared with the bumper method.
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Yoshio MURAYAMA, Yusuke YAMAZAKI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
55-62
Published: March 25, 2002
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Maritime industry intend to progress research for marine disasters and incidents that have no damage. It does not bring us effective safety management without good cooperation with seafarers and method of the research and analysis. We have suggested the check list questionnaire for the research and accumulated data through three time studies, former two studies of which we reported. The third study got 1, 778 respondents : 42.3% of subjects. This means that many seafarers accept the research through our explanation and practices. We valued individual and his/her internal variations of answers and estimated indicating level of their conditions and situation were sufficient. They emphasis congestion of marine traffic, but reports a few peculiar conditions of environment or human elements. Comparing marine disaster, there are less incidents of grounding and more reports for crossing ships from left side incase of avoiding action in short distance they felt danger. These facts show that needs to pay attention to not only the number of indicated factors but seafarers' performance shaping factors.
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Tsukasa NAGAHATA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
63-68
Published: March 25, 2002
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The author published "Casualty Distance" has two characteristics, the exponential distribution and Poisson's one in the previous paper. The average of casualty distances is one of the most important elements that determine these distribution functions. The present report deals with the calculating method for estimating the mean casualty distance that have remained unsolved sufficiently when each casualty distance is unknown to be classified in the previous paper. This method is confirmed by comparing the calculated distances with the actual measured ones and distribution curve in the Uraga Channel, Shikoku-Shionomisaki coastal regions and the marine accidents requiring rescue in Japan for twety-one years.
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Kinzo INOUE, Hui MA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
69-77
Published: March 25, 2002
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The feature of the maritime safety policy management based on IMO-conventions is that the ratification as the results of agreement by individual nations brings the effectiveness of the reduction of sea casualties. To enhance the effects of the maritime safety conventions, it is important that the theoretical necessity of the conventions should be explained and whether the level of safety was improved or not after the introduction of the international maritime safety conventions should be made clear. The aim of this study is to establish the methodology of post-evaluation of the effect of conventions. In the present paper, the period that the conventions have been effective and the effectiveness of the conventions were quantitatively analyzed focusing on the relationship between the progress of ratification and the reduction of sea casualties, by employing direct correlation analysis, cross correlation analysis and time series invention analysis respectively.
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Young-soo PARK, Kinzo INOUE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
79-86
Published: March 25, 2002
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Speed Control has been considered to be a useful measure to improve the safety of navigation in narrow waterway. According to the simulation analysis, it becomes clear that the speed control doesn't always bring merit in safety, it also produces demerit in ship handling difficulty that imposes on mariners. Although the speed control may decrease the chance of overtaking when the legal control of speed limitation is imposed, but it makes the elapsed-time to overtake more longer in case of heavy traffic. In the present paper, the quantitative evaluation has been done to verify the merits and demerits of the speed control by introducing Environmental Stress Model.
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Yasuyuki TODA, Yun-Sok LEE, Hiroyuki SADAKANE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
87-95
Published: March 25, 2002
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The berthing maneuver of ships is usually carried out in the low lateral moving speed and in the short distance to a berth. But hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship hull under the berthing maneuver have quite complex and transitional characteristics. In our previous paper using 2-D CFD technique, it has been demonstrated that feasibility and validations of CFD technique for time-domain simulation of transient flows induced by lateral ship motion. And we have been also proposed the simplified formulas for the added mass coefficients based on the results calculated by potential flow theory. In this study, 3-D CFD technique was employed for basic considerations of the hydrodynamic forces especially to estimate the drag force acting on a 3-D plate moving laterally in deep water. The numerical solutions successfully captured not only the characteristics of the transitional hydrodynamic force but also some interesting features of the transient flow. These computational results were in good agreement with preliminary experimental results.
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Akinori YUMURO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
97-103
Published: March 25, 2002
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This report deals with influence of employing Nomoto's first-order equation on solutions of an optimal control problem concerning ship's maneuvering motions. Rudder behavior resulting from time optimal control is discussed for course changing maneuver. In the previous report, it was shown that the first switching time of rudder angle obtained from the second order equation almost agrees with that obtained from the first order eqation. However, the characteristic was known from numerical calculation using the iterative procedure. In this study, the same result for the switching time is obtained using analytical equations describing time-optimal trajectories in the state space. As a result, the characteristic seems to be a general property regardless of calculation procedures. Therefore, it may be said that the first order equation can be used instead of the second order equation in predicting the switching time approximately.
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Tadatsugi OKAZAKI, Kohei OHTSU, Hitoi FUKUDA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
105-112
Published: March 25, 2002
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Recently, some minimum time berthing problems have been numerically solved. However, there are some problems to realize the minimum time berthing maneuvering for actual ship applying these solutions. The largest one among them is that if a simple feed forward control to refer the given minimum time solution is used, the reliable realization of the minimum time berthing is impossible, because of error of maneuvering model and strong disturbance at sea. For compensating the difficulty, it is necessary to install with some feedback control law. In this paper, the development and application of tracking controller for realizing an automatic minimum time ship's berthing are discussed. In this controller, some appropriate waypoints are chosen from the given numerical solution in order to follow the result of minimum time berthing problem. Then, the controller guides a ship to the chosen berth point automatically in minimum time. Using a small training ship, actual sea tests were carried out validity of proposed controller.
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Yasuyuki NIWA, Masayoshi NUMANO, Junji FUKUTO, Mitsuo TADA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
113-120
Published: March 25, 2002
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Authors have been making observation on the tidal current and its effect on the ship motion along Kurushima Strait. An appropriate maneuvering control is essential for the safety navigation under a strong current condition. The ship maneuvering motion was analyzed using a simple response model, i.e., a KT model. Although the difference between an estimated motion by the KT model and the actual motion shows the effect of the current, a strong transient phenomenon, a side slip motion of the ship, was observed especially in entering the strongest part of the current. As the detection of the side slip is essential for the ship control, a continuous watch on water surface in front of the ship and monitoring splashing sound around bow gives effective information about the transient phenomenon.
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Seiji IWAMOTO, Hiroyuki ODA, Takashi HYODO, Masamitsu KANDA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
121-129
Published: March 25, 2002
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In the control of ships, it is important that the system not only be able to perform the desired task (tracking control), but that it also be able to compensate for such factors as wind, waves, and currents (disturbance control). Both types of variables must be factored into any control system. An automatic control system with decoupling control for berthing maneuvers was previously proposed ; however, the control system was not tested for its performance in compensating for disturbances. In this study, we analytically show the fundamental characteristics of the automatic control system, and examine them by computer simulation. As an example, by selecting propeller and bow and stern thrusters as manipulated variables and ship speed, lateral shift displacement and heading angle as controlled variables, we herein show that the automatic control system with decoupling control has the ability to react well to wind disturbance.
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Koji MURAI, Yuji HAYASHI, Yuko SEI, Seiji INOKUCHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
131-138
Published: March 25, 2002
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The purpose of this paper is to find relations between a horizontal angle of visual field and it's reality created by a ship handling simulator at Radar Navigation Experiment and Research Facility in Kobe University of Mercantile Marine. We measure subjects' center of gravity and nasal temperature for body and physiological response to the artificially created visual environment. We carried out the experiment, which was simulated ships rolling only visually not mechanically from 0.0 to 20.1 degrees, and its rolling was controlled by changing wave height from 0 to 8 meters. The subject looked visual environment for one minute in each condition. The results show that the displacement of the subjects' center of gravity is led toward an inclination of the picture created by simulator and their induction sense is proportional to a horizontal angle of visual field. Then the relations between rolling angle and direction of center of gravity are approximated to a logarithm curve in 210 degrees well, and the nasal temperature decrease while the subject looks a visual environment.
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Shuji HISAMUNE, Kiyoshi AMAGAI, Nobuo KIMURA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
139-147
Published: March 25, 2002
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In steering of a ship, the communications among crewmember is important for the safety steerage of the ship. The navigator selects the information, and makes decision. The officers and other members repeat the order to the navigator. In this study, the communication at the normal ship compare with the communication at the joystick-control system (advanced) ship. We recorded and analyzed all orders of the navigator and other crewmembers at the steerage bridge during arrival at the port and during departure from the port. We analyzed the two ships. The advanced ship has joystick-control system, was 1, 498 ton, passenger 400 persons and crew 8 persons. The normal ship was 6, 356 ton, passenger 400 persons and crew 14 persons. The numbers of communications between the navigator and another crew at the joystick-control system (advanced) ship were less than the numbers of communications at the normal ship. The joystick-control system (advanced) ship often contact another ships. When crew could not contact another ship (pleasure boat, fishing boat, etc.), the numbers of communications between the navigator and another crew in the high-speed ship increased sharply. It is important to construct the system, which can back up the navigator.
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Masaki UMATANI, Ryu SHIMIZUTANI, Iori FUJIWARA, Nobuyoshi KOUGUCHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
149-156
Published: March 25, 2002
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In good visibility, the expert navigator can collect some efficient information through the scene of sight, and he quickly and properly chooses any dangerous vessels. Next if he recognizes that a risk of collision will exist, he alters of his course or speed to avoid the collision for safety navigation. On the other hand, the inexperienced cadets like a trainee collect some information through same scene of sight, but they are not able to quickly and properly choose dangerous vessels. They have some different cognition through same scene of sight. In this paper, some elements (distance, azimuth, aspect angle, DCPA, TCPA) to cognize a subject risk of collision are discussed, and in some experiments of the radar navigation simulator it is shown that the most remarkable cognitive difference between a deck officer and a cadet for the cognition of subjective risk of collision at a short distance below one mile.
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Shigeaki SHIOTANI, Nobuyuki FUJITOMI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
157-165
Published: March 25, 2002
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As a small vessel freely travels near the seashore with high speed, the waves generated by the vessel cause severe sea conditions by reflection of waves or transformation of higher waves on the beach. Therefore, it is very important to research transformation of ship waves by shoaling or reflection. This paper deals with the field experiments of transformation of ship waves generated by a small vessel. As results, the characteristics of transformation of ship waves are obtained. The main results are mentioned bellow : The wave heights of clapotis created by reflection of ship waves from the vertical wall become 1.3〜2.0 times as high as the heights of incident ship waves. The effect on wave heights caused by transformation of ship waves on the beach becomes large but the effect on wave periods is small.
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Kazusei YAMAMOTO, Masayoshi KUBO, Kenji ASAKI, Youji KANUMA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
167-174
Published: March 25, 2002
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In this research, the temperature rise of the mooring ropes under ship motions is investigated. The temperature rise of ropes under the repeated load by the tensile test machine is taken photos with the infrared camera. The obtained results are summarized as follows : (1) The temperature of ropes under the repeated load tends to increase, when the load is big, and when the repeated time is short. (2) The temperature of ropes at the breakage is higher 14〜20℃ than that of the initial state. (3) The bigger the rope diameter is, the larger the temperature rise becomes. (4) In order to simulate the temperature of ropes correctly, the heat transfer must be considered.
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Masa-aki SATO, Hiroyuki TUTUI, Sachiko TSUMURA, Masao HIROI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
175-180
Published: March 25, 2002
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In Japan, the amount of agricultural products imported from oversea has increased year after year. The cargo-container transportation plays an important role for the importation, but the sweat damages that occur during rapid cooling processes has been a serious problem for the transportation. The detail investigation for the sweat phenomena is necessary to solve the problem. Recently, we have successfully estimated the coefficients of the heat and vapor transfer by use of a miniature container loaded soybeans. In this paper, the heat and vapor transfer in a real-scale container, limiting the flows in the vertical direction, was simulated during cooling and then time-dependent change in the amount of dew was elucidated. The change of the temperature in the cargo indicates gradual release of heat in accordance with previous reports. The change of the vapor pressure shows the inversion of the flow direction, which had been observed in the measurement for a miniature container. On the other hand, the amount of dew on the ceiling, which is strongly related to the sweat damages, showed a maximum and disappeared within about 5 days. The maximum weights, 0.17-0.02kg/m^2, are considerably little and hence the dew would not drop without any vibration and shock of the container. Therefore, it concludes that the keeping the container in static conditions for 1-4 days prevents the cargo from suffering the sweat damages.
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Masayoshi KUBO, Shigeki SAKAKIBARA, Katsuhiko SAITO, Toshiharu YOSHIDA ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
181-191
Published: March 25, 2002
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We developed a new type marine fender called as "Hybrid-fender" which was consisted of a first-fender, a guide pipe and an oil damper. In order to investigate the property, we conducted several ship berthing tests in prototype. Then we confirmed that the fender had several different unique properties compared with the existing marine fenders. On the other hand, several fender designs which consider not only the ship-berthing energy but also moored ship motions have been done because problems on large and long-period moored ship motions in harbor basins have been revealed in many ports and harbors around the world. In the fender design, a numerical simulation method on moored ship motions has to be used properly. In this paper, we try to model the property of hybrid-fender in the numerical simulation of ship motions and verify the modeling by reproducing the ship-berthing test.
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Takumi KODAMA, Nobuo KIMURA, Toshihiro IWAMORI, Tukasa HOKIMOTO, Kiyos ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
193-199
Published: March 25, 2002
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In the previous paper, we proposed a method to express roll response system of small fishing boats using Neual Network Model and presented the effectiveness of response model applying to tank tests. In this paper, we proposed a modified framework on the response model, which the input is only composed of transverse and vertical acceleratons on the freeboard deck of starboard at midship. Also, we applied the new modified model to the motions of fishing boats under fishing operations, and then analyzed the characteristics on the roll response based on the obtained-time series data. Using this modified model, we obtained following results.・For various changes on physical conditions such as initial inclination and direction of encounterd wave, our presented model could give good accuracies on estimations of roll motions in the actual fishing operations.・The effectiveness of our optimization method has also been shown by the improvement of estimating accuracies on roll motions, especially when the ship body inclines to the critical angle, so that the scupper is below water surface.
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Daisuke TERADA, Satoshi YOKOKAWA, Toshio ISEKI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
201-206
Published: March 25, 2002
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Instantaneous cross spectrum analysis based on the T-VVAR (Time Varying Coefficient Vector Auto Regressive) model is a powerful tool for on-line analysis of nonstationary ship motion data. In order to obtain the stable results, the trend model and the time varying variance model that evaluate constantly varying mean value and variance are applied. Using these models, the measured time series data are normalized. Using the normalized data, an on-line procedure for estimation of the stable instantaneous ship motion cross spectrum is proposed. In order to examine the reliability of the proposed procedure, onboard tests were carried out. Under the stationary conditions, on the constant speed and course, the proposed method shows good agreement with the stationary time series analysis. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed procedure can deal with nonstationary data and estimate the stable instantaneous ship motion cross spectra.
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Hideo USUI, Kinzo INOUE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
207-215
Published: March 25, 2002
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It is desiable in the planning of harbour entrance that the maneuvering difficulty of the navigating ship is considered into the design process of the layout and the dimensions of the waterway and the break water. However, nobody has researched how determine the relationship between the width of waterway and the width of break waters, and how design the arrangement of the break waters from the view point of the maneuvering difficulty up to now. In the present paper, the relationship between the condition of the arrangement of break waters and the maneuvering difficulty has systematically analyzed by applying the Environmental Stress Model for the problems of the navigating ship. Based on this analysis, the way to fix quantifalively the design elements of the arrangement of break waters under condition that the maneuvering difficulty comes to an allowable level for mariners was considered.
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Shinji MIZUI, Masayoshi KUBO, Gou KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
217-226
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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It is known that the ship entering into harbor is limited at the Japanese coastal harbors under severe wave conditions. This limit is critical for the on-schedule service and safety of the maritime transportation. The authors reviewed the distinguishing appearance of the small waves and the safe timing for the ships to enter the harbors at small wave grouping. In this paper, we review the technique to forecast the waves at the harbor entrance to support the incoming ships under rough weather. The consideration on the positive wave forecast for the ships presents the conclusions as follows : (1) The wave information necessary for the ships under rough weather is that of the wave grouping which the ships would receive at the turning point around the harbor entrance. If the grouping is forecast immediately before the turning point, the ships can pass the point in the small wave grouping. (2) The supporting system for ships to enter a harbor can be constructed by the layout indicated in Fig. 13 as an example. (3) The proposed display to forecast the timing for the ships to enter the harbor at the small wave grouping around the entrance and the ship speed is indicated in Fig. 14.
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Masayoshi KUBO, LIMIN Tang
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
227-237
Published: March 25, 2002
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There are some models on the calling port choice of mother container ship based on the optimization for the cost of transport. However, it seems that the actual circumstances are different from the models' conditions. This research aims to build a higher precision model with actual results of Weekly Service on the routes of Asia/West Coast of North America. As the aiming variable, the port call fleet volume is chosen different from the port call frequency of the other reports. The structure of the model is composed of the data in 1997. It is found that the port container demands, the port deep-water berth, the port location and the port charge are the main factors of mother container ship port choice. It is clarified that the precision of the model is higher than the past other models from the estimated result of the parameter and present reappearance. It also presents good performance to use it with the data in 2000.
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Hiroki KATSUKI, Masayoshi SOGA, Saburo TSURUTA, Hisayuki KUROKAWA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
239-248
Published: March 25, 2002
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In this study we expressed oil logistics procurement of crude oil refinement and sale of oil product, as a network model. The oil logistics network model is composed of two sub-models. One is a crude oil and oil products transportation model, and the other is a necessary tonnage estimation model. We formulated the transportation model as a linear planning problem. At first, the volume of oil transportation on each link is decided by this model. And we calculated the necessary number of vessels and the tonnage of the tanker fleet for Japan by the estimation model. After we verified the model, we examined the influence of variation of crude oil price of Middle East. When the price is up, it is expected that the volume of oil from Africa increase considerably. So the ship operating company has to examine the countermeasure. Even if the price is changed, no less than 10 million tonnage of tanker is necessary to transport crude oil from Middle East to Japan. In this case the operating company should consider the scale merit and the conditions for realization.
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Masayoshi SOGA, Hiroki KATSUKI, Hisayuki KUROKAWA, Saburo TSURUTA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
249-260
Published: March 25, 2002
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In recent years, there is the tendency for crude oil exported from the Middle East to Asia to be more expensive than that shipped to Europe & America. To eliminate the higher oil price in Asia and to achieve an internationally competitive oil price on the Asian market has been a matter of grave concern for Asia, including Japan. The crude oil price level, partly because it has a strong impact not merely on oil but on all energy price levels, is a key element in enabling Asia to achieve competitive economic growth on a par with that of the West. Worldwide, there are three crude oil pricing systems, applying respectively to the U. S., European and Asian markets. So afresh the linear programming model is developed to study how to eliminate the higher oil price in Asia. This paper will show the details of this model. And an example study by this developed model explains some possible option that will be able to eliminate the higher oil price in Asia. It is that to promote the introduction of African crude to Northeast Asia and enable them to replace crude oil from the Middle East can also be a viable option to check any revival of the Asian higher oil price on the scale of that especially seen in 1997-98.
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Kenichiro NAGAIWA, Saburo TSURUTA, Hisayuki KUROKAWA, Hirohito KUSE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
261-270
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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This paper deals with the operation service improvement of the remote island liner route. The operator plans the schedule of the lowest operation cost in the minimum number of ship-crew, and the user requires the schedule with the largest traffic service and so on. At first, we conducted the questionnaire on a service improvement demand of the user, and on the plan of the liner operator. Next, We developed the scheduling model for examining the feasibility of the highly required service that is clarified by the questionnaire. It is important for the operator to make plans of a traffic schedule with the minimum number of ship-crew as to satisfying the related law. We formulated it as integer planning problem with the remote island route service, and the solution algorithm is proposed. Then, the realization possibility of an improvement plan was examined using developed program. It is found that there are some feasible cases that the improvement service is satisfied user's requirement without cost increasement of operator.
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Shigeaki SHIOTANI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 106 Pages
271-277
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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The waves generated by a small vessel traveling freely in a coastal sea area cause severe sea conditions for marine small floating bodies. Therefore, it is very important to research the characteristics of the ship waves by a small vessel and the motions of a small floating body in her waves, and to estimate these ship waves and their motions. This paper deals with the comparison of the numerical estimation and two kinds of simplified calculation method of ship-generated waves developed in my previous work. These calculated results are also compared with the experimental data in the real sea area. The characteristics of ship waves by these calculation methods are obtained.
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 106 Pages
App3-
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 106 Pages
App4-
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 106 Pages
App5-
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 106 Pages
App6-
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 106 Pages
Cover2-
Published: March 25, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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