The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation

A Survey on Dynamic Behavior of a Moored Large Bulk Carrier during Cargo Handling under Severe Weather Condition

Shigeki SAKAKIBARA, Masayoshi KUBO

2015 Volume 133 Pages 1-11
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.1

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In our previous study, a field observation on ship motions, waves, wind and mooring loads was conducted for a 45,500DWT bulk carrier at a harbor which faces to the Pacific Ocean. The terminal for the bulk carrier was located at an exposed area to the ocean, and thus it was concluded that the large ship motions moored along the terminal were induced by swell and long-period wave. Recently a mooring accident occurred at the terminal for a 50kDWT class ore carrier. In this study, we have conducted a survey upon the ship mooring and weather condition based on the captain's report, weather chart and wave data, and also tried to reproduce the ship's behavior during cargo handling operation through a numerical simulation of ship motions and mooring loads.

View full abstract

Download PDF (3588K)
Behavior of Evacuation for Passenger in Case of Fire on the Cruise Vessels

Kohsei NAKAYAMA, Shuji HISAMUNE

2015 Volume 133 Pages 12-19
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.12

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In 2015, at the south of Tomakomai, the fire was happened on the car ferry. In this accident all passenger and 22 crew were able to evacuate, but one crew died. We have had fire on the vessel in the past and many people died only one accident. In this paper, we investigated evacuation in case of fire on passenger vessels which were difficult to escape. We compared “Incident” with “Accident”, and how crew act and stop expanding damage in “Incident”. As a result, in “Incident” crew decided how to escape and conduct depending on the circumstances. The existing study investigated “Accident”, and pointed how to prevent from happening same disasters. But, it is also useful to study from “Incident” to reduce damage of people in case of fire.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1016K)
Effects of Dynamic Operation by Yard Trailers Considering Ship Loading & Unloading Patterns

Etsuko NISHIMURA, Taro YAMASHITA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 20-27
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.20

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

We have already considered the yard trailer scheduling problem at the marine container terminal. Since the conventional operation for yard trailers is, multiple trailers are assigned to a specific quay crane, and the shuttle service between the quay crane and yard area. Then we have tried to develop the model for the yard trailer routing as “dynamic operation”, in order to reduce the empty movement. In this study, extra numerical experiments are conducted, in order to find the effects under combination of ship loading & unloading operations. From the computational results, the dynamic operation reduces travel distance about 10 to 20 % of the conventional one.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1080K)
Simple Simulation Model for Manoeuvring Ship Motion of Twin-propeller and Single-rudder Ships

Masatoshi KONDO, Hiroyuki YANO, Yo FUKUI, Yasuo YOSHIMURA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 28-33
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.28

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Twin-propeller and Single-rudder Ships are frequently used for medium high-speed ships such as container ships and passenger ferry. However, the manoeuvring simulation for these ships is not easy because the interaction forces between propellers and rudder become very much complicated.
In this paper, the authors have investigated a simple analysis and simulation technique for manoeuvring ship motion of twin propeller and rudder ships. For this purpose, captive model tests have been carried out, where the propeller thrusts and rudder normal force as well as ship hull forces are obtained for various parameters including propeller rps and rudder angle. Although the propeller thrusts are slightly different in each other for port and starboard sides and this makes the additional yaw moment, the thrust is assumed to be a single propeller's one by means of combining the both sided thrusts as if the ship is a single propeller and rudder ship. In this analysis, the propeller diameter is assumed to be √2 times larger and propeller rps 1/√2 times, so that the thrust coefficient K_T becomes the average thrust coefficient of twin propellers. This assumption can make very simple and easier since the conventional mathematical model for single propeller and rudder ships can be applied.
In order to validate the above method, free-running model tests have been carried out and compared with the simulated results. As the result, it is found that this simple technique becomes very useful for the simulation of twin-propeller and single-rudder ships.

View full abstract

Download PDF (831K)
Analysis of Attitude of Islanders toward Use of a Passenger Boat Line in deficit - Case Study of the Rapid Passenger Boat Line Connecting the Osaki Kamijima Island to the Main Island -

Masato OKAYAMA, Masanobu TANAKA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 34-42
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.34

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The rapid boat line has been operated through the Osaki Kamijima Island, which is located in the middle of the Seto-Inland Sea, to the mainland. Its service had once been decided to stop because of the decrease in its users but now is maintained, receiving the subsidy from the local government. Although validity of this subsidy or maintaining its service has to be assessed, we don't have fundamental data in order to assess it, for example its actual use condition and attitude of the islanders toward the line. Then, in this study, we try to reveal actual use condition of the rapid boat line and attitude of the islanders toward this line on the basis of questionnaire surveys we carried out.

View full abstract

Download PDF (850K)
A Basic Study on a New Risk Assessment of Marine Traffic Environment - I.

Akihiro TSUKISAKA, Shinji MIZUI, Ruri SHOJI, Tatsuto YAMADA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 43-49
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.43

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In the marine traffic environment in the recent years, the radar display of the marine navigation has been improved due to the increasing use of Automatic Identification System (hereafter called AIS). This fact certainly contributes to the improvement of marine traffic safety, however, still there are a large number of vessels operated by the conventional navigation instruments without AIS. The authors think as follows: there is a potential risk triggered by the marine traffic environment with different information volume between the vessels with AIS and those without AIS. Under the premise of this marine traffic environment, this study is focused on the west entrance of Kurushima Kaikyo Strait traffic route where a lot of small vessels sail and a unique navigation rule called “Jun-chu Gyaku-sei” or “Central traffic route at fair current, west traffic route at adverse current” is observed. We analyzed the dangerous head-on position cases that can happen at the traffic route. Toward the goal to develop a method of risk assessment for the vessels of different information volume with or without AIS, we tried to make a simple model regarding the features of the distance sailed and hereby report the result.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1955K)
The Effect of Large Containership and Slow Steaming on Domestic Feeder Service Network in Japan

Koichi SHINTANI, Kenichiro NAGAIWA, Yasuhito TANAKA, Toshihiko MATSUO

2015 Volume 133 Pages 50-57
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.50

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Container terminals have been developed in many local ports of Japan in the last three decades. They are supposed to be used for container traffics from/to Eastern Asia such as Korea, China, etc. Therefore, the hub function of major ports in Japan has been lost competitive circumstances with ports in neighboring countries. To be restored the hub function of major ports in Japan, the domestic feeder service is expected to reinforce by employing large containerships and slow steaming. In this paper, we analyze the effect of large containership and slow steaming on the domestic feeder service network in Japan, by using a mathematical model. Through numerical experiments, in the case of employing larger containership to reduce the number of deployed vessels, the economic viability of the slow steaming can be obtained the possibility in higher fuel cost levels.

View full abstract

Download PDF (514K)
The Feature of Bridge-to-Bridge Communication Using VHF in Marine Traffic Density Area

Yuichi TASAKI, Hideyuki KASHIMA, Yoshiaki KUNIEDA, Takahiro TAKEMOTO

2015 Volume 133 Pages 58-65
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.58

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

It has become much easier to identify vessels nearby since AIS is required to be equipped vessel. The number of communication times using VHF has been increased. However, there are no rules which are applied how to use of VHF in Japan, though VHF is quite a useful tool that can be used for collision avoidance. VHF is an effective aid to safe navigation, but sometimes it leads to a worse situation between vessels because of misunderstanding, even where the language of communication is not a problem. The views of the propriety on using VHF in collision avoidance are divided. However, a bridge-to-bridge communication by VHF is used quite often under the present navigation circumstance.
The purpose of our study was to propose an effective use of VHF in collision avoidance. We researched VHF communication and AIS data between vessels in Tokyo Bay, which is one of the dense area of the traffic in the world. As a result of this study, we grasped the feature of bridge-to-bridge communication using VHF in marine density area.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1094K)
Analyses of the Collision Avoidance Behaviours Based on AIS Data

Rina MIYAKE, Junji FUKUTO, Kazuhiko HASEGAWA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 66-74
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.66

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Authors have developed a collision avoidance algorithm for a navigational support system. However, some gaps between collision avoidance behaviours by the algorithm and by active seafarers were found through a series of simulation runs for evaluating the system's feasibility. In order to clear the gaps, therefore, authors analysed collision avoidance manoeuvres those were extracted from one month AIS recorded data of a congested sea area, one to one encounters extracted from AIS recorded data were analysed. In this paper, characteristics of collision avoidance behaviours analysed from the AIS data are described and concepts applying the characteristics to the algorithm is briefed.

View full abstract

Download PDF (970K)
Changes Attributable to On-board Training in the Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and the Occupational Consciousness of Undergraduate Fisheries Students

Masaya YUKIHIRA, Mitsuharu YAGI, Kenichi SHIMIZU, Hisaaki TAKAYAMA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 75-80
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.75

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

It is suggested that education providing the opportunity of accessing a ship may contribute to enhancing the career decision-making self-efficacy. Therefore, the authors surveyed the changes attributable to on-board training in the career decision-making self-efficacy and the occupational consciousness of undergraduate fisheries students. The survey was conducted for the on-board training of the Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University in August and September 2013. The survey questionnaire consists of questions (30 items) on the career decision-making self-efficacy scale, questions on the occupational consciousness such as desirable job, and so on. As a result, there was a tendency that the marks of the career decision-making self-efficacy scale increased after the on-board training. Consequently it was suggested that the career decision-making self-efficacy was affected by the on-board training. As for the occupational consciousness, there was no difference between before and after the training about whether the students have a desirable job or not. However, the 33 percent of students, who replied after the training that they firmly or faintly had a desirable job, responded their occupational consciousness varied after the training. Particularly focusing on the navigation related jobs including maritime officers, the number of students wanted to have such job increased by 3 after the training. Accordingly, it has suggested that on-board training would have an impact on the occupational consciousness.

View full abstract

Download PDF (765K)
Collision Hazard Evaluation using AIS in Tokyo Bay

Makiko MINAMI, Ruri SHOJI

2015 Volume 133 Pages 81-87
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.81

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

It is effective for prevention of recurrence of a marine accident particularly the collision that a ship operator grasps the risk for the accident of the target sea area. Therefore a Hazard map of Marine Accidents was made in Japan Transport Safety Board. It displays accident point on the map. Thus, a sea area in which many collisions frequently occurs can be known at a glance.
Then we have analyzed an occurrence trend of collisions in Tokyo Bay and considered the utilization method of collision occurrence point information when making a navigation plan. We used only accident information so far. But dangerous encounters, such as near-miss, occur more than accidents. So we consider incidents are an important element in characteristics of target area.
In this study, we have shown the potential risk area of collision where has no accidents before. Therefore, we used not only accidents' information but also AIS information. From AIS information, near miss cases were extracted. Then their density distribution, calculated by kernel estimator, displayed on a map.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1426K)
Development of Free-running Test Techniques Using a Small Ship Model

Mitsuhiro NAKAMURA, Yasuo YOSHIMURA, Daisaku SHIKEN, Fumiaki SAITO

2015 Volume 133 Pages 88-94
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.88

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

In case of performing a free-running model test, a large scale ship model is generally required because of installing a lot of driving and measuring apparatus including power resources. When a large ship model is used, the production cost of ship model becomes higher and also a large basin is required. Therefore it becomes too expensive to carry out the free-running model tests with such large scale model. If a small ship model and apparatus could be available, free-running model tests would become easier and cheaper.
For this purpose, the authors tried to downsize the on-board apparatus, and carried out free-running model tests with a small ship model^1),2). However, the measurement systems were still poor and driving and control systems were done by almost manually, as the results, the measured data were not sufficient or reliable.
In this paper, the authors have tried to develop the smaller and reliable on-board apparatus for a small ship model, and then they have carried out the model tests successfully. Ship position and speed in waves have been also measured by a total station system. Using these techniques, it is clarified that during surf-riding and broaching, propeller thrust/torque are decreasing and rudder normal force doesn't increase at large rudder angle.

View full abstract

Download PDF (614K)
A Study on the Transportation Pattern in Wheat Import of Japan

Lisa SUZUKI, Hisayuki KUROKAWA, Kenichiro NAGAIWA

2015 Volume 133 Pages 95-106
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.95

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Currently, global warming is a globally serious problem. And also in marine transportation, reduction of greenhouse gas (especially CO₂ emissions) is needed. In order to reduce CO₂ emissions on a global scale, it is necessary that reduction of CO₂ emissions in both marine transportation and land transportation are considered from the perspective of supply chain. Therefore, this study examines the transportation pattern for reducing CO₂ emissions on import of the wheat in Japan. Concretely, the volume of import of the wheat for every import port and the size of ship which make CO₂ emissions the minimum are shown.

View full abstract

Download PDF (936K)
Influence of the Maneuverability in the Williamson Turn

Wataru SERA, Hideo USUI

2015 Volume 133 Pages 107-112
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: December 25, 2015

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.133.107

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

When a person falls overboard at sea, the ship has to return to the scene to help the person. But it is quite hard to steer a ship back to a particular spot in the water, so some manoeuvers that make this easier are proposed.
The Williamson turn is one of them. It was named for John Williamson who used it in 1942. This turn is most appropriate at night or in poor visibility, because the ship gets onto a reciprocal course when you take the proposed procedure. However, hull forms and the performance of rudders have changed greatly from when this turn was first proposed. Recent ships find it difficult to effectively use the original procedure.
This paper, examines how manoeuvering factors influence the ships track using the training ship and a ship handling simulator.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1032K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!