[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study was to identify the need for certified nurse specialists as felt by nurse administrators and further to gather basic data in preparation for a curriculum of CNS graduate programs. A postal questionnaire survey was conducted on a sample of 300 nurse administrators in the Kanto Region.185 out of 300 questionnaires were returned(return rate:61.7%). The questionnaire consisted of 26 items concerning 5 key functions identified as essentials of CNS such as"patient care", "consultation", "education", "research"and"co-ordination". The findings were as follows:46.5% of nurse administrators expressed thier strong wish-es to introduce CNS to their hospitals while 45.9% of them wanted to do so if possible. They had high expectations of the CNS as providers of such functions as"patient care", "education"and"research". The nurse administrators who wished to introduce CNS to their hospitals seemed to have greater considerations for"humanity", "knowledge and technique"and"leadership". The above findings provided enough evidence to justify the need for the development of a suitable curriculum related to CNS programs.

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The basis of wheelchair adaptation is to adjust to the body dimension each user. However, ready-made and common wheelchairs are often used to the disabled elderly, and problems occur on sitting position, and wheelchair operation. In the sitting position, there are many problems of sacrum sitting and bedsores, which many cause social problem of body restraint. A large type Japanese Industrial Standard was used generally as a common wheelchair, and some incongruity was estimated in comparison with the body dimension of the disabled elderly. In this study, the incongruity was clarified on elbow hang, seat width, seat depth and dimension of the common wheelchair as a result of examining body dimen-sion of the elderly disabled female in the 70-year-old generation.

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An autopoiesis system with a completely new theoretical basis is being proposed recently. It is positioned as the third generation system theory following the general system theory and dissipative structure theory. The autopoiesis system theory was originally proposed in the domain of a theoretical biolo-gy by Mturana, H.R.and Varela, F.J..In addition to the area of biology, adaptation is attempted in areas of sociology, economics and psychopathology. The autopoiesis system theory defines occupational therapy system is a network of pro-cesses of production of component as occupational therapy program. From this point of view, occupational therapy program is regarded as the system consisting of activities, infor-mation and effect working in coordination with constitutional, specific and orderly relation-ships forming on unity. Further, the patient-therapist relationship should be based on the coupling of occupational therapy system and a human system.

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We reviewed how the younger generation, middle-and advanced-aged genera-tion and people with hemiplegia evaluated the visibility and ease of use of the remote control for toilet seats incorporating a bidet. Review and comparison of their evaluations suggested that a remote control for all of the three groups should preferably have color-distinguish-able, simple-setting, push-type switches.

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In an irradiation with a proton beam, the relatively small lateral scattering is one of the physical characteristics, but primary proton beams and secondary charged-particles participate in a evaluation of the absorbed dose. We performed the dosimetry of proton beams in water using plane parallel ionization cham-ber. The maximum energy of the proton beams used in the present study is 70 MeV pro-duced from an isochronous cyclotron in the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. The output factor for some range shifter was extrapolated to zero field size and the influence of lateral secondary charged-particles was excluded. The dose ratio was defined as relative dose for field sizes. The ratio of average dose for secondary charged-particles in some range shifter was calculated by the dose ratio using the fluence of primary proton beams and the share of scatter dose. From the results, the ratio of average dose for secondary charged-particles increase with the decrease of field size and is changed by the depth of Spread-Out-Bragg-Peak(SOBP). There was a possibility that the secondary charged-particles generated by collimator influ-enced the absorbed dose.

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In Roentgen diagnosis, quality control of X-ray equipment is very important to get the medical image of high quality. In particular, method of control of X-ray equipment in clinical facility should be simple and easy, and quick measurement system is required. In this work, we constructed the indirect measurement system where non-invasive type instru-ments were used. We examined accuracy of X-ray tube voltage, X-ray tube current, expo-sure time and X-ray dose of X-ray equipment using the present indirect measurement sys-tem and a direct measurement system. As a result, error of each measured value was range of 1 to 4%, and coefficient of variation was less than 0.01 and reproducibility was superior in radiography and mammography area. This indirect measurement system is very useful for X-ray equipment control with clinical facility.

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