[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this research was to identify the requirements for nursing professionals of Tokyo Metropolitan government to go on to further educational stage. In August 1999, a questionnaire survey by mail was conducted on a sample of 934 nurses, public health nurses, midwives and teachers at nursing schools, 84.2 % of which was returned. The results of this research were : 1) Many of 62 nurses who wish to receive further education to obtain bachelor's degree were presently working either as teachers or chief nurses and receiving some type of education. 2) The reasons for nurses to obtain bachelor's degree include improving their patient care skill and self-efficacy. 3) Preparing an environment for nurses that enable them to obtain bachelor's degree while continuing their works was necessary. This can be achieved by following : (1)schooling on holidays, (2)schooling near the office setting, (3)changes of working condition to meet schooling requirements.

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In order to give a consideration on the quality of life of terminal cancer patients, we collected the patients' conditions during last 4 weeks before their death from the nursing records of 56 patients : 35 died in hospital and 21 died at home. Our original survey form has following five items : 1 Background of patients, 2 Eating, excretion and personal hygiene, 3 Communication with their family members and self-expressions, 4 Patients' sufferings and unpleasantness, 5 Precious things on nursing side. This report featuring the 1, 3, 4 and 5, reveals that patients in hospital get the low rate of pronouncement and the much sufferings and unpleasantness, and that patients at home hold actual self-conditions coolly and kindness to their family members in the hard situations.

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This study of pregnant woman whose pregnancies extended beyond their expected dates of delivery had as its objectives to determine the subjects' feelings before and after their due dates, up until the actual delivery, and to examine effective ways of satisfying their needs during this period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted 3-5 days aiter delivery of 8 primaparas whose deliveries had occurred on or after 40 weeks and 5 days. The study found that although each of the subjects understood that the due date is only an approximation, they were in fact greatly affected by the existence of this standard. Characteristics of the pregnant woman own personalities interacted with external stimuli, resulting in feelings of stress or pressure when they were past the due date and still waiting for delivery. It was also found that the pregnant woman were each dealing wil:h these feelings in their own ways in order to avoid them. These findings demonstrated that in order to provide the pregnant woman with support in maintaining their equilibrium despite such environmental stimuli it is necessary to (1) promote an attitude of acceptance, as by explaining what to expect and (2) exercise control over the pregnant woman environment to the extent possible.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a fall prevention exercise and it's educational program for the community-dwelling elderly and to examine its feasibility and usefulness. The fall prevention exercise consisted of 1) the radio-taiso and 2) muscle strength exercise and balance exercise. The exercise lasted about 30 minutes. Then, the 3-hour 'Korobanusakino-tsue' program was developed based on social cognitive theory and past research. An educational intervention study was conducted to examine feasibility and usefulness of the 'Korobanusakino-tsue' program. Seventeen elderly participated in the study. Several indicators of the program showed feasibility of the program and high motivation for the exercise among the participants. Ninety-four percent of the participants continued the exercise at the 1-month follow-up assessment. The results indicated feasibility and usefulness of the 'Korobanusakino -tsue' program

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The purpose of this study was to make clarify current issues of the education on restraint in a basic nursing program and to obtain some suggestions to the education. The subjects were 514 instructors of fundamental nursing and gerontological nursing in educational institutions (university, junior college, and diploma school). The data were collected by mail survey. Among 241 (46.9 %) respondents, 114 (47.3 %) were those who actually educated on restraint in fundamental nursing or gerontological nursing. Sixty-seven (58.8 %) responded "safety and comfort of patients" as their purpose of the instruction and 80 (70.2 %) answered "meaning and application of restraint" as what they teach in their lecture. As the most important content of the instruction, 59 (51.8 %) answered "human rights of the patients". The content of the lecture on restraint differs with educational institutions or disciplines in which the subjects were teaching. The results revealed that many Instructors were searching for effective methods for lectures, and experiencing mental conflicts when they taught the restraint. These findings suggest that the education on restraint, including its purpose, content, and measures of the instruction, is being pressed for reconstruction.

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The purpose of this study was to describe nursing instructors' experience of dilemma in teaching the use of restraints. A mail survey was conducted in 2000 and 241 instructors in gerontological and fundamental nursing responded. Quantitative data showed that 64 % (71) of the 111 instructors, who taught the use of restraints, experienced dilemma. Analysis of the qualitative data from 71 instructors identified five categories and 18 subcategories regarding their dilemma. "Uncertainty regarding content, procedure, and outcome of the restraint education" was the most frequent category. The results suggest that it is extremely important to develop adequate content and strategies for teaching regarding the use of restraints for the generic education in nursing.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) related to a measure of similar construct. A cross-sectional research design was used to draw explicit conclusions regarding concurrent validity of the MBI. Subjects were residential workers at rehabilitation centers for people with mental retardation. Two hundred sixty-one subjects completed on all items of burnout in our investigation. The measurement model of MBI was the three-factor oblique model consisted of 18 items by Schaufeli and van Dierendonck (1993) . A second -order factor model regarding the revised version of Pines Burnout Measure, which was reported in our previous study, was used as a criterion standard. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test correlations between latent variables, regarding the MBI's three factor and the criterion factor. The goodness-of-fit indices of the model were adequate. The factorial intercorrelations of Emotional Exhaustion (EE) toward the criterion factor was 0.863, Depersonalization (DP) 0.445, and Personal Accomplishment (PA) -0.111. The correlation between PA and the criterion was not statistically significant. Furthermore, PA showed correlations with neither EE nor DP. The correlation between PA and EE was posltive inconsistently in the expected direction defined by the previous literature. These findings tested by correction for attenuation of measurement error uslng structural equation modeling technique, supported that EE is considered as the more robust factor in burnout, and PA is independent of the construct in a cross-sectional study. The inadequacy of the three-aspect conceptualization of burnout was discussed.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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This study presents an analysis of the present conditions of welfare vehicles for care in Japan. Data was derived from interviews with sales staff of car dealership, catalogues of automobile makers, and the existing literature. As a result of our analysis, two basic fmdings were described. (1)As for the welfare vehicle for care designed for the elderly, handicapped persons, quality, quantity of the welfare cars are filled up together. End-users have their choice a basic car, and optional parts among many welfare vehicles and automotive parts for care. (2)About the equipment of welfare vehicles, there are principally many devices helping the getting on and off. Now many automotive parts for care were on the marcket. A user gets possible to purchase a car to onels needs. We think that the following points become necessary than the present conditions in future. (1)Development of vehicles based on universal design, (2)Legal promotion plan, (3) Operational systems of cars for care.

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