The actual use of eyedrops was surveyed through the prescriptions for ophthalmic outpatients at Yamanashi Medical College Hospital, and the problems obtained from the results were investigated. The percentage of prescriptions which indicated the use directions for eyedrops was about 60%. 46.2% of prescriptions were under concomitant therapy which used more than two kinds of eyedrops. As the results of the compatibility tests upon mixing of eyedrops for 109 cases, the changes were observed in 29 cases. In addition, 16 samples of eyedrops were tested to determine the average drop size of each preparation. The average drop volume of different preparations varied between a minimum of 29.5μl and a maximum of 49.2μl, with an average volume of 41.2μl.

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1% Lauromacrogol (LM) injection as hospital pharmacy product has been used as a sclerosing agent in the treatment of esophageal varices.
LM, a polyoxyethylene ether is prepared by the additive polymerization of ethylene oxide with lauryl alcohol, and accordingly the possibility of degradation for sterilization is present.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was presented for the separation and analysis of aldehydes in LM injection as their 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPH). In spite of the sterilization of LM injection, FA and acetaldehyde (AA) were confirmed.Aliphatic carbonyl compounds were increased after the sterilization, especially AA was increased more than 20 times. A HPLC system for the determination of FA and AA with DNPH has been presented and this method provides a potentially very selective and sensitive method for the determination of these compounds in LM injection.

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The effect of isofloxythepin (IFT) on isolated rat liver mitochondria was examined.In the presence of β-hydroxybutyric acid, succinic acid or ascorbic acid as respiratory substrate, IFT accelerated the state 4 respiration with a dose-dependent manner at low concentrations (≤100 μM), but did not show any noticeable influence on the state 3 respiration.
IFT stimulated the latent ATPase activity at low concentrations. But at higher concentrations, the DNP-stimulated ATPase activity was decreased remarkably. The activities of the latent and DNP-stimulated ATPases were at the same level when IFT at a concentration of 400uM was added. These results suggest that IFT influences isolated rat liver mitochondrial functions as an uncoupler.

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The evaluation of methods for quantitative analysis of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a potent hypotensive agent, is described. The direct spectrophotometrical method described by M. J. Frank et al., which has been employed as a conventional method in the hospital had a liability to overestimate the degradation of SNP. The high-performance liquid chromatographic method reported by O. R. Leeuwenkamp et al., with some modification gave accurate value and showed two peaks on chromatogram assignable to degradation products. The sulfide method reported by C. J. Vesey and G. A. Batistoni was thought to be a simple and convenient method for the quantitative estimation of degradation of SNP.
Photodegradation was dependent upon the concentration of SNP. Higher degradation rate was observed in lower concentration. The difference in the extent of degradation was not found for solvents used, distilled water, 5% glucose solution and 0.9% saline solution. The degradation of an aqueous solution of SNP stored in a cool and dark place for 13 months was not observed.

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The loss of flunitrazepam from solutions into the intravenous delivery system was investigated. A linear relationship was found between the absorbed amount of flunitrazepam by the administration set and the equilibrium concentration within the range of 4.0-20.0μg/ml. At the flunitrazepam concentration of 10μg/ml in isotonic sodium chloride solution, the absorbed amount in equilibrium was 1.7mg/g and this value was about 50% of that of diazepam.
When the solution was stored in a glass or polypropylene container no drug loss was observed while in a polyvinyl chloride bag flunitrazepam concentration was reduced to 54.8% in 24 hr. When the flunitrazepam solution was passed through the administration set at a flow rate of 0.55ml/min, initial concentration 20μg/ml and the length of administration set 100cm, the flunitrazepam concentration at the outlet was reduced to 62.7% in 10min, and gradually returned to the initial level with time.

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The comparative pharmaceutical quality evaluation of two commercial cimetidine tablets and fine subtilaes was made. The weight variation, content uniformity, hardness tests on tablets exhibited no significant difference between products, and both of which did not show pH dependency in disintegration and dissolution tests at pH 1.2, 4.0, and 6.8.
On the other hand, one of the fine subtilaes exhibited slightly lower dissolution rate at pH 1.2 and 6.8 because of its matrix formulation to suppress bitterness of cimetidine. The present study proved that all products have satisfactory quality, and complied with the requirements of the J. P. XI.

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The microbial contamination of sterile injectable solid preparations was investigated. In place of sterile injectable solid preparation, a sterile medium was reconstituted with the diluent, using the following four methods;(A) a needle and a syringe, (B) a double-ended needle, (C) a connected tube, and (D) a newly designed closed-system sterile reconstitution kit. This experiment was done in five separate places in the author's hospital.
Staphylococcus aureus suspension was inoculated on a small surface area of the syringe plunger. The conditions of plunger were both dry and wet, and those of syringe type were both a reusable glass and two kinds of disposable plastic.A liquid medium was injected into the syringe before and after the intentional microbial challenge.
As a result, of the 50 test vials in each method, the number contaminated was 12 in method (A), 1 in (B), 2 in (C), and 0 in (D). The isolated bacteria were identified Staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Micrococcus species. All reusable glass syringes instilled after microbial challenge were contaminated, but no contamination was found in disposable plastic syringes. This may be resulted from structural difference.

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