Interactions of carbamazepine (CBZ) with α-, β-and γ-cyclodextrin (CyD) in aqueous solution were investigated by the solubility method.The apparent stability constant of CBZ/γ-CyD complex was found to be largest among the three CyD complex. The solid complex of CBZ with γ-CyD in the molar ratio of 1: 1 was prepared by the saturated solution method, and the interaction between host and guest molecule was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared analysis (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR).The dissolution rate of CBZ in the solid complex was larger than that of CBZ crystalline alone.

View full abstract

Celeport ^® granules (preparation of bifemelane hydrochloride) is a cerebral metabolic activator developed for disturbance of cerebral circulation. For the purpose of per tubam medication with Celeport ^® granules of which exterior coat was insoluble in water, we attempted to prepare Celeport ^® solution with citric acid. Celeport ^® granules was well disintegrated with citric acid solution at concentration above 0.5%w/v.Stability of Celeport ^® solution (0.5% citric acid solution) and compatibility tests of six kinds of medicine in combination with Celeport ^® solution were investigated with regard to change in appearance, pH value and bifemelane content.
In these compatibility tests, the following commercially available medicines were used: ground Avan ^® tablets, diphenylhydantoin powder, Hicee ^® granules, Hyserenin ^® fine granules, Perdipine ^® powder and Clinimeal ^®.No change was observed in Celeport ^® solution alone, but when admixed with other medicines, decrease of bifemelane content was found in all cases.In the combination with either ground Avan ^® tablets, Hyserenin ^® fine granules or Perdipine ^® powder, changes in appearances were observed.Furthermore, in the combination with Hyserenin ^® fine granules, shift of pH value to alkalinity occured.These results suggest that single dispensation might be desirable for administration of Celeport ^® solution.

View full abstract

Stabilities of steroids admixed with or without Alevaire ^® or Bisolvon ^®, which were treated with ultrasonic nebulization (UN), compressor nebulization (CN), or incubation at 45°C, were investigated with regard to its changes in appearance, pH, and residual potency.In this study, the following steroids were used: hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HC), prednisolone sodium succinate (PS), methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPS), dexamethasone disodium phosphate (DM), betamethasone disodium phosphate (BM) and flunisolide (FS).
The results are summarized as follows;
1) No changes in pH were observed in all solutions of steroids admixed with or without Alevaire or Bisolvon, with treated with UN or CN and incubated at 45°C.But HC, PS, MPS and DM became turbid soon after admixing with Bisolvon ^®.2) The residual potency of all steroids treated with CN for 30 minutes were maintained above 90%.3) The residual potency of HC, PS and BM treated with UN for 30 minutes tended to decrease below 90%.Also, the residual potencies of HC and PS in admixture with Alevaire ^® or Bisolvon ^®, BM in admixture with Alevaire ^®, and MPS in admixture with Bisolvon ^® treated with UN for 30 minutes tended to decrease.These results indicate that the use of UN is inadequate to steroids anemopathy of HC, PS and BM, and CN is recommendable for the treatment.

View full abstract

Purification of a high unit platelet concentrates was tried by filtration through Egyptian cotton wool (Imugard^® filter, Terumo Corp.), to obtain leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates. With this simple procedure, more than 99.9% of the leukocytes were removed and the recovery of platelets exceeded 85% by using 45g of Egyptian cotton wool. The in vitro platelet function was normal. In addition, the residual leukocyte count was 1×10⁷ cells/bag or less. The reduction of leukocytes may reduce possibility of alloimmunization and other harmful effects of transfusion.

View full abstract

Early reports by Briggs and Callow and Bullock and Cannell indicated that procaine hydrochloride, an anesthetic, is hydrolyzed to yield paraaminobenzoic acid and diethylethanolamine in aqueous solution, thus reducing the drug's efficacy.In addition to being hydrolyzed, color of an aqueous solution of the compound gradually changes to dark yellow upon prolonged autoclaving and storage.These observationswere expanded in later studies including environmental factors such as pH-and temperature elevation and the. presence of oxygen, which affect stability of the solution.
Procaine hydrochloride, on the other hand, is stable to visible light in aqueous solution.(Japanese pharmacopoeia XI, JP XI).Very little is known, however, about the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light, which may influence the drug.
The purpose of this experiment is to examine th ephotodecomposition of a procaine solution after exposure to a commonly available fluorescent lamp which including a UV region (Fig.1).

View full abstract