In our hospital we prepared ipecac syrup from various lots of powdered ipecac available on the market, and we made an alkaloid assay of ipecac using HPLC method.
Total ether-soluble alkaloids of the lots of powdered ipecac were in conformity with the regulation by JP XI. However, the ratio of emetine to cephaeline, which affects the vomiting action, was found to be different for each lot of powdered ipecac.Ipecac alkaloid assay using HPLC was simple to perform, in comparison with the USP method: the HPLC method requires no extraction.
At our hospital, 90% of 71 pediatric patients who had mistakenly ingested a dangerous substance, were clinically treated with ipecac syrup.Incidence of accidental ingestion of substances among young children is so high that the regulation of the content of emetine and cephaeline in powdered ipecac seems to be required.

View full abstract

The significance of depth of score, the kinds of-binders and granules for compression on dividing of scored tablets was investigated.
Scored tablets with the rate of depth of score per thickness varying with 10, 20 and 30% were prepared using hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), potato starch, acacia and gelatin as binder and sieved granules in three particle sizes and no sieved granules as granules for compression.
Dividing strength of the scored tablets decreased with an increase in depth of score and was affected by the kinds of binders.Weight variation of the divided tablets was the smallest on the tablet of 30% depth of score prepared from sieved granules irrespective of the kinds of binders and physical characteristics of granules.However, when the rate of depth was lower than 20%, the weight variation of the divided tablets was affected by the kinds of binders and physical characteristics of the granules.With 20% depth of score, tablets using potato starch and gelatin as binder showed little weight variation.In case of the 10%, tablets using potato starch and granules of 16-32 mesh showed better results.Tablets prepared with non-sieved granules showed effect of particle size distribution of granules on weight variation of divided tablets even in the case of the 30% depth.

View full abstract

The effect of concentration of binder on dividing of scored tablets was investigated in scored tablets compressed the granules of 12-16, 16-32 and 32-48 mesh used hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and potato starch as binder.We obtained the following result in each binder.
1) Dividing strength of scored tablets compressed by each particle size increased with concentration of binder in each compaction force.2) In case of the scored tablets made from granules of 12-16 and 16-32 mesh, coefficient of weight variation of tablet halves decreased with increasing concentration of binder in low compaction force.But the influence of concentration of binder decreased when the compaction force increased.3) The scored tablets made from granules of 32-48 mesh was not affected by concentration of binder in the compaction force of this experiment.

View full abstract

Lysozyme chloride ointment (Reflap^® o.) has been widely used in clinical practice as a remedy for skin ulcers, and highly valued for its efficacy.Since skin u1cers, howevem, are liable to be complicated by infections and inflammations, Reflap^® o. is often coadministered with other kind of ointment at our institu, tion depending on the conditions of lesions.
In the light of this fact, we undertook a study to determine the effects of combination therapy with Reflap^® o. mixed with antibiotics, antimicrobials, disinfectants, stemoid or non-stemoid antiphlogistics ointments.In this study, Reflap^® o. was mixed with these ointments in a 1: 1 matio by weight.
In order to determine compatibility, the mixtures were examined fom (1) uniformity of kneading or changes in the properties of component ointments, (2) changes in color, (3) decrease in lysozyme chlomide activity, and (4) meduction in potency or content of Gintments added to Reflap^® o.
As the mesult, it was found that Reflap^® o. was compatible with Gentacin^®, Panimycin^®; Rinderon^®-V, Eksalb^®, Kenacort^®-A, Anderm^®, Staderm^®, and Fenazol^® ointments. On the other hand, Reflap^® o. was incompatible with Achromycin^®, Terramycin^®, Baramycin^® ointments, Geben^®, Mafatate^® creams, and Isodine^® Gel.

View full abstract

The odor from patients, exudates or excretions can often be unpleasant not only to inmates but also to the mnedical and paramedical staffs.In order to solve this problem, a deodomant mat (Pearl-Mat^®) for use in hospital rooms has been examined.
The deodorant mat was prepared filling amoisture-permeable container with silica gel, natural zeolite and active carbon.After 48 hours of bedside use of this deodorant mat, the room air was captnred into a collecting tube and analyzed by gas chromatography.The chromatogram showed a reduction in the peak of the low-boiling compound considemed responsible for the offensive odor or its disappearance: The results of room air analysis suggest that the deodorant mat is effective in reducing the offensive odor in the hospital, room.

View full abstract

We compiled a dictionary for suppository identification.The data base contains the drug information of 257 suppository preparations which were made by 86 companies in Japan.We could identify 71 (100%) indometacin suppository preparations by this dictionary but failed to find 28.2-36.6% of these preparations by some other dictionaries.By the use of this dictionary, to identify twenty indometacin suppository preparations which were randomly chosen needed significantly shorter time, than by some other conventional dictionaries.
This dictionary was evaluated to be more practical and efficient, so this dictionary was introduced into the routine schedule of consultation at the pharmacy department of our hospital.

View full abstract

Quinone derivatives, such as 2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methy1-6-decapreny1-1, 4-benzoquinone (ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q₁₀, CoQ₁₀), 4, 5-dihydro-4, 5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-f] quinoline-2, 7, 9-tricarboxylic acid (pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ) and 6-(10-hydroxydecy1)-2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methy1-1, 4-benzoquinone (idebenone), significantly inhibited rise of acetaldehyde concentration in blood and liver of rats following ethanol ingestion.Acetaldehyde concentrations decreased in vitro with incubation with 1, 4-benzoquinone or PQQ solution at 40°C. Low acetaldehyde concentrations following ethanol ingestion might be due to PQQ-accelerated oxidation of acetaldehyde.

View full abstract

Vaporization of nitroglycerin (TNG), thermoanalysis (DTA/TG) and X-ray diffractometry (X-RD) for the complex with TNG and β-cyclodextrin (TNG·β-CD) prepared by saturated solution method and kneading method, and TNG dispersed β-CD and lactose powder were evaluated. The stabilities of strip packaged sublingual tablet of TNG·β-CD (β-CD Tab, TNG content 0.3mg) and conventional sublingual tablet (JP Tab, TNG content 0.3mg, vehicle: lactose) were compared under the each storage condition of room temperature, 37°and 50°C. Pulse pressure in anesthetized dogs, and systolic blood pressure and plasma TNG concentration in 10 healthy male volunteers were measured after sublingual administration of β-CD Tab and JP Tab.
The results showed that vaporization of TNG from TNG·β-CD was extremely smaller than that from TNG dispersed β-CD and lactose powder. DTA/TG and X-RD curves for TNG·β-CD showed specific patterns differed from dispersed powder. The decrease of TNG content in β-CD Tab was extremely lower than that of JP Tab under strip packaging. It is also ascertained that β-CD Tab has the same bioequivalency as JP Tab.

View full abstract

For the topical application to the treatment of leukoplakia and lichen planus, four oleaginous oral ointments containing 2% of cepharanthin were prepared with oleaginous bases; white petro1atum with Iiquid paraffin, white petrolatum: plastibase (3:2) with liquid paraffin, white petrolatum: Plastibase (1:1) with liquid paraffin, and plastibase.
Consistency of four ointments measured with penetrometer, and spreadability measured with spreadmeter was not changed when these ointments were kept at 20° or 30°C for 21 days.The stabilities of cepharanthin in each ointment measumed with pH meter and spectrophotometer showed that cepharanthin was very stable in each ointment for 21 days at 20°C or 30°C.Adhesion time of each ointment was measured using 1% methylrosaniline chloride as an indicator dye. Among four oleaginous bases, plastibase seemed to be the most useful base for clinical application judging from several sensory tests and clinical tests.
With these results it is concluded that cepharanthin oral ointment consisting of plastibase is the most effective to the treatment of leukoPlakia and lichen Plenus among four oleaginous ointments prepared.

View full abstract

The mechanism of diazepam loss into the administration set was investigated in equilibrium and kinetic studies.A linear relation was found between the absorbed amount of diazepam by the administration set and the equilibrium concentration within the range of 4.0-20.0μg/ml at 30°C.
This result suggests that diazepam loss into the administration set occurs through a mechanism of partition and diffusion similarly to isosorbide dinitrate or nitroglycerin.When the diazepam solution was passed through the administration set at a flow rate of 1.08ml/min, initial concentration 50μg/ml and the length of administration set 100cm, the diazepam concentration was reduced to 62.6% in 10 min, and gradually returned to the initial level with time.it was found that the factors effecting the loss of diazepam were the kind of containers, the length of administration set and the flow rate of intravenous solutions.

View full abstract

A new method for the determination of bromvalerylurea (BVU) in the serum of acute toxipathic patients was developed.The serum was incubated with urease to hydrolyze urea which interferes with the determination of BVU. After deproteinization with trichloracetic acid, the sample solution was reacted with diacetylmonooxime, and the color developed was measured at 525nm.A straight calibration curve was obtained between 10 and 300μg BVU/ml serum.This method was simple and precise, and was applied to the acute toxipathic patient's serum.

View full abstract

The potato starch has been used as excipients on dispending the aminophylline powder in our hospital pharmacy.In our test about the error of dividing weight used automatic dividing packing machine model KC805-K90 (Konishi), the coefficient of variation (C. V.) ofaminophylline mixedpotato stamch was more than 10%for 21 subpacks of 0.5g.
Then, we studied the relation between the dividing time and the error of dividing weight, and the rate of loss.Furthermore, We examined the physical properties of each starch and the chemical incompatibility on mixing aminophylline and each stamch.The rice stamch revealed the smallest C. V. value (%) in each starch and was not changed chemically when it was mixed with the aminophylline powder.These results suggest that the rice starch is the most useful excipients from a dispending point of view.

View full abstract

The counter of hospital pharmacy is an important place for expositions on drug therapy to the patients.Inquiries on dispensed drugs at the counter were studied for 4 weeks.In the period, 14, 426 prescriptions were filled and 600 inquiries from 404 persons were received. Inquirers'ratio of female was higher than that of male.Sometimes inquirers were made one after another and at other times inquirer was not made more than one hour.It was shown that half of inquirers were made within 10 minutes after the former inquirer left the counter. Different inquirers'ratios were acquired in respective clinical departments and in respective days of the week.Therefore the relationship between the number of inquirers and the number of prescriptions was influenced by both clinical departments and a day of the week as confused factors.In order to lessen the influence of those factors, the data of inquirers and prescriptions were processed by means of dividing office hours into 15 parts at every 30 minutes.The result was that the number of inquirers was proportional to the number of prescriptions.90% of pharmacists'answers to the inquirers were finished within 2 minutes.
As to content, 45%of all the inquiries were about use of drugs, and 39%about drug effect. The young patients had a tendency to make inquiries about use of drugs, and the middle-aged patients had a tendency to make inquiries about drug effect.

View full abstract