In previous studies, we have reported a method for calculation to predict pH values in admixing several injections into some infusions.The present study was designed to develop a better method of predicting physical incompatibility in admixing several injections into some infusions by using the background of our theoretical considerations.The results were as follows. It has been considered that the admixtures of bromhexine hydrochloride and hydrocortisone sodium phosphate were incompatible in any infusions. Whereas in our predictive method, it was shown that both of these injections were virtually compatible in some electrolyte solutions as Solita T-3, Physiosol-3 and Potacol R infusions.And it became possible to predict the changes in admixing potassium canrenoate injection into some infusions, which had been quite difficult to predict.In addition, we could clearly predict the case of being compatible by altering the order of admixing considered the buffering capacity of each injection.
These results indicate that it will be more useful to predict the physical incompatibility in admixing several injections into some infusions than the other methods frequently used.

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We prepared temperature-sensitive liposomes containing doxorubicin (DXR) which release the drug at 42°C required for local hyperthermia.The liposomes were prepared by mixing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol, according to the procedure of the reverse-phase evaporation method.The drug-releasing properties of the large unilamellar liposomes were measured at 36 to 42°C around the phase transition temperature of the liposomal lipids.
The addition of cholesterol reduced the membrane permeability of the liposomes and cornpletely eliminated DXR release at 50 mol%.The liposomes composed of DPPC alone released approximately 80% of DXR at 39°C.DPPC liposomes containing 20 mol% DSPC, however, showed a sharp increase in DXR release between 40°C and 42°C. At 42°C, the level of DXR release was approximately 90%.These results indicated that the lipid composition of DPPC/ DSPC=4/1 (molar ratio) was optimum for temperature-sensitive DXR release.

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Recently, the acute drug poisonings have been increasing in Japan.Therefore, the accurate and rapid screening method of unknown drug caused poisoing has occupied the more important position in acute medicine.Though many kinds of chromatographies and spectrophotometries have been used to screen the unknown drug caused the poisoning, there is no proper method in Japan from the standpoint of utility and rapidity.Therefore, the practical use of the TOXILAB system (Marion) developed in USA was examined this time.
Twenty-five drugs caused frequently acute poisoning were selected and added to the serum, urine and artificial gastric fluid.We investigated both the separation and the lower limit of detection of the drugs by TOXI-LAB system.The separative spots obtained on the TOXIGRAMs were compared to the authentic samples by HPLC.Furthermore, we applied the TOXILAB system to the patient sample in the acute poisoning and examined the utility of this system. Seven kinds of drug, i. e. agricultural medicines, theophylline, diphenhydramine and bromvalerylurea, could not be detected.It was confirmed that prednisolone, acetaminophen, phenacetin, hydroxyzine, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, amobarbital and amitriptyline were detected even at half or a quarter of the lower limit of detection recorded in a TOXI-LAB compendium.Each spot on the TOXI-GRAM was in agreement with the authentic sample in HPLC.TOXI-LAB system is considered to be a very useful screening method if the drug caused acute poisoning could be predicted to some extent.

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We developed a new useful method of data-base construction and data maintenance by utilizing commercial data-base.It was a programmed system composed of 1) data extraction from the parent data-base, 2) data processing and 3) setting data up on the daughter data-base. Besides, the characteristic function of converting data into key-words using a coding program was involved in data processing region.The MEDIS-DC data-base was offered as an application data-base;we tried producing a drug information data-base and executing key-words conversion on the side effects and the indications for the purpose of use in our drug information retrieval system.
As a result, it required fewer workers, less expense and less time to accomplish the whole work in comparison with conventional manner such as a handiwork data-inputting.

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The compatibility of DT-5621 (Bucladesine ointment), a new anti-skin ulcer agent, with seven kinds of topical agents was studied.DT-5621 was mixed with each topical agent in equal weight, and the mixtures were allowed to stand during 14 days at 10°C.The kneading uniformity, the property change and the color change were recorded for each mixture 0 hour, 24 hours and 14 days after mixing.The content or potency of each component in the mixtures were also measured.The contents of DT-5621, Geben^®cream, and Anderm^® ointment were determined by the HPLC method, and the potency of Gentacin^®, Panimycin^®, and Achromycin^® ointments were estimated by the bioassay method.The potency of Isodine^® gel was assayed by iodometry method and the content of Betonevate^® by spectrophotometry.
No change was observed in all experiments except for the color change of DT-5621 and Achromycin^® ointment mixture after 14 days, indicating that DT-5621 is compatible with the six commercial topical agents (Gentacin^®, Panimycin^®, Isodine^®, Geben^®, Anderm^®, Betonevate^®). DT-5621 is compatible with Achromycin^® ointment if the mixture is prepared immediately before using.

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We studied relationship between antiseptic and drug interaction in eyedrops used at Teikyo University Hospital.Two kinds of eyedrops were mixed and stored for 24 hours in a dark place at room temperature.Then the transparency was observed, and the content of main ingredient of each mixture of eyedrops was measured by HPLC.Combination of eyedrops containing benzalkonium chloride and containing ester of para-hydroxybenzoic acid often lead cloudiness. For some preparations, the decrease of drug contents was found without change of appearance.

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In order to reduce the waiting time of outpatients at pharmacy, a computer-regulated facsimile system is employed for prescription-ordering in Fujinomiya City General Hospital. In the present study, the waiting time and troubles which we encountered using this system were examined for five days from March 13th to 17th in 1989. Prescriptions were transmitted to pharmacy by a system which consists of a specially ordered facsimile (NEFAX-17, Nihondenki Co., Ltd.) and a minicomputer (MS-8, Nihondenki Co., Ltd.) with a gateway processor (GP-200). Using this system, pharmacists fill the prescriptions, while patients are making the payment. The mean waiting time in each day was 1.9 to 5.3 min, while the time for dispensing was 12.8 to 19.6 min. The troubles in this system were as follows:(1) Failure to transmit the prescription to pharmacy;(2) Repeated transmission;(3) Unclear printing. In conclusion, this system seems useful to reduce the waiting time of outpatients at pharmacy, although a few types of trouble are also involved.

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A new computerized system for making of drug envelope has been developed in Miyazaki Medical College Hospital Department of Pharmacy.Although such system has been already developed, most of system were not sufficient for labor-saving.This developed system has no need to put label on drug envelope, and to separate drug envelope.And the time to produce prescription and drug envelope was half as much as that of writing by hand.
Hence We can use free time that we got by our system for other work.At all points, our system make a great contribution to labor-saving at hospital pharmacy.

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Enzyme immunometric assay (EIMA method) for determination of serum digoxin concentration was evaluated. The coefficient of variation of within-run and between-run precision for 3 concentrations of digoxin in serum (0.85, 1.5, 3.0ng/ml) was less than 6.0%.The serum digoxin (47 samples) concentrations were determined by EIMA method and compared with those determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA method).There were good agreement between results by FPIA method and those by EIMA method, where correlation coefficient was more than 0.993.The cross-reactivities of methyldigoxin, lanatoside C, digoxigenin, digitoxin, proscillaridin and k-strophanthin at 2 ng/ml were found.No clinically significant interference was observed with endogenous substances at concentrations below 415 mg/dl hemoglobin, 400mg/dl cholesterol, 500mg/dl triglycerides and 10mg/dl bilirubin.The digoxin-like substances in plasma of renal insufficient patients caused minimal interference.From these results, EIMA method may be useful for serum drug-level monitoring of patients under the digoxin therapy.

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We have developed a system for preparing prescriptions and drug envelopes automatically by connecting the prescription ordering system with a set of printing machines for prescriptions and drug envelopes. The special features of this system are as follows: 1) to adopt a method of printing directly on to drug envelopes;2) to assemble prescriptions and drug envelopes for each individual patient. As a result of the introduction of this system, it became possible to rationalize the prescription work and to reduce the staff of the prescription department.

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