Objective：Physical function decline and social frailty are prognostic factors for cardiovascular disease；however, their combined effects remain to be examined. We aimed to investigate the association between post-discharge clinical events and the coexistence of decreased walking speed and social frailty or lack of caregivers in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Design：Retrospective cohort study.

Patients：Patients aged ≥65 years who participated in inpatient cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods：Patients were divided into four groups according to the presence of decreased walking speed (＜1.0 m/sec) and social frailty or lack of caregiver. The association with a composite event risk (mortality or rehospitalization) was evaluated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.

Results：This study included 182 patients (median age：75 years). When stratified according to reduced walking speed and social frailty, those with decreased walking speed showed a higher event risk, which further increased with social frailty. When stratified by declining walking speed and lack of caregivers, those with both factors exhibited the highest risk of the event.

Conclusion：Decreased walking speed with social frailty or lack of caregivers was associated with a higher poor post-discharge outcome risk. Our findings highlight the importance of adjusting the environment for disease management, including using social resources, when planning rehabilitation interventions after discharge.

Objective：This study investigated whether the day of initial ambulation during rehabilitation affects postoperative outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods：This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Urasoe General Hospital. Patients who underwent scheduled surgery and requested preoperative rehabilitation between June 2019 and December 2021 were included in this study. Patient characteristics and surgery- and rehabilitation-related data were retrieved from the medical records. The patients were divided into early- and late-discharge groups according to their median postoperative hospital stay. The cut-off value of initial ambulation during the postoperative hospital stay was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of initial ambulation on delayed postoperative hospital stay.

Results：This study included 184 patients. The cutoff value for initial ambulation during the postoperative hospital stay was three days. In the univariate analysis, rectal cancer, operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo classification grade II or higher, and the initial ambulation day were identified as potentially significant factors. In the multivariate analysis, which included these potentially significant factors as input variables, postoperative complications, operation time, and the initial ambulation day were determined to be significant independent factors affecting postoperative hospital stay.

Conclusion：The initial ambulation day can affect postoperative hospital stay in patients with colorectal cancer. It is important that the rehabilitation interventions undertaken after colorectal cancer surgery facilitate ambulation within the third postoperative day.