In our previous studies, it was suggested that the single moxibustion stimulation induced the enhancement of the phagocytic activity in mice. In order to examine the cause of the effect of moxibustion, we have examined the activities of two lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase: acid-P and β-glucuronidase: β-Gl) in the peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and peritoneal macrophage (Mp), and the morphological change of these cells by the Giemsa stain after single moxibustion.
Male ddY and ICR mouse (5-6 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. 15mg of moxa was divided into 6 cones and they were treated by each 3 cones at right and left LV-14.
As a result, an increase of acid-P activity in PEC of ddY mouse was found at 3 and 24hr after single moxibustion.
On the other hand, acid-P activity of PEC was decreased at 3hr, in spite of increase in numbers of PEC in ICR mouse.
These values did not change at 120hr after single moxibustion in ICR mice. But β-Gl activity in the peritoneal Mp was increased 120hr after single moxibustion.
Morphologically, there were a little enlarged and more mild spreading cells in peritoneal Mps from ICR mice 120hr after moxibustion than ones in untreated mice.
That is, lysosomal enzyme activities in PEC and peritoneal Mp increased when phagocytic indexes were higher by moxibustion stimulation in mice.
These results suggest that one of the cause of the enhancement of phagocytic activity in reticuloendothelial system after single moxibustion was the increase of lysosomal enzyme activities in the phagocytic cells.

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Effect of multiple moxibustion on the phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system in the normal mice has been studied by using the carbon clearance methods. Simultaneously, effect of multiple one on the lysosomal enzyme activities (acid phosphatase: acid-P and β-glucuronidase: β-GL) of the periotoneal exudate cells (PEC) and the peritoneal macrophage (Mp) has been examined. And the morphology of PEC and peritoneal Mp has been also observed by the Giemsa stain and NBT reaction with lightmicroscopy.
Male ddY and ICR mice (5 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. 15mg of moxa was divided into 6 cones and they were treated by each 3 cones at right and left LV-14. The experimental schedules of multiple moxibustion were 5 times of treatment of every other day, 15 times one of every other day and 15 times one of twice a week.
In 5 times moxibustion of every other day, the mild increase of phagocytic activity in ddY mice, the decrease in number of the peritoneal Mps and the mild increase of lysosomal enzyme activity of PEC and peritoneal Mps in ICR mice were showed. In 15 times moxibustion of every other day, the increase of lysosomal enzyme activity of PEC was recognized without the one of the phagocytic activity in ICR mice. In 15 times moxibustion of twice a week, K index (phagocytic index), β-GL activity of PEC and acid-P activity of peritoneal Mp were significantly increased in ddY mice. And the mild increase of β-GL activity in PEC, the decrease in number of peritoneal Mp and the mild increase of lysosomal enzyme activity in peritoneal Mp were recognized.
There were no difference of cell kinds, cell morphology in PEC and the peritoneal Mp between the untreated and multiple moxibustion treated mice.
These results indicate that the multiple moxibustion does not always induce the enhancement of the phagocytic activity because of the general adaptation syndromes. However, the effect of the multiple one on the lysosomal enzyme activity suggests that these treatment induces the intrisic enhancement of the activity in host defense system.

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There are several methods of acupuncture for stiff shoulders such as pecking stimulation, LFEA, and (SSP).
These three types of stimulation were given to the suprascapular region and variation of blood flow Silver Spike Point in the skin and the muscle was observed.
In our study, we made it a rule to take the skin temperature and the deep temperature of 1cm deep under the skin for the index.
As a result, concerning the muscle blood stream at the stimulus point, it was found that LFEA and SSP caused a significant increase in the muscle blood flow and pecking stimulation also showed a 43% increase in the muscle blood flow. The skin blood flow showed the same effect as the muscle blood flow.
Furthermore, about the influence of stimulation on the remote region from the suprascapular region we observed variation of the skin temperature on the back of hand and the index finger, it showed a transient decrease in blood flow with pecking stimulation and LFEA, whereas there is little variation with SSP.
From this observation, it was indicated that pecking stimulation without any muscle contraction improved an amount of the blood stream at the stimulated region and about the peripheral circulation to the remote region the inserting technique such as pecking stimulation and LFEA will unfluence it.

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Studies have been made by Tsukuba University on the sympathomimetic reaction by various stimulus such as heat, acupuncture, moxibustion and pressure. We performed stimulus with acupuncture anesthesia method on 10 healthy adult men to determine the effect of acupuncture stimulus.
They were given 3 types of stimulus to evaluate the effect of acupuncture stimulus on blood pressure and post stimulus and given a T-test among these stimulus. We made use of 8 points as stimulus points: right and left LI-4, HC-6, SP-6 and ST-6.
1; In the electro-acupuncture stimulus for 30 minutes with 1Hz, systolic pressure decreased significantly, whereas diastolic pressure increased.
2; In the situ stimulus for 30 minutes, it was found that, in average, systolic pressure was decreased and diastolic pressure was increased but they showed no significant difference. Pulse pressure was significantly decreased.
3; In the spotted skin electro stimulus for 30 minutes with 1Hz, systolic pressure decreased significantly, whereas diastolic pressure showed no variation as well as the control group.
It is supposed that acupuncture stimulus and electro stimulus made for peripheral vessel contraction as well as palmus restrain, whereas the spotted skin electro stimulus made for palmus restrain.

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An observation of the therapeutic effects of the parallel use of acupuncture/moxibustion and medicine (mainly herbs) on 8 patients with chronic liver disorders at our clinic was done for a period of one year. The basic therapeutic points were: Right Chimen (LV), Right Puyung (ST), Chungwan (CV), Tsu sanli (LU), Sanyinchiao (SP), Taichong (LV), Chihyang (GV), Keshu (BL) and Pishu (BL); and other points were determined according to the subjective symptoms of each patient. Treatments were done 2 times a week as a basic rule. Significant improvements were observed in serum GOT, GPT and γ-GTP, and an increase was observed in serum protein. Also, a significant improvement was observed in the subjective symptoms of patients.
Judging from these results, it is suggested that the parallel use of acupuncture/moxibustion and medicine proves to be effective in the treatment of chronic liver disorders.

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The effects of transsomatic physical therapies (acupuncture and TENS) on the neurogenic bladder were examined in 73 patients (50 men and 23 women) aged 15-78 years old (mean, 59.8 years old). The capacity of the bladder and residual urine volume were observed by cystometry, uroflowmetry and by determining the urethral pressure profile. The following results were obtained:
1. In the patients with dysuria due to hypertonus of the sympathetic nerve system, the tonus of the sphincter urethrae and urethral resistance decreased due to the effects of acupuncture anesthesia, resulting in a decline in residual urine volume and improved urination in 71.4%.
2. Urethral resistance also decreased, in the patients with hypotonic bladder, resulting in a decline in residual urine volume and improved urination in 75%.
3. Acupuncture anesthesia by applying TENS seems to be clinically significant for improving urination in the neurogenic bladder.

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Introduction
It is said that D-phenylalanine improves the pain relief effect of acupuncture on pain disease. We applied it to different kinds of pain disease as preadministration and studies the clinical effectiveness.
Method
Subjects were 24 patients suffering from such comparatively chronic pain diseases as prosopalgia (2), a pain in the posterior region of neck (5), frozen shoulder (4), coxalgia with melosalgia (10) and gonalgia (3).
A. The low frequency electrical acupuncture (3Hz, sub-successive wave, 20 minutes) was applied to them on the most frequently used points by the JSA Committee of Acupoints.
B. 0.5g of DPA was administered to each patient as preadministration and acupuncture was given.
C. Lactose was administered to all of the same patients as a placebo and acupuncture was given.
D. The therapy was repeated two times.
E. We evaluated the just after effect of the therapy on both groups with the double blind experiment.
Effect
The preadministration of DPA improved the effectiveness of acupuncture against such pain disease. From our study, it was clarified that the effectiveness of DPA rose by 30% in comparison with the placebo.

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Magnetic acupuncture achieved by plastering is a particular type of acupuncture whose “pressure stimulation effect” deriving from a needle type minor process produces a synergetic effect due to “magnetic stimulation effect” originating in the magnetism concentrated on and discharged from the process. This magnetic acupuncture charged with low frequency is called “low frequency magnetic acupuncture.” The major factors in effective non-needle electro-stimulus anesthesia (T. N. S.) are the shape and condition of electrodes in their contact with the skin. Since the electrode utilizing a magnetic needle fully meets these conditions, “acupuncture sensation, ” which is clinically considered important, can be adequately expected. The following are the results obtained from our studies on the objective evaluation of a stimulation property and therapeutic effects of low frequency magnetic acupuncture.
The subjects involved in the study were 15 healthy adults and 5 patients with various symptoms at Naka Izu Rehabilitation Center. The method adopted was the measure of MV as an index of a comfortable sense of stimulation. An MV pick-up was attached to the subject's thum ball —if right-handed, attached to left thumb, if left-handed, attached to right thumb— with cellophane tape and was recorded by 13ch multi-purpose electro-encephalograph and DTR manufactured by Sanei Sokki K. K. before the results were analyzed by a signal processor.
Results:
1) In 10 healthy adults whose MV bands before and after T. N. S. of a general type were compared, a decrease of theta band and an increase of alpha band were recognized. When stimulation effects noted in 5 healthy adults given T. N. S. of a general type and low frequency magnetic acupuncture were compared in terms of MV pattern, a generally increasing trend of alpha band was observed in magnetic acupuncture electrodes.
2) MV patterns noted in 5 patients with various symptoms who were given low frequency magnetic acupuncture showed a decrease of theta and beta bands as well as an increase of alpha band, while MV amplitude showed a decrease depending on the patient. From the above results, the magnetic acupuncture electrode was found to have a more comfortable sense of stimulation than that of an electrode of an ordinary type.

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Introduction
Taking the GSR to acupoints in rheumatoid arthritis, we observed the following 3 points: the comparison between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the relativity between the clinical symptoms and acupoints, and the effect of acupuncture on the pathema.
Method
Using an apparatus “Memorador Model F-532”, we measured the GSR to SP-3, LV-3, BL-64, GB-40, ST-42, ST-36 and SP-6 together with a check on this symptom and hemanalysis.
Effect
The GSR in rheumatoid arthritis was higher than the other. The GSR in active rheumatoid arthritis was lower than the inactive. It was showed that there were significant differences in KI-3 (significance level under 5%) and SP-6 (under 1%).
Conclusion
We assumed that the pathema might be dependent on the condition of their acupoints. Acupuncture gave a good effect on rheumatoid arthritis.

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Japanese Physiotherapy (JPT) is a kind of therapy that is based upon the Oriental medical art —as we know as acupuncture, moxibustion and anma— and is combined with the physical therapy of the western medical art as an organic whole. JPT has been studied and developed chiefly in the JPT course in schools for the blind.
In order to make clear the popularity of JPT and its movement of the demand, I made a questionnaire about JPT and its fundamental therapy —acupuncture, moxibustion and anma— bounding the occupation and area of the object. See the following list;
a. the appriciation of the effect of JPT.
b. the rate at which the adaptation disease arises and its cause.
c. the existence of the experience of having the therapy and the demand of having the therapy once more.
d. the better place of having the therapy.
e. the desirable rate at which you have to pay for the care.
f. the problems when you have the therapy.
This is the main points of the investigation.
1. Method:
1) Object; teachers and bus drivers in Shizuoka prefecture.
2) Way; doring out questionnaire papers and gathering them.
2. Results
1) We handed out 2119 papers and gathered 1827 answers.
(Its effective rate is 86%.)
2) The 70-80% of the answerer admitted the effect of the therapy.
3) The adaptation disease of JPT is firmly connected with the occupations of the patients.
4) In comparison with the rate of the patients who have experienced the therapy, the rate of the patients who want to have the therapy for their health is not so high. But many of the patients say that they want to have the therapy once or more times.
5) The most offensive problem, when the patients are to have the therapy, is the high rate of the patients' contribution paid for the care. The second problem is that the patients have anxiety about the contents and methods of the therapy.
3. Problems from now on
1) The early realization of cutting down the rate of the patients' contribution paid for the care.
2) Making public relations that JPT is good for the early recovery from fatigure and the promotion of health and the prevention of disease.
3) The establishment of JPT as Industrial Medicine.

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We have taken up biorthythm as an important theory which links Oriental medicine to Western medicine, and analyzed it in an attempt to clarify the uniqueness and undiscovered potential of acupuncture, particularly through the framework of what we call “chronotherapy.”
Method:
Fifteen dogs were used as experimental animals. Secreted amounts of serum hormones (ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, etc.) were measured every three hours for one whole day (24 hours) and circadian rhythms were analysed. Serum cortisol was then treated as an index of adrenal cortical function, and acupuncture anesthesia was performed during the time zones of hyper- and hyposecretory phases which were determined by periodic regression and harmonic analysis. Correlationships between the susceptibility of acupuncture stimulation and secretory pattern of serum hormones in each time zone were studied.
Results:
1) Cortisol showed a double-peak secretory pattern, having morning and midnight peaks. ACTH, which exhibited a highly pulsatile secretion at noon, showed a sloping trend thereafter. A consistent pattern of prolactin was recognized in a sleeping phase, although it showed a secretory progress after midnight.
2) Electro-acupuncture performed during the time zones where adrenal cortical functions were active and indolent respectively revealed that the adrenal cortical function was activated by an acupuncture stimulation given during the time zone with lowered adrenal cortical function (lower secretory phase) and that the secretory amount was increased. As a result, the validity of clinical theories on “appropriate time, ” “malfunction of biorhythm, ” “weak and strong sitimulations based on the times of organs (entrails), ” etc. which had been emphasized from olden times was confirmed within the scope of animal experiments. It is therefore conceivable that the results currently obtained indicate the uniqueness of acupuncture, whose basic principle is activation of in vivo feedback systems, and usefulness of acupuncture as chronotherapy.

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[in Japanese]

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