A purpose of this study was to develop a simplified assessment instrument of the game performance especially focused on the situation of keeping ball with a team in “invasion type game”. 2 on 2 pass-catch test were adapted for the instrument, because of the smallest game including the basic elements of “on the ball skill” and “off the ball movement”.
In order to examine the validity of the instrument, the relationships of student’s performances between2 on 2 pass-catch test as the assessment instrument and the modified handball game were analyzed. An experimental teaching unit was done with subject of 5th grade student at elementary school.
Main findings were as follows.
1) Frequency of success on pass, catch and supportive movement in 2 on 2 pass-catch test and modified handball game was recorded and analyzed before and after the experimental teaching unit of thephysical education classes. As the result, frequency of success on all item of the game performance increased significantly in 2 on 2 pass-catch test, but not in modified handball game. So it was suggested that the development of performance through learning was more strongly reflected by 2 on2 pass-catch test than modified handball game.
2) As the result of analyzing the correlations of game performances between 2 on 2 pass-catch test and modified handball game, the significant correlation values in all item among 2 on 2 pass-catch test andmodified handball game were found both before and after the unit.)
3) It was concluded that 2 on 2 pass-catch test was applicable to an instrument to assess the game performance especially focused on the situation of keeping ball with a team in “invasion type game”.

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In basketball, there is one of the intentional rules violations, which is called “foul game”. “Foul game” is the action that a defense player toward the end of a close game will intentionally foul players in possession of the ball in order to stop the clock. Although the dispute has so far been made from a viewpoint whether to be an act morally permitted to “foul game” or not, it has not resulted in the conclusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the point on right or wrong of “foul game” in basketball between Fraleigh and Simon who are regarded as renowned scholars in sport ethics with a fresh eye.
There are three points in the controversy between Fraleigh and Simon.
1. Role of the penalty for intentional fouls
2. Importance of restorative skills
3. Agreement of participants for intentional fouls
In this study, the three points at issue were examined by considering the contents of “official basketball rule” published in Japan Basketball Association. Especially, we analyzed the transition of the provisions of “intentional foul” and “unsportsmanlike foul” which have specified “foul game”. The results here are as follows.
1.The role of the penalty for intentional fouls has shifted from the sanction for prohibited acts to the price for options.
2.The importance of restorative skills by the free throw accompanying “foul game” has become more significant skills for which participants are asked in a game.
3.The agreement of participants for intentional foul in “foul game” has moved turned to be acceptable.
As we can see above, it has been evaluated as an act by which a “foul game“ is allowed in “official basketball rule”.

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